References of "E-prints/Working papers"      in Complete repository Arts & humanities   Archaeology   Art & art history   Classical & oriental studies   History   Languages & linguistics   Literature   Performing arts   Philosophy & ethics   Religion & theology   Multidisciplinary, general & others Business & economic sciences   Accounting & auditing   Production, distribution & supply chain management   Finance   General management & organizational theory   Human resources management   Management information systems   Marketing   Strategy & innovation   Quantitative methods in economics & management   General economics & history of economic thought   International economics   Macroeconomics & monetary economics   Microeconomics   Economic systems & public economics   Social economics   Special economic topics (health, labor, transportation…)   Multidisciplinary, general & others Engineering, computing & technology   Aerospace & aeronautics engineering   Architecture   Chemical engineering   Civil engineering   Computer science   Electrical & electronics engineering   Energy   Geological, petroleum & mining engineering   Materials science & engineering   Mechanical engineering   Multidisciplinary, general & others Human health sciences   Alternative medicine   Anesthesia & intensive care   Cardiovascular & respiratory systems   Dentistry & oral medicine   Dermatology   Endocrinology, metabolism & nutrition   Forensic medicine   Gastroenterology & hepatology   General & internal medicine   Geriatrics   Hematology   Immunology & infectious disease   Laboratory medicine & medical technology   Neurology   Oncology   Ophthalmology   Orthopedics, rehabilitation & sports medicine   Otolaryngology   Pediatrics   Pharmacy, pharmacology & toxicology   Psychiatry   Public health, health care sciences & services   Radiology, nuclear medicine & imaging   Reproductive medicine (gynecology, andrology, obstetrics)   Rheumatology   Surgery   Urology & nephrology   Multidisciplinary, general & others Law, criminology & political science   Civil law   Criminal law & procedure   Criminology   Economic & commercial law   European & international law   Judicial law   Metalaw, Roman law, history of law & comparative law   Political science, public administration & international relations   Public law   Social law   Tax law   Multidisciplinary, general & others Life sciences   Agriculture & agronomy   Anatomy (cytology, histology, embryology...) & physiology   Animal production & animal husbandry   Aquatic sciences & oceanology   Biochemistry, biophysics & molecular biology   Biotechnology   Entomology & pest control   Environmental sciences & ecology   Food science   Genetics & genetic processes   Microbiology   Phytobiology (plant sciences, forestry, mycology...)   Veterinary medicine & animal health   Zoology   Multidisciplinary, general & others Physical, chemical, mathematical & earth Sciences   Chemistry   Earth sciences & physical geography   Mathematics   Physics   Space science, astronomy & astrophysics   Multidisciplinary, general & others Social & behavioral sciences, psychology   Animal psychology, ethology & psychobiology   Anthropology   Communication & mass media   Education & instruction   Human geography & demography   Library & information sciences   Neurosciences & behavior   Regional & inter-regional studies   Social work & social policy   Sociology & social sciences   Social, industrial & organizational psychology   Theoretical & cognitive psychology   Treatment & clinical psychology   Multidisciplinary, general & others     Showing results 201 to 300 of 1565     1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8     Some uniform bounds for elliptic curves over QLombardo, Davide; Tronto, Sebastiano E-print/Working paper (2021)We give explicit uniform bounds for several quantities relevant to the study of Galois representations attached to elliptic curves E/Q. We consider in particular the subgroup of scalars in the image of ... [more ▼]We give explicit uniform bounds for several quantities relevant to the study of Galois representations attached to elliptic curves E/Q. We consider in particular the subgroup of scalars in the image of Galois, the first Galois cohomology group with values in the torsion of E, and the Kummer extensions generated by points of infinite order in E(Q). [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 69 (1 UL) Projected Inventory Level Policies for Lost Sales Inventory Systems: Asymptotic Optimality in Two Regimesvan Jaarsveld, Willem; Arts, Joachim E-print/Working paper (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 73 (7 UL) How Many Replicators Does It Take to Achieve Reliability? Investigating Researcher Variability in a Crowdsourced ReplicationBreznau, Nate; Rinke, Eike Mark; Wuttke, Alexander et alE-print/Working paper (2021)The paper reports findings from a crowdsourced replication. Eighty-four replicator teams attempted to verify results reported in an original study by running the same models with the same data. The ... [more ▼]The paper reports findings from a crowdsourced replication. Eighty-four replicator teams attempted to verify results reported in an original study by running the same models with the same data. The replication involved an experimental condition. A “transparent” group received the original study and code, and an “opaque” group received the same underlying study but with only a methods section and description of the regression coefficients without size or significance, and no code. The transparent group mostly verified the original study (95.5%), while the opaque group had less