On the Possibility of Non-Interactive E-Voting in the Public-key Setting

In 2010 Hao, Ryan and Zielinski proposed a simple decentralized
e-voting protocol that only requires 2 rounds of communication.
Thus, for k elections their protocol needs 2k rounds of communication.
Observing that the first round of their protocol is aimed to establish
the public-keys of the voters, we propose an extension of the protocol
as a non-interactive e-voting scheme in the public-key setting (NIVS)
in which the voters, after having published their public-keys, can use
the corresponding secret-keys to participate in an arbitrary number of
one-round elections.
We first construct a NIVS with a standard tally function where the
number of votes for each candidate is counted.
Further, we present constructions for two alternative types of elections.
Specifically in the first type (dead or alive elections) the tally shows if at
least one voter cast a vote for the candidate. In the second one (elections
by unanimity), the tally shows if all voters cast a vote for the candidate.
Our constructions are based on bilinear groups of prime order.
As definitional contribution we provide formal computational definitions
for privacy and verifiability of NIVSs. We conclude by showing intriguing
relations between our results, secure computation, electronic exams and
conference management systems