Ahamad M, Ibrahim H, Bujang MK, Mohd Sah SA, Mohamad N, Nor SM, Ahmad AH, Ho TM. 2013. A survey of acarine ectoparasites of bats (Chiroptera) in Malaysia. Journal of Medical Entomology 50(1):140–146 DOI 10.1603/ME11240.
Ahmim M, Moali A. 2013. The diet of four species of horseshoe bat (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) in a mountainous region of Algeria: evidence for gleaning. Hystrix, the Italian Journal of Mammalogy 24(2):174–176.
Aldridge HDJN, Rautenbach IL. 1987. Morphology, echolocation and resource partitioning in insectivorous bats. The Journal of Animal Ecology 56:763–778 DOI 10.2307/4947.
Ayala-Berdon J, Martínez Gómez M, Ponce AR, Beamonte-Barrientos R, Vázquez J, Rodriguez-Peña ON. 2023. Weather, ultrasonic, cranial and body traits predict insect diet hardness in a Central Mexican bat community. Mammal Research 68:273–282 DOI 10.1007/s13364-023-00678-2.
Barclay RMR. 1994. Constraints on reproduction by flying vertebrates; energy and calcium. The American Naturalist 144:1021–1031 DOI 10.1086/285723.
Belwood JJ, Fenton MB. 1976. Variation in the diet of Myotis lucifugus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology 54(10):1674–1678 DOI 10.1139/z76-194.
Bontadina F, Schofield H, Naef-Daenzer B. 2002. Radio-tracking reveals that lesser horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus hipposideros) forage in woodland. Journal of Zoology 258(3):281–290 DOI 10.1017/S0952836902001401.
Boonchuay P, Bumrungsri S. 2022. Bat activity in organic rice fields is higher than in conventional fields in landscapes of intermediate complexity. Diversity 14(6):444 DOI 10.3390/d14060444.
Boyles JG, Cryan PM, McCracken GF, Kunz TH. 2011. Economic importance of bats in agriculture. Science 332(6025):41–42 DOI 10.1126/science.1201366.
Clare EL, Fraser EE, Braid HE, Fenton MB, Hebert PD. 2009. Species on the menu of a generalist predator, the eastern red bat (Lasiurus borealis): using a molecular approach to detect arthropod prey. Molecular Ecology 18(11):2532–2542 DOI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04184.x.
Eisenbeis G. 2006. Artificial night lighting and insects: attraction of insects to streetlamps in a rural setting in Germany. In: Rich C, Longcore T, eds. Ecological consequences of artificial night lighting. Washington: Island Press.
Feldhamer GA, Carter TC, Whitaker JO. 2009. Prey consumed by eight species of insectivorous bats from southern Illinois. The American Midland Naturalist 162(1):43–51 DOI 10.1674/0003-0031-162.1.43.
Fenton MB, Rautenbach IL, Rydell J, Arita HT, Ortega J, Bouchard S, Hovorka MD, Lim B, Odgren E, Portfors CV. 1998. Emergence, echolocation, diet and foraging behavior of Molossus ater (Chiroptera: Molossidae)1. Biotropica 30(2):314–320 DOI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.1998.tb00065.x.
Fleming TH. 1988. The short-tailed fruit bat: a study in plant-animal interaction. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Francis CM. 2008. A field guide to the mammals of South-East Asia. London: New Holland Publishers.
Freeman PW. 1981. Correspondence of food habits and morphology in insectivorous bats. Journal of Mammalogy 62(1):166–173 DOI 10.2307/1380489.
Ghazali M, Dzeverin I. 2013. Correlations between hardness of food and craniodental traits in nine Myotis species (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae). Vestnik Zoologii 47(1):67–76.
Government of Malaysia. 2010. Wildlife Conservation Act 2010 (Pub. L. No. Act 672). Kuala Lumpur: Percetakan National Malaysia Berhad.
Hafidzi MN, Naim M. 2003. The use of the barn owl, Tylo alba, to suppress rat damage in rice fields in Malaysia. ACIAR Monograph Series 96:274–276.