success (89.4%). Qualitative investigation of the replicators’ workflows reveals many causes of non-verification. Two categories of these causes are hypothesized, routine and non-routine. After correcting non-routine errors in the research process to ensure that the results reflect a level of quality that should be present in ‘real-world’ research, the rate of verification was 96.1 in the transparent group and 92.4 in the opaque group. Two conclusions follow: (1) Although high, the verification rate suggests that it would take a minimum of three replicators per study to achieve replication reliability of at least 95 confidence assuming ecological validity in this controlled setting, and (2) like any type of scientific research, replication is prone to errors that derive from routine and undeliberate actions in the research process. The latter suggests that idiosyncratic researcher variability might provide a key to understanding part of the “reliability crisis” in social and behavioral science and is a reminder of the importance of transparent and well documented workflows. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 78 (5 UL) Factoring Primes to Factor Moduli: Backdooring and Distributed Generation of SemiprimesVitto, Giuseppe E-print/Working paper (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 53 (5 UL) Adversarial Robustness in Multi-Task Learning: Promises and IllusionsGhamizi, Salah ; Cordy, Maxime ; Papadakis, Mike et alE-print/Working paper (2021)Vulnerability to adversarial attacks is a well-known weakness of Deep Neural networks. While most of the studies focus on single-task neural networks with computer vision datasets, very little research ... [more ▼]Vulnerability to adversarial attacks is a well-known weakness of Deep Neural networks. While most of the studies focus on single-task neural networks with computer vision datasets, very little research has considered complex multi-task models that are common in real applications. In this paper, we evaluate the design choices that impact the robustness of multi-task deep learning networks. We provide evidence that blindly adding auxiliary tasks, or weighing the tasks provides a false sense of robustness. Thereby, we tone down the claim made by previous research and study the different factors which may affect robustness. In particular, we show that the choice of the task to incorporate in the loss function are important factors that can be leveraged to yield more robust models. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 122 (8 UL) Cerebro: Static Subsuming Mutant SelectionGarg, Aayush ; Ojdanic, Milos ; Degiovanni, Renzo Gaston et alE-print/Working paper (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 86 (28 UL) Exploring the Possibility of Interplay between Different Types of Control: Connecting Political and Judicial Accountability in the Case of EASAMustert, Lisette ; Scholten, MiroslavaE-print/Working paper (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 10 (0 UL) Indeterminacies and models of homotopy limitsGovzmann, Alisa ; Pistalo, Damjan ; Poncin, Norbert E-print/Working paper (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 88 (14 UL) Discovering Pesticides and their Transformation Products in Luxembourg Waters using Open Cheminformatics ApproachesKrier, Jessy ; Singh, Randolph ; Kondic, Todor et alE-print/Working paper (2021)Abstract The diversity of hundreds of thousands of potential organic pollutants and the lack of (publicly available) information about many of them is a huge challenge for environmental sciences ... [more ▼]Abstract The diversity of hundreds of thousands of potential organic pollutants and the lack of (publicly available) information about many of them is a huge challenge for environmental sciences, engineering, and regulation. Suspect screening based on high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) has enormous potential to help characterize the presence of these chemicals in our environment, enabling the detection of known and newly emerging pollutants, as well as their potential transformation products (TPs). Here, suspect list creation (focusing on pesticides relevant for Luxembourg, incorporating data sources in 4 languages) was coupled to an automated retrieval of related TPs from PubChem based on high confidence suspect hits, to screen for pesticides and their TPs in Luxembourgish river samples. A computational workflow was established to combine LC-HRMS analysis and pre-screening of the suspects (including automated quality control steps), with spectral annotation to determine which pesticides and, in a second step, their related TPs may be present in the samples. The data analysis with Shinyscreen (https://git-r3lab.uni.lu/eci/shinyscreen/), an open source software developed in house, coupled with custom-made scripts, revealed the presence of 162 potential pesticide masses and 135 potential TP masses in the samples. Further identification of these mass matches was performed using the open source MetFrag (https://msbi.ipb-halle.de/MetFrag/). Eventual target analysis of 36 suspects resulted in 31 pesticides and TPs confirmed at Level-1 (highest confidence), and five pesticides and TPs not confirmed due to different retention times. Spatio-temporal analysis of the results showed that TPs and pesticides followed similar trends, with a maximum number of potential detections in July. The highest detections were in the rivers Alzette and Mess and the lowest in the Sûre and Eisch. This study (a) added pesticides, classification information and related TPs into the open domain, (b) developed automated open source retrieval methods - both enhancing FAIRness (Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability and Reusability) of the data and methods; and (c) will directly support “L’Administration de la Gestion de l’Eau” on further monitoring steps in Luxembourg. