[en] Extremely low-resolution (e.g. one-bit) analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and digital-to-analog converters (DACs) can substantially reduce hardware cost and power consumption for MIMO radar especially with large scale antennas. In this paper, we focus on the detection performance analysis and joint design for the MIMO radar with one-bit ADCs and DACs. Specifically, under the assumption of low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and interference-to-noise ratio (INR), we derive the expressions of probability of detection ( Pd ) and probability of false alarm ( Pf ) for one-bit MIMO radar and also the theoretical performance gap to infinite-bit MIMO radars for the noise-only case. We further find that for a fixed Pf , Pd depends on the defined quantized signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (QSINR), which is a function of the transmit waveform and receive filter. Thus, an optimization problem arises naturally to maximize the QSINR by joint designing the waveform and filter. For the formulated problem, we propose an alternating waveform and filter design for QSINR maximization (GREET). At each iteration of GREET, the optimal receive filter is updated via the minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) method, and due to the difficulty in global optimality, an alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) based algorithm is devised to efficiently find a high-quality suboptimal one-bit waveform. Numerical simulations are consistent to the theoretical performance analysis and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design algorithm.
Disciplines :
Ingénierie électrique & électronique
Auteur, co-auteur :
Deng, Minglong
Cheng, Ziyang
WU, Linlong ; University of Luxembourg > Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SNT) > SPARC
Shankar, Bhavani
He, Zishu
Co-auteurs externes :
yes
Langue du document :
Anglais
Titre :
One-bit ADCs/DACs based MIMO radar: Performance analysis and joint design
Date de publication/diffusion :
2022
Titre du périodique :
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
Maison d'édition :
IEEE
Volume/Tome :
70
Pagination :
2609--2624
Peer reviewed :
Peer reviewed
Projet européen :
H2020 - 742648 - AGNOSTIC - Actively Enhanced Cognition based Framework for Design of Complex Systems
Projet FnR :
FNR12734677 - Signal Processing For Next Generation Radar, 2018 (01/09/2019-31/08/2022) - Bjorn Ottersten
J. Li and P. Stoica, "MIMO radar with colocated antennas," IEEE Signal Process. Mag., vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 106-114, Sep. 2007
J. Li, P. Stoica, L. Xu, and W. Roberts, "On parameter identifiability of MIMO radar," IEEE Signal Process. Lett., vol. 14, no. 12, pp. 968-971, Dec. 2007
X. Zhang, L. Xu, L. Xu, and D. Xu, "Direction of departure (DOD) and direction of arrival (DOA) estimation in MIMO radar with reduceddimensionMUSIC," IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 14, no. 12, pp. 1161-1163, Dec. 2010
A. Khabbazibasmenj, A. Hassanien, S. A. Vorobyov, andM.W.Morency, "Efficient transmit beamspace design for search-free based DOA estimation in MIMO radar," IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 62, no. 6, pp. 1490-1500, Mar. 2014
P. Stoica, J. Li, and Y. Xie, "On probing signal design for MIMO radar," IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 55, no. 8, pp. 4151-4161, Aug. 2007
D. Fuhrmann and G. S. Antonio, "Transmit beamforming forMIMO radar systems using signal cross-correlation," IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst., vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 171-186, Jan. 2008
S.Ahmed, J. S. Thompson,Y. R. Petillot, andB.Mulgrew, "Unconstrained synthesis of covariance matrix for MIMO radar transmit beampattern," IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 59, no. 8, pp. 3837-3849, Aug. 2011
A. Aubry, M. Lops, A. M. Tulino, and L. Venturino, "On MIMO detection under non-Gaussian target scattering," IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol. 56, no. 11, pp. 5822-5838, Nov. 2010
B. Friedlander,"Waveform design forMIMOradars," IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst., vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 1227-1238, Jul. 2007
J. Li, L. Xu, P. Stoica, K. Forsythe, and D. Bliss, "Range compression and waveform optimization for MIMO radar: A Cramér-Rao bound based study," IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 218-232, Jan. 2008
Z. Cheng, B. Liao, S. Shi, Z. He, and J. Li, "Co-design for overlaid MIMO radar and downlink MISO communication systems via Cramér-Rao bound minimization," IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 67, no. 24, pp. 6227-6240, Dec. 2019
Y. Yang and R. Blum, "MIMO radar waveform design based on mutual information and minimum mean-square error estimation," IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst., vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 330-343, Jan. 2007