Hesselbarth MH, Sciaini M, With KA, Wiegand K, Nowosad J. 2019. Landscapemetrics: an open-source R tool to calculate landscape metrics. Ecography 42(10):1648–1657 DOI 10.1111/ecog.04617.
Hill JE, Zubaid A, Davison GWH. 1985. Hipposideros lekaguli, a new leaf-nosed bat recorded in Peninsular Malaysia. Malayan Nature Journal 392(2):147–148.
Kemp J, López-Baucells A, Rocha R, Wangensteen OS, Andriatafika Z, Nair A, Cabeza M. 2019. Bats as potential suppressors of multiple agricultural pests: a case study from Madagascar. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 269:88–96 DOI 10.1016/j.agee.2018.09.027.
Kingston T. 2000. Diversity, extinction risk and structure in an insectivorous bat community from Malaysia. PhD Dissertation, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
Kingston T, Frick W, Kading R, Leopardi S, Medellín R, Mendenhall IH, Racey P, Shapiro JT, Vicente-Santos A, Víquez RL, Worledge L. 2021. IUCN SSC Bat Specialist Group (BSG) recommended strategy for researchers to reduce the risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from humans to bats AMP: assess, modify, protect (version 2.0). Bat Specialist Group 1–14.
Kingston T, Lim BL, Zubaid A. 2006. Bats of Krau wildlife reserve. Bangi: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Kishimoto-Yamada K, Itioka T. 2015. How much have we learned about seasonality in tropical insect abundance since Wolda (1988)? Entomological Science 18(4):407–419 DOI 10.1111/ens.12134.
Kunz TH, Hodgkison R, Weise CD. 2009. Methods of capturing and handling bats. Ecological and behavioral methods for the study of bats 2:3–35.
Kunz TH, Whitaker JO. 1983. An evaluation of fecal analysis for determining food habits of insectivorous bats. Canadian Journal of Zoology 61(6):1317–1321 DOI 10.1139/z83-177.
Kunz TH, Whitaker JO, Wadanoli MD. 1995. Dietary energetics of the insectivorous Mexican free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis) during pregnancy and lactation. Oecologia 101:407–415 DOI 10.1007/BF00329419.
Leelapaibul W. 2003. The diet and feeding factors of the wrinkle-lipped free-tailed bat (Tadarida plicata) at Khao-Chong-Pran, Ratchaburi Province. Master’s dissertation, Kasetsart University.
Leelapaibul W, Bumrungsri S, Pattanawiboon A. 2005. Diet of wrinkle-lipped free-tailed bat (Tadarida plicata Buchannan, 1800) in central Thailand: insectivorous bats potentially act as biological pest control agents. Acta Chiropterologica 7(1):111–119 DOI 10.3161/1733-5329(2005)7[111:DOWFBT]2.0.CO;2.
Liu Y, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Bu Y, Niu H. 2019. Roost selection and ecology of Stoliczka’s trident bat, Aselliscus stoliczkanus (Hipposideridae, Chiroptera) in China. Mammalian Biology 95:143–149 DOI 10.1016/j.mambio.2018.09.002.
Maisarah MS, Badrulhadza A, Mohd Fitri M, Jack A, Siti Norsuhana M, Ramachandran K, Chong TV, Azmi M. 2015. Buku Poket Perosak, Penyakit dan Rumpai Padi di Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Institut Penyelidikan dan Kemajuan Pertanian Malaysia (MARDI).
McAney C. 1991. The analysis of bat droppings. London: Mammal Society.
McCracken GF, Westbrook JK, Brown VA. 2010. Opportunistic predation by bats tracks and exploits changes in insect pest populations: evidence from quantitative (qPCR) analysis of fecal DNA, Knoxville: University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee.
McGarigal K, Cushman SA, Ene E. 2012. FRAGSTATS v4: spatial pattern analysis program for categorical and continuous maps. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Available at http://www.umass.edu/landeco/research/fragstats/fragstats.html.