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 64 (3 UL) Dynamic Hedging for the Real Option Management of Hydropower Storage Operations with Exchange Rate RisksLöhndorf, Nils E-print/Working paper (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 66 (4 UL) Phase transitions and noise sensitivity on the Poisson space via stopping sets and decision treesLast, Guenter; Peccati, Giovanni ; Yogeshwaran, DhandapaniE-print/Working paper (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 59 (5 UL) Analysis: “A new perspective on the protection of whistleblowers under the ECHR: Halet v. Luxembourg”Kafteranis, Dimitrios E-print/Working paper (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 76 (0 UL) A Mixture of Generative Models Strategy Helps Humans Generalize across TasksHerce Castañón, Santiago; Cardoso-Leite, Pedro ; Altarelli, Irene et alE-print/Working paper (2021)What role do generative models play in generalization of learning in humans? Our novel multi-task prediction paradigm—where participants complete four sequence learning tasks, each being a different ... [more ▼]What role do generative models play in generalization of learning in humans? Our novel multi-task prediction paradigm—where participants complete four sequence learning tasks, each being a different instance of a common generative family—allows the separate study of within-task learning (i.e., finding the solution to each of the tasks), and across-task learning (i.e., learning a task differently because of past experiences). The very first responses participants make in each task are not yet affected by within-task learning and thus reflect their priors. Our results show that these priors change across successive tasks, increasingly resembling the underlying generative family. We conceptualize multi-task learning as arising from a mixture-of-generative-models learning strategy, whereby participants simultaneously entertain multiple candidate models which compete against each other to explain the experienced sequences. This framework predicts specific error patterns, as well as a gating mechanism for learning, both of which are observed in the data. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 59 (5 UL) Occurrence and Distribution of Pharmaceuticals and their Transformation Products in Luxembourgish Surface WatersSingh, Randolph ; Lai, Adelene ; Krier, Jessy et alE-print/Working paper (2021)This pre-print describes the analysis of pharmaceuticals and their transformation products in surface water samples collected in Luxembourg from 2019 to 2020. Details of the experimental and computational ... [more ▼]This pre-print describes the analysis of pharmaceuticals and their transformation products in surface water samples collected in Luxembourg from 2019 to 2020. Details of the experimental and computational tools and workflows used are fully described in the manuscript. Links to the suspect lists, codes used, and data files are also provided. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 35 (0 UL) The Seventh International Olympiad in Cryptography NSUCRYPTO: problems and solutionsGorodilova, Anastasiya; Tokareva, Natalia N.; Agievich, Sergey et alE-print/Working paper (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 40 (0 UL) Central limit theorem for a birth-growth model with Poisson arrivals and random growth speed.Bhattacharjee, Chinmoy ; Molchanov, Ilya; Turin, RiccardoE-print/Working paper (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 45 (0 UL) The Hidden Lattice ProblemNotarnicola, Luca ; Wiese, Gabor E-print/Working paper (2021)We consider the problem of revealing a small hidden lattice from the knowledge of a low-rank sublattice modulo a given sufficiently large integer -- the {\em Hidden Lattice Problem}. A central motivation ... [more ▼]We consider the problem of revealing a small hidden lattice from the knowledge of a low-rank sublattice modulo a given sufficiently large integer -- the {\em Hidden Lattice Problem}. A central motivation of study for this problem is the Hidden Subset Sum Problem, whose hardness is essentially determined by that of the hidden lattice problem. We describe and compare two algorithms for the hidden lattice problem: we first adapt the algorithm by Nguyen and Stern for the hidden subset sum problem, based on orthogonal lattices, and propose a new variant, which we explain to be related by duality in lattice theory. Following heuristic, rigorous and practical analyses, we find that our new algorithm brings some advantages as well as a competitive alternative for algorithms for problems with cryptographic interest, such as Approximate Common Divisor Problems, and the Hidden Subset Sum Problem. Finally, we study variations of the problem and highlight its relevance to cryptanalysis. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 46 (0 UL) Fashion ID and decisively influencing Facebook plugins: A fair approach to single and joint controllership or the introduction of unbearable burdens in the name of illusory user-control?De Hert, Paul; Bouchagiar, Georgios E-print/Working paper (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 42 (0 UL) Gaussian fluctuation for Gaussian Wishart matrices of overall correlationNourdin, Ivan ; Pu, FeiE-print/Working paper (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 83 (2 UL) A Principles-based Approach to the Governance of BigFintechsZetzsche, Dirk Andreas ; Arner, Douglas; Buckley, Ross et alE-print/Working paper (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 39 (1 UL) Efficient and Transferable Adversarial Examples from Bayesian Neural NetworksGubri, Martin ; Cordy, Maxime ; Papadakis, Mike et alE-print/Working paper (2021)An established way to improve the transferability of black-box evasion attacks is to craft the adversarial examples on a surrogate ensemble model to increase diversity. We argue that transferability is ... [more ▼]An established way to improve the transferability of black-box evasion attacks is to craft the adversarial examples on a surrogate ensemble model to increase diversity. We argue that transferability is fundamentally related to epistemic uncertainty. Based on a state-of-the-art Bayesian Deep Learning technique, we propose a new method to efficiently build a surrogate by sampling approximately from the posterior distribution of neural network weights, which represents the belief about the value of each parameter. Our extensive experiments on ImageNet and CIFAR-10 show that our approach improves the transfer rates of four state-of-the-art attacks significantly (up to 62.1 percentage points), in both intra-architecture and inter-architecture cases. On ImageNet, our approach can reach 94% of transfer rate while reducing training computations from 11.6 to 2.4 exaflops, compared to an ensemble of independently trained DNNs. Our vanilla surrogate achieves 87.5% of the time higher transferability than 3 test-time techniques designed for this purpose. Our work demonstrates that the way to train a surrogate has been overlooked although it is an important element of transfer-based attacks. We are, therefore, the first to review the effectiveness of several training methods in increasing transferability. We provide new directions to better understand the transferability phenomenon and offer a simple but strong baseline for future work. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 33 (1 UL) PROJECT WARLUX Ambiguities in biographies of Luxembourgish conscripts during and after WWIIJanz, Nina E-print/Working paper (2021)More than 10,000 Luxembourgish soldiers and recruits and an unknown number of Luxembourgish men and women wore German uniforms during WWII in armed forces and civil organisations, such as the Wehrmacht ... [more ▼]More than 10,000 Luxembourgish soldiers and recruits and an unknown number of Luxembourgish men and women wore German uniforms during WWII in armed forces and civil organisations, such as the Wehrmacht, Waffen-SS, armed police forces and the Reichsarbeitsdienst (RAD). The "WARLUX" project, based at the University of Luxembourg in the Luxembourg Centre for Contemporary and Digital History (C2DH), intends to collect the biographical data of Luxembourgers who were drafted into the German Army and the Labour Service. Around 3,000 young men and women are used in a case study to research their biographies and individual stories during the war, highlight different approaches to researching World War II, and show different résumés and personal experiences during this period. WARLUX aims to review the categories that have tended to be used in the national history discourse. For these women and men were called different like "forced recruit", "volunteer", "réfractaire" and "déserteur" were used, next to mentions of "Mort la patrie" for whom who died in German uniform. Are these terms appropriate to describe the experiences of these individuals, or do they need to be elucidated and challenged? Who were the people behind these abstract terms? What were their individual experiences, stories, reactions, choices, contradictions and survival strategies during and after World War II (Tames 2016)? The term "forced recruit" has come to suggest the general victim status of all conscripted Luxembourgish soldiers. In this content between the dualism of the official narrative and the historiography of the last decades, the project WARLUX wants to apply another concept: "situative opportunism", to question the cumulative heroism and the power of collective forms of decision-making in "forced environments", like the enrolment of young women and men (Fickers/Brüll, 2019). Following the biographical approach by analysing documents and personal views (letters, diaries), Andreas Fickers and Christoph Brüll (2019) use the term "situative opportunism" to emphasise the link between biographical research and sociological decision theory. Based on Schimank (2005), the authors state that every historical actor has multiple options in a complex decision-making process; these decisions are not necessarily egoist, neither the result of external constraints, but grounded in a situational logic of doing what seems most suitable in this very moment. The project is still in the initial phase but will soon deepen the analysis of the biographies of the individuals using the term "situational opportunism". With the application for the conference, the project team would like to discuss other approaches and start an exchange about other/opposite concepts. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 41 (0 UL) Batch Learning in Stochastic Dual Dynamic ProgrammingAvila, Daniel; Papavasiliou, Anthona; Löhndorf, Nils E-print/Working paper (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 33 (1 UL) Tax competition and phantom FDIZanaj, Skerdilajda E-print/Working paper (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 348 (43 UL) On deformation quantization of quadratic Poisson structuresMerkoulov (merkulov), Serguei ; Khoroshkin, AntonE-print/Working paper (2021)We study the deformation complex of the dg wheeled properad of Z-graded quadratic Poisson structures and prove that it is quasi-isomorphic to the even M. Kontsevich graph complex. As a first application ... [more ▼]We study the deformation complex of the dg wheeled properad of Z-graded quadratic Poisson structures and prove that it is quasi-isomorphic to the even M. Kontsevich graph complex. As a first application we show that the Grothendieck-Teichmüller group acts on the genus completion of that wheeled properad faithfully and essentially transitively. As a second application we classify all universal quantizations of Z-graded quadratic Poisson structures together with the underlying (so called) homogeneous formality maps. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 86 (0 UL) Genetic Diversity and Performance: Evidence From Football DataZanaj, Skerdilajda ; Beine, Michel ; Peracchi, Silvia E-print/Working paper (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 212 (23 UL) Dynamic Universal Accumulator with Batch Update over Bilinear GroupsVitto, Giuseppe ; Biryukov, Alexei E-print/Working paper (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 37 (2 UL) Nonparametric needlet estimation for partial derivatives of a probability density function on the d-torusDurastanti, Claudio; Turchi, Nicola E-print/Working paper (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 43 (0 UL) The Long-Term Effect of Research Grants on the Scientific Output of University ProfessorsHussinger, Katrin ; Carvalho, J.N.E-print/Working paper (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 129 (9 UL) Coffee, smoking and aspirin are associated with age at onset and clinical severity in idiopathic Parkinson’s diseaseGabbert, Carolin; König, Inke; Lüth, Theresa et alE-print/Working paper (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 43 (3 UL) Limit theorems for additive functionals of the fractional Brownian motionJaramillo, Arturo; Nourdin, Ivan ; Nualart, David et alE-print/Working paper (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 37 (1 UL) From Centralized to Decentralized Finance: The Issue of “Fake-DeFi”Zetzsche, Dirk Andreas ; Anker-Sorensen, LinnE-print/Working paper (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 59 (3 UL) Uncertainty-driven symmetry-breaking and stochastic stability in a generic differential game of lobbyingBoucekkine, Raouf; Prieur, Fabien; Ruan, Weihua et alE-print/Working paper (2021)We study a 2-players stochastic differential game of lobbying. Players have opposite interests; at any date, each player invests in lobbying activities to alter the legislation, the continuous state ... [more ▼]We study a 2-players stochastic differential game of lobbying. Players have opposite interests; at any date, each player invests in lobbying activities to alter the legislation, the continuous state variable of the game, in her own benefit. The payoffs are quadratic and uncertainty is driven by a Wiener process. We prove that while a symmetric Markov Perfect Equilibrium (MPE) always exists, (two) asymmetric MPE only emerge when uncertainty is large enough. In the latter case, the legislative state converges to a stationary invariant distribution. We fully characterize existence and stochastic stability of the legislative state for both types of MPE. We finally study the implications for rent dissipation asymptotically. We show in particular that while the average rent dissipation is lower with asymmetric equilibria relative to the symmetric, the former yield larger losses at the most likely asymptotic states for large enough but moderate uncertainty. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 165 (18 UL) Traces and memories of an ongoing pandemic – Yes We CareMajerus, Benoît in HumaMed@Larca (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 59 (10 UL) Border or bordering practice? Changing perspectives on borders and challenges of praxeological approachesConnor, Ulla E-print/Working paper (2021)In Border Studies, the ongoing discussions on methodological and theoretical questions have led to the development of transformed approaches and vocabulary for border research. This contribution ... [more ▼]In Border Studies, the ongoing discussions on methodological and theoretical questions have led to the development of transformed approaches and vocabulary for border research. This contribution highlights the shift from ‘border’ to ‘bordering practice’ and questions its sources in the scientific context, such as the cultural turn and the related practice turn. Despite the popular use of the term ‘practice’ in Border Studies, sociological practice theories are not at the center of the development of dynamic concepts for studying borders. The article emphasizes the compatibility of sociological practice theories with the practice and process orientation in Border Studies. It gives a short overview of praxeological thinking in sociology and identifies methodological challenges for Border Studies targeting the development of praxeological re-search perspectives for borders. