Article (Scientific journals)
Memory suppression and its deficiency in psychological disorders: A focused meta-analysis
Stramaccia, Davide F.; Meyer, Ann-Kristin; RISCHER, Katharina Miriam et al.
2020In Journal of Experimental Psychology: General
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Abstract :
[en] It is still debated whether suppressing the retrieval of unwanted memories causes forgetting and whether this constitutes a beneficial mechanism. To shed light on these 2 questions, we scrutinize the evidence for such suppression-induced forgetting (SIF) and examine whether it is deficient in psychological disorders characterized by intrusive thoughts. Specifically, we performed a focused meta-analysis of studies that have used the think/no-think procedure to test SIF in individuals either affected by psychological disorders or exhibiting high scores on related traits. Overall, across 96 effects from 25 studies, we found that avoiding retrieval leads to significant forgetting in healthy individuals, with a small to moderate effect size (0.28, 95% CI [0.14, 0.43]). Importantly, this effect was indeed larger than for more anxious (−0.21, 95% CI [−0.41, −0.02]) or depressed individuals (0.05, 95% CI [−0.19, 0.29])—though estimates for the healthy may be inflated by publication bias. In contrast, individuals with a stronger repressive coping style showed greater SIF (0.42, 95% CI [0.32, 0.52]). Furthermore, moderator analyses revealed that SIF varied with the exact suppression mechanism that participants were instructed to engage. For healthy individuals, the effect sizes were considerably larger when instructions induced specific mechanisms of direct retrieval suppression or thought substitution than when they were unspecific. These results suggest that intact suppression-induced forgetting is a hallmark of psychological well-being, and that inducing more specific suppression mechanisms fosters voluntary forgetting.
Disciplines :
Theoretical & cognitive psychology
Author, co-author :
Stramaccia, Davide F.;  Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences > Max Planck Research Group - Adaptive Memory
Meyer, Ann-Kristin
RISCHER, Katharina Miriam ;  University of Luxembourg > Faculty of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences (FHSE) > Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences (DBCS)
Fawcett, Jonathan M.
Benoit, Roland G.
External co-authors :
yes
Language :
English
Title :
Memory suppression and its deficiency in psychological disorders: A focused meta-analysis
Publication date :
October 2020
Journal title :
Journal of Experimental Psychology: General
ISSN :
0096-3445
eISSN :
1939-2222
Publisher :
American Psychological Association, Washington, United States - District of Columbia
Peer reviewed :
Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi
Available on ORBilu :
since 22 January 2022

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