Medeiros BASD, Barghini A, Vanin SA. 2017. Streetlights attract a broad array of beetle species. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 61:74–79 DOI 10.1016/j.rbe.2016.11.004.
Miková E, Varcholová K, Boldogh S, Uhrin M. 2013. Winter diet analysis in Rhinolophus euryale (Chiroptera). Central European Journal of Biology 8(9):848–853.
Mohamed MSA, Sah SAM, Nurul-Ain E. 2023. Composition and temporal variation in the diet of intermediate horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus affinis, relative to insect abundance in a tropical rainforest environment of Southeast Asia. Ecological Research 38:1–13 DOI 10.1111/1440-1703.12327.
Nur-Izzati A, Nurul-Ain E. 2019. Bat inventory and preliminary diet analysis of female individuals Taphozous melanopogon (Black-bearded Tomb bat) in Gunung Keriang, Kedah, Malaysia. In: 23th–25th 2019. 14th International UMT Annual Symposium (UMTAS). Primula Beach Hotel, Terengganu, Malaysia. Poster presentation.
Nur-Izzati A, Nurul-Ain E, Ohte N, Vincenot CE. 2023. Bat community response to insect abundance in relation to rice phenology in Peninsular Malaysia. Authorea. DOI 10.22541/au.168039363.37868412/v1.
Nurul-Ain E, Rosli H, Kingston T. 2017. Resource availability and roosting ecology shape reproductive phenology of rain forest insectivorous bats. Biotropica 49(3):382–394 DOI 10.1111/btp.12430.
Pavey CR. 2021. Comparative echolocation and foraging ecology of horseshoe bats (Rhinolophidae) and Old World leaf-nosed bats (Hipposideridae)1. Australian Journal of Zoology 68:382–392 DOI 10.1071/ZO20047.
Pavey CR, Grunwald JE, Neuweiler G. 2001. Foraging habitat and echolocation behaviour of Schneider’s leafnosed bat, Hipposideros speoris, in a vegetation mosaic in Sri Lanka. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 50:209–218 DOI 10.1007/s002650100363.
Puig-Montserrat X, Torre I, López-Baucells A, Guerrieri E, Monti MM, Ràfols-García R, Ferrer X, Gisbert D, Flaquer C. 2015. Pest control service provided by bats in Mediterranean rice paddies: linking agroecosystems structure to ecological functions. Mammalian Biology 80(3):237–245 DOI 10.1016/j.mambio.2015.03.008.
R Core Team. 2002. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Version 4.2.2. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Available at https://www.rproject.org.
Rabinowitz AR, Tuttle MD. 1982. A test of the validity of two currently used methods of determining bat prey preferences. Acta Theriologica 27(21):283–293 DOI 10.4098/AT.arch.82-25.
Ramanantsalama RV, Andrianarimisa A, Raselimanana AP, Goodman SM. 2018. Rates of hematophagous ectoparasite consumption during grooming by an endemic Madagascar fruit bat. Parasites & Vectors 11(1):1–8 DOI 10.1186/s13071-017-2573-y.
Robinson MF, Stebbings RE. 1993. Food of the serotine bat, Eptesicus serotinus—is faecal analysis a valid qualitative and quantitative technique? Journal of Zoology 231(2):239–248 DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1993.tb01915.x.
Roeleke M, Johannsen L, Voigt CC. 2018. How bats escape the competitive exclusion principle—seasonal shift from intraspecific to interspecific competition drives space use in a bat ensemble. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 6:101 DOI 10.3389/fevo.2018.00101.
Salinas-Ramos VB, Herrera Montalvo LG, León-Regagnon V, Arrizabalaga-Escudero A, Clare EL. 2015. Dietary overlap and seasonality in three species of mormoopid bats from a tropical dry forest. Molecular Ecology 24(20):5296–5307 DOI 10.1111/mec.13386.
Senawi J, Schmieder D, Siemers B, Kingston T. 2015. Beyond size–morphological predictors of bite force in a diverse insectivorous bat assemblage from Malaysia. Functional Ecology 29(11):1411–1420 DOI 10.1111/1365-2435.12447.