A. De Maio and M. Lops, "Design principles of MIMO radar detectors," IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst., vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 886-898, Jul. 2007
B. Tang and J. Li, "Spectrally constrained MIMO radar waveform design based on mutual information," IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 67, no. 3, pp. 821-834, Feb. 2019
W. Rowe, P. Stoica, and J. Li, "Spectrally constrained waveform design [sp tips]," IEEE Signal Process. Mag., vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 157-162, May 2014
Y. Jing, J. Liang, D. Zhou, and H. C. So, "Spectrally constrained unimodular sequence design without spectral level mask," IEEE Signal Process. Lett., vol. 25, no. 7, pp. 1004-1008, Jul. 2018
L. Wu and D. P. Palomar, "Sequence design for spectral shaping via minimization of regularized spectral level ratio," IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 67, no. 18, pp. 4683-4695, Sep. 2019
T. Bouchoucha, S.Ahmed, T.Al-Naffouri, andM.-S. Alouini, "DFT-based closed-form covariance matrix and direct waveforms design for MIMO radar to achieve desired beampatterns," IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 65, no. 8, pp. 2104-2113, Apr. 2017
K. Alhujaili, V. Monga, and M. Rangaswamy, "Transmit MIMO radar beampattern design via optimization on the complex circle manifold," IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 67, no. 13, pp. 3561-3575, Jul. 2019
Z. Cheng, Z. He, S. Zhang, and J. Li, "Constant modulus waveform design for MIMO radar transmit beampattern," IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 65, no. 18, pp. 4912-4923, Sep. 2017
P. Stoica, H. He, and J. Li, "Optimization of the receive filter and transmit sequence for active sensing," IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 1730-1740, Apr. 2012
M. Soltanalian, B. Tang, J. Li, and P. Stoica, "Joint design of the receive filter and transmit sequence for active sensing," IEEE Signal Process. Lett., vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 423-426, May 2013
C.-Y. Chen and P. P. Vaidyanathan, "MIMO radar space-time adaptive processing using prolate spheroidal wave functions," IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 623-635, Feb. 2008
G. Cui, H. Li, and M. Rangaswamy, "MIMO radar waveform design with constantmodulus and similarity constraints," IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 62, no. 2, pp. 343-353, Jan. 2014
Z. Cheng, Z. He, B. Liao, and M. Fang, "MIMO radar waveform design with PAPR and similarity constraints," IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 66, no. 4, pp. 968-981, Feb. 2018
L. Wu, P. Babu, and D. P. Palomar, "Transmit waveform/receive filter design forMIMO radar with multiple waveform constraints," IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 66, no. 6, pp. 1526-1540, Mar. 2018
S. Boyd, "Distributed optimization and statistical learning via the alternating direction method of multipliers," Foundations Trends Mach. Learn., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1-122, 2010
R.Walden, "Analog-to-digital converter survey and analysis," IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 539-550, Apr. 1999
J. Hasch, E. Topak, R. Schnabel, T. Zwick,R.Weigel, andC.Waldschmidt, "Millimeter-wave technology for automotive radar sensors in the 77 GHz frequency band," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn., vol. 60, no. 3, pp. 845-860, Mar. 2012
Y. Yu, A. P. Petropulu, and H. V. Poor, "MIMO radar using compressive sampling," IEEE J. Sel. Topics Signal Process., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 146-163, Feb. 2010
M. Rossi, A.M. Haimovich, and Y. C. Eldar, "Spatial compressive sensing forMIMOradar," IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 62, no. 2, pp. 419-430, Jan. 2014
D. Cohen, D. Cohen, Y. C. Eldar, and A. M. Haimovich, "SUMMeR: Sub-Nyquist MIMO radar," IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 66, no. 16, pp. 4315-4330, Aug. 2018
K. V. Mishra, Y. C. Eldar, E. Shoshan, M. Namer, and M. Meltsin, "A cognitive sub-Nyquist MIMO radar prototype," IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst., vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 937-955, Apr. 2020
E. Candes and M. Wakin, "An introduction to compressive sampling," IEEE Signal Process. Mag., vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 21-30, Mar. 2008
C. Kong, A. Mezghani, C. Zhong, A. L. Swindlehurst, and Z. Zhang, "Nonlinear precoding for multipair relay networks with one-bit ADCs and DACs," IEEE Signal Process. Lett., vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 303-307, Feb. 2018
F. Sohrabi, Y.-F. Liu, and W. Yu, "One-bit precoding and constellation range design formassiveMIMOwithQAMsignaling," IEEE J. Sel. Topics Signal Process., vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 557-570, Jun. 2018