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 97 (7 UL) The Weyl problem for unbounded convex domains in $\HH^3$Schlenker, Jean-Marc E-print/Working paper (2021)Let $K\subset \HH^3$ be a convex subset in $\HH^3$ with smooth, strictly convex boundary. The induced metric on $\partial K$ then has curvature $K>-1$. It was proved by Alexandrov that if $K$ is bounded ... [more ▼]Let $K\subset \HH^3$ be a convex subset in $\HH^3$ with smooth, strictly convex boundary. The induced metric on $\partial K$ then has curvature $K>-1$. It was proved by Alexandrov that if $K$ is bounded, then it is uniquely determined by the induced metric on the boundary, and any smooth metric with curvature $K>-1$ can be obtained. We propose here an extension of the existence part of this result to unbounded convex domains in $\HH^3$. The induced metric on $\partial K$ is then clearly not sufficient to determine $K$. However one can consider a richer data on the boundary including the ideal boundary of $K$. Specifically, we consider the data composed of the conformal structure on the boundary of $K$ in the Poincar\'e model of $\HH^3$, together with the induced metric on $\partial K$. We show that a wide range of "reasonable" data of this type, satisfying mild curvature conditions, can be realized on the boundary of a convex subset in $\HH^3$. We do not consider here the uniqueness of a convex subset with given boundary data. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 33 (0 UL) Research Frameworks in Comparative Public Law: Law as Category, as Source and as VariableHofmann, Herwig E-print/Working paper (2021)This chapter outlines some basic approaches to identifying frameworks of comparative research. It first argues that establishing comparative frameworks is a task ubiquitous to legal methodology. The ... [more ▼]This chapter outlines some basic approaches to identifying frameworks of comparative research. It first argues that establishing comparative frameworks is a task ubiquitous to legal methodology. The framework is the decisive factor identifying the comparators and allowing assessment of similarities and differences. The framework allows identification of what to compare, how many commonalities the comparators have to start with, and how ‘foreign’ the two elements subject to comparison may be, so as to facilitate meaningful comparison. The chapter thus shows how comparative frameworks are flexible in serving the objectives defined by comparative scholars. This fluid feature of the framework of comparison and the relatively ubiquitous nature of the comparative method is the backdrop to the discussions in this chapter, critically reviewing three major frameworks identified by the objectives of the comparative approach: law as ‘category’, as ‘source’, and as ‘variable’. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 83 (1 UL) La démographie de la Grande Région SaarLorLuxHelfer, Malte ; Pauly, Michel ; Caruso, Geoffrey E-print/Working paper (2021)This article is an extract from the Report on the Economic and Social Situation of the Greater Region 2013/2014 for the Economic and Social Committee of the Greater Region (CESGR) (IBA/OIE, 2014, p.3-10 ... [more ▼]This article is an extract from the Report on the Economic and Social Situation of the Greater Region 2013/2014 for the Economic and Social Committee of the Greater Region (CESGR) (IBA/OIE, 2014, p.3-10). The maps show the population density in the Greater Region on 1 January 2013, the population of working age on 1 January 2012 and the evolution of the total population 2000-2013 in % (Lorraine employment areas 1999-2011), calculated by the Interregional Labour Market Observatory IOE. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 55 (0 UL) Syntactic Vs. Semantic similarity of Artificial and Real Faults in Mutation Testing StudiesOjdanic, Milos ; Garg, Aayush ; Khanfir, Ahmed et alE-print/Working paper (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 77 (17 UL) Innovation in Malmö after the Öresund BridgeEjermo, Olof; Hussinger, Katrin ; Kalash, Basheer et alE-print/Working paper (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 77 (28 UL) Post-Quantum Secure LFE for L/poly with Smaller ParametersNaccache, David; Rosie, Razvan ; Spignoli, Lorenzo E-print/Working paper (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 171 (7 UL) All in one stroke? Intervention Spaces for Dark PatternsRossi, Arianna ; Bongard, Kerstin E-print/Working paper (2021)This position paper draws from the complexity of dark patterns to develop arguments for differentiated interventions. We propose a matrix of interventions with a \textit{measure axis} (from user-directed ... [more ▼]This position paper draws from the complexity of dark patterns to develop arguments for differentiated interventions. We propose a matrix of interventions with a \textit{measure axis} (from user-directed to environment-directed) and a \textit{scope axis} (from general to specific). We furthermore discuss a set of interventions situated in different fields of the intervention spaces. The discussions at the 2021 CHI workshop "What can CHI do about dark patterns?" should help hone the matrix structure and fill its fields with specific intervention proposals. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 127 (10 UL) Post-quantum Efficient Proof for Graph 3-Coloring ProblemEbrahimi, Ehsan E-print/Working paper (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 38 (9 UL) European Border Region Studies in Times of BorderizationWille, Christian E-print/Working paper (2021)The text originates from a time of borderization, at global level and at the EU’s internal borders. At the latest since covidfencing began in the spring of 2020, many Europeans have become familiar with ... [more ▼]The text originates from a time of borderization, at global level and at the EU’s internal borders. At the latest since covidfencing began in the spring of 2020, many Europeans have become familiar with border experiences and the practices of civic contestation of borders. With that in mind, the text argues that it is necessary to open European border region studies to the contestation of borders, for which it should enter into dialogue with international (and critical) border studies. