National intelligence authorities and surveillance in the EU: Fundamental rights safeguards and remedies

Given the present state of law, Luxembourgish legislation does not provide any
legal basis for mass surveillance. Nonetheless, various social and political
developments compelled the state to develop them in the interests of national
protection. During the cold war, Luxembourg had prepared to protect the country
from the Soviet Union threats. Under such circumstances, it created the State
Intelligence Service SIS (Service de renseignement de l'état, SREL) whose mission of
that time was to protect national secrets externally and secrets of the United States
with whom Luxembourg was united by common defense agreements