A. Mezghani and A. L. Swindlehurst, "Blind estimation of sparse broadband massive MIMO channels with ideal and one-bit ADCs," IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 66, no. 11, pp. 2972-2983, Jun. 2018
Y.-S. Jeon, N. Lee, S.-N. Hong, andR.W.Heath, "One-bit sphere decoding for uplink massive MIMO systems with one-bit ADCs," IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 17, no. 7, pp. 4509-4521, Jul. 2018
B. Zhao, L. Huang, and W. Bao, "One-bit SAR imaging based on singlefrequency thresholds," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 57, no. 9, pp. 7017-7032, Sep. 2019
B. Jin, J. Zhu, Q. Wu, Y. Zhang, and Z. Xu, "One-bit LFMCW radar: Spectrum analysis and target detection," IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst., vol. 56, no. 4, pp. 2732-2750, Aug. 2020
Z. Cheng, Z. He, and B. Liao, "Target detection performance of collocated MIMO radar with one-bit ADCs," IEEE Signal Process. Lett., vol. 26, no. 12, pp. 1832-1836, Dec. 2019
A. Ameri, A. Bose, J. Li, and M. Soltanalian, "One-bit radar processing with time-varying sampling thresholds," IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 67, no. 20, pp. 5297-5308, Oct. 2019
F. Xi, Y. Xiang, Z. Zhang, S. Chen, and A. Nehorai, "Joint angle and doppler frequency estimation for MIMO radar with one-bit sampling: A maximum likelihood-based method," IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst., vol. 56, no. 6, pp. 4734-4748, Dec. 2020
F. Xi, Y. Xiang, S. Chen, and A. Nehorai, "Gridless parameter estimation for one-bitMIMOradarwith time-varying thresholds," IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 68, pp. 1048-1063, 2020
S. Sedighi,K.V.Mishra, M. R. B. Shankar, andB.Ottersten, "Localization with one-bit passive radars in narrowband Internet-of-Things using multivariate polynomial optimization," IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 69, pp. 2525-2540, 2021
S. Sedighi, B. S. Mysore, R. M. Soltanalian, and B. Ottersten, "On the performance of one-bit DoA estimation via sparse linear arrays," IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 69, pp. 6165-6182, 2021
Z. Cheng, B. Liao, Z. He, and J. Li, "Transmit signal design for large-scale MIMO system with 1-bit DACs," IEEE Trans.Wireless Commun., vol. 18, no. 9, pp. 4466-4478, Sep. 2019
Z. Cheng, S. Shi, Z. He, and B. Liao, "Transmit sequence design for dualfunction radar-communication system with one-bit DACs," IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 20, no. 9, pp. 5846-5860, Sep. 2021
T. Wei, B. Liao, P. Xiao, and Z. Cheng, "Transmit beampattern synthesis for MIMO radar with one-bit DACs," in Proc. 28th Eur. Signal Process. Conf., 2021, pp. 1827-1830
H. L. Van Trees, Optimum Array Processing: Part IV of Detection, Estimation, and Modulation Theory. Hoboken, NJ, USA: Wiley, 2004
P. Billingsley, Probability and Measure. Hoboken, NJ, USA:Wiley, 2008
M. A. Richards, Fundamentals of Radar Signal Processing. New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill Education, 2014
Y. Sun, P. Babu, and D. P. Palomar, "Majorization-minimization algorithms in signal processing, communications, and machine learning," IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 65, no. 3, pp. 794-816, Feb. 2017
C.-Y. Chi, W.-C. Li, and C.-H. Lin, Convex Optimization for Signal Processing and Communications: From Fundamentals to Applications. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press, 2017
L. T. N. Landau and R. C. de Lamare, "Branch-and-bound precoding for multiuser MIMO systems with 1-bit quantization," IEEE Wireless Commun. Lett., vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 770-773, Dec. 2017
A. Li, F. Liu,C.Masouros,Y. Li, andB.Vucetic, "Interference exploitation 1-bitmassive MIMO precoding:Apartial branch-and-bound solutionwith near-optimal performance," IEEE Trans.Wireless Commun., vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 3474-3489, May 2020
J. Israel and A. Fischer, "Discrete worst-case SINR-maximization," in Proc. IEEE 17th Int. Conf. UbiquitousWireless Broadband, 2017, pp. 1-5
Z.-Q. Luo,W.-k.Ma, A. So, Y. Ye, and S. Zhang, "Semidefinite relaxation of quadratic optimization problems," IEEE Signal Process. Mag., vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 20-34, May 2010
M. Hong, M. Razaviyayn, Z. Q. Luo, and J. S. Pang, "A unified algorithmic framework for block-structured optimization involving big data: With applications in machine learning and signal processing," IEEE Signal Process. Mag., vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 57-77, Jan. 2016
S. Boyd and L. Vandenberghe, Convex Optimization. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2004
M. Riccardi, "Solution of cubic and quartic equations," Formalized Math., vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 117-122, 2009
J. Sherman and W. J. Morrison, "Adjustment of an inverse matrix corresponding to a change in one element of a given matrix," Ann. Math. Statist., vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 124-127, 1950