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 125 (3 UL) Towards AI Logic for Social ReasoningDong, Huimin; Markovich, Réka ; van der Torre, Leon E-print/Working paper (2021)Artificial Intelligence (AI) logic formalizes the reasoning of intelligent agents. In this paper, we discuss how an argumentation-based AI logic could be used also to formalize important aspects of social ... [more ▼]Artificial Intelligence (AI) logic formalizes the reasoning of intelligent agents. In this paper, we discuss how an argumentation-based AI logic could be used also to formalize important aspects of social reasoning. Besides reasoning about the knowledge and actions of individual agents, social AI logic can reason also about social dependencies among agents using the rights, obligations and permissions of the agents. We discuss four aspects of social AI logic. First, we discuss how rights represent relations between the obligations and permissions of intelligent agents. Second, we discuss how to argue about the right-to-know, a central issue in the recent discussion of privacy and ethics. Third, we discuss how a wide variety of conflicts among intelligent agents can be identified and (sometimes) resolved by comparing formal arguments. Importantly, to cover a wide range of arguments occurring in daily life, also fallacious arguments can be represented and reasoned about. Fourth, we discuss how to argue about the freedom to act for intelligent agents. Examples from social, legal and ethical reasoning highlight the challenges in developing social AI logic. The discussion of the four challenges leads to a research program for argumentation-based social AI logic, contributing towards the future development of AI logic. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 45 (1 UL) Rapid Artificial Intelligence Solutions in a Pandemic - The COVID-19-20 Lung CT Lesion Segmentation Challenge.Roth, Holger; Xu, Ziyue; Diez, Carlos Tor et alE-print/Working paper (2021)Artificial intelligence (AI) methods for the automatic detection and quantification of COVID-19 lesions in chest computed tomography (CT) might play an important role in the monitoring and management of ... [more ▼]Artificial intelligence (AI) methods for the automatic detection and quantification of COVID-19 lesions in chest computed tomography (CT) might play an important role in the monitoring and management of the disease. We organized an international challenge and competition for the development and comparison of AI algorithms for this task, which we supported with public data and state-of-the-art benchmark methods. Board Certified Radiologists annotated 295 public images from two sources (A and B) for algorithms training (n=199, source A), validation (n=50, source A) and testing (n=23, source A; n=23, source B). There were 1,096 registered teams of which 225 and 98 completed the validation and testing phases, respectively. The challenge showed that AI models could be rapidly designed by diverse teams with the potential to measure disease or facilitate timely and patient-specific interventions. This paper provides an overview and the major outcomes of the COVID-19 Lung CT Lesion Segmentation Challenge - 2020. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 44 (0 UL) THE EU SUSTAINABLE FINANCE FRAMEWORK IN LIGHT OF INTERNATIONAL STANDARDSBodellini, Marco E-print/Working paper (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 43 (0 UL) A Survey of Requirements for COVID-19 Mitigation Strategies. Part II: Elicitation of RequirementsJamroga, Wojciech E-print/Working paper (2021)The COVID-19 pandemic has influenced virtually all aspects of our lives. Across the world, countries have applied various mitigation strategies, based on social, political, and technological instruments ... [more ▼]The COVID-19 pandemic has influenced virtually all aspects of our lives. Across the world, countries have applied various mitigation strategies, based on social, political, and technological instruments. We postulate that multi-agent systems can provide a common platform to study (and balance) their essential properties. We also show how to obtain a comprehensive list of the properties by distilling'' them from media snippets. Finally, we present a preliminary take on their formal specification, using ideas from multi-agent logics. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 67 (9 UL) Parent-Teacher Partnerships, Collaboration with Families, Parental Participation: Day Care–Family Relations from the Perspective of Inequality Research. Kind-heitsforschung – Working Paper 1.Betz, Tanja; Bischoff-Papst, Stefanie; Bollig, Sabine et alE-print/Working paper (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 45 (5 UL) Tropical Fock-Goncharov coordinates for SL3-webs on surfaces II: naturalitySun, Zhe ; Douglas, Daniel C.E-print/Working paper (2020)Detailed reference viewed: 51 (0 UL) Remuneration Debacle at the International Criminal Court: Should ICC Judges Get a Pay Rise? Part IIOwiso, Owiso E-print/Working paper (2020)Detailed reference viewed: 39 (0 UL) Remuneration Debacle at the International Criminal Court: Should ICC Judges Get a Pay Rise? Part IOwiso, Owiso E-print/Working paper (2020)Detailed reference viewed: 39 (1 UL) ESG Data and Reporting in the Forefront of Sustainability: Challenges and the Way ForwardAlexandraki, Chrysa E-print/Working paper (2020)Detailed reference viewed: 82 (3 UL) Exploring Governance Issues between the SRB and the