Srinivasulu B, Srinivasulu C. 2005. Diet of the black-bearded tomb bat Taphozous melanopogon Temminck, 1841 (Chiroptera: Emballonuridae) in India. Zoos’ Print Journal 20:1935–1938 DOI 10.11609/JoTT.ZPJ.1306.1935-8.
Stone EL, Jones G, Harris S. 2012. Conserving energy at a cost to biodiversity? Impacts of LED lighting on bats. Global Change Biology 18(8):2458–2465 DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02705.x.
Struebig MJ, Kingston T, Zubaid A, Le Comber SC, Mohd-Adnan A, Turner A, Kelly J, Bozek M, Rossiter SJ. 2009. Conservation importance of limestone karst outcrops for Palaeotropical bats in a fragmented landscape. Biological Conservation 142(10):2089–2096 DOI 10.1016/j.biocon.2009.04.005.
Struebig MJ, Kingston T, Zubaid A, Mohd-Adnan A, Rossiter SJ. 2008. Conservation value of forest fragments to Palaeotropical bats. Biological Conservation 141(8):2112–2126 DOI 10.1016/j.biocon.2008.06.009.
Tracy CR, Nussear K, Esque T, Bradley K, Defalco L, Castle K, Zimmerman L, Espinoza R, Barber A. 2006. The importance of physiological ecology in conservation biology. Integrative and Comparative Biology 46(6):1191–1205 DOI 10.1093/icb/icl054.
Tuttle MD. 1988. America’s neighborhood bats. Austin: University of Texas Press.
Wanger TC, Darras K, Bumrungsri S, Tscharntke T, Klein AM. 2014. Bat pest control contributes to food security in Thailand. Biological Conservation 171:220–223 DOI 10.1016/j.biocon.2014.01.030.
Wei L, Zhou S, Zhang L, Liang B, Hong T, Zhang S. 2006. Characteristics of echolocation calls and summer diet of three sympatric insectivorous bats species. Zoological Research 27(3):235–241.
Whitaker JO, Lawhead B. 1992. Food of Myotis lucifugus in a maternity colony in Central Alaska. Journal of Mammal 73:646–648 DOI 10.2307/1382037.
Whitaker JO, McCracken GF, Siemers BM. 2009. Food habit analysis of insectivorous bats. In: Kunz TH, Pearsons S, eds. Ecological and behavioral methods for the study of bats. Second Edition. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 565–592.
Whitaker JO, Neefus C, Kunz TH. 1996. Dietary variation in the Mexican free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana). Journal of Mammalogy 77(3):716–724 DOI 10.2307/1382676.
Wilson MR, Claridge MF. 1991. Handbook for the identification of leafhoppers and planthoppers of rice. London: CAB International for International Institute of Entomology, in association with Natural Resources Institute.
Zeale MR, Butlin RK, Barker GL, Lees DC, Jones G. 2011. Taxon-specific PCR for DNA barcoding arthropod prey in bat faeces. Molecular Ecology Resources 11(2):236–244 DOI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02920.x.
Zhang L, Jones G, Rossiter S, Ades G, Liang B, Zhang S. 2005. Diet of flat-headed bats, Tylonycteris pachypus and Tylonycteris robustula, in Guangxi South China. Journal of Mammalogy 86(1):61–66 DOI 10.1644/1545-1542(2005)086<0061:DOFBTP>2.0.CO;2.
Zubaid A. 1988a. Food habits of Hipposideros armiger (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) from Peninsular Malaysia. Mammalia 52(4):585–588.
Zubaid A. 1988b. Food habits of Hipposideros pomona (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) from peninsular Malaysia. Mammalia 52(1):134–137.
Zubaid A. 1990. Food and roosting habits of the black-bearded tomb bat, Taphozous melanopogon (Chiroptera: Emballonuridae) from Peninsular Malaysia. Mammalia 54(1):159–162.