ESM in the Use of the Common BackstopLupinu, Pier Mario E-print/Working paper (2020)To date, the resolution of the Banco Popular Español, being the first and only resolution case in the euro area, has had the “benefit” of bringing to light several shortfalls of this crisis management ... [more ▼]To date, the resolution of the Banco Popular Español, being the first and only resolution case in the euro area, has had the “benefit” of bringing to light several shortfalls of this crisis management system. Back then, thanks to the sale of business, the need of the use of the Single Resolution Fund (SRF) has been avoided, prompting criticism on whether the fund had sufficient means to overcome a major widespread crisis. During the period elapsed from the last financial crisis, the euro area banking sector has built capital and liquidity buffers, which were aimed at protecting them for future shocks. Although it is now widely accepted that crises are of a cyclical nature, new risks and the high interconnectivity of today’s economic activities brought an unexpected crisis due to the current pandemic. The consequences of this unprecedented event in modern history had severe effects to the worldwide economy, mostly for the boundless block of labour activities, which caused severe losses for households, enterprises and governments that consequently affected the financial intermediation function of the banks. Concerning the European Stability Mechanism (ESM), the current pandemic has had the effect to put temporary on hold the discussion on the revision of the ESM Treaty, including its role as a Backstop to the SRF, so that the Mechanism could experience a new role through the ESM Pandemic Crisis Support. In such a framework, this paper aims to bring back the attention to the unfinished path in the establishment of the Common Backstop by addressing an important element of risk, namely its decision-making process. The main aim is to explore possible governance issues, which could hamper a timely and effective use of the Common Backstop, in the case that the SRF would be depleted and no alternative funding sources would be available. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 45 (3 UL) Anatomie de l'Europe médiévale. L’âge féodal : la parcellisation du pouvoir (fin IXe – fin XIIe s.)Margue, Michel E-print/Working paper (2020)Detailed reference viewed: 56 (2 UL) A NEW CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN TASEPAND BURGERS’ EQUATIONFlandoli, Franco; Gess, Benjamin; Grotto, Francesco E-print/Working paper (2020)We introduce a new particle model, which we dub Active Bi-Directional Flow, conjugated to the Totally Asymmetric Exclusion Processin discrete time. We then associate to our model intrinsically stochastic ... [more ▼]We introduce a new particle model, which we dub Active Bi-Directional Flow, conjugated to the Totally Asymmetric Exclusion Processin discrete time. We then associate to our model intrinsically stochastic, non-entropic weak solutions of Burgers’ equation onR, thus linking the latter tothe KPZ universality class. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 41 (2 UL) Wie haben sich emotionale Anforderungen für Arbeitnehmer in Luxemburg über die Zeit entwickelt?Sischka, Philipp ; Steffgen, Georges E-print/Working paper (2020)Im Rahmen dieser Newsletter wird analysiert, wie sich emotionale Anforderungen für Arbeitnehmer in Luxemburg über die letzten Jahre entwickelt haben. Emotionale Anforderungen sind mit reduziertem Well ... [more ▼]Im Rahmen dieser Newsletter wird analysiert, wie sich emotionale Anforderungen für Arbeitnehmer in Luxemburg über die letzten Jahre entwickelt haben. Emotionale Anforderungen sind mit reduziertem Well-Being assoziiert. Dabei weisen Arbeitnehmer mit ausgeprägten emotionalen Anforderungen insbesondere ein höheres Burnoutlevel auf. Zwischen 2016 und 2020 kam es zu einem deutlichen Anstieg der emotionalen Anforderungen. Arbeitnehmerinnen weisen über die Zeit konstant höhere emotionale Anforderungen auf im Vergleich zu Arbeitnehmern. Insbesondere Arbeitnehmer in akademischen Berufen, Manager und Arbeitnehmer in Dienstleistungsberufen weisen über die Zeit konstant hohe emotionale Anforderungen auf. Bediener von Anlagen und Hilfsarbeitskräfte weisen dagegen einen Anstieg zwischen 2016 und 2020 auf. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 62 (1 UL) Common pool resource management and risk perceptionsMavi, Can Askan ; Quérou, NicolasE-print/Working paper (2020)Motivated by recent discussions about the issue of risk perceptions for climate change related events, we introduce a non-cooperative game setting where agents manage a common pool resource under a ... [more ▼]Motivated by recent discussions about the issue of risk perceptions for climate change related events, we introduce a non-cooperative game setting where agents manage a common pool resource under a potential risk, and agents exhibit different risk perception biases. Focusing on the effect of the polarization level and other population features, we show that the type of bias (overestimation versus underestimation biases) and the resource quality level before and after the occurrence of the shift have first-order importance on the qualitative nature of behavioral adjustments and on the pattern of resource conservation. When there are non-uniform biases within the population, the intra-group structure of the population qualitatively affects the degree of resource conservation. Moreover, unbiased agents may react in nonmonotone ways to changes in the polarization level when faced with agents exhibiting different types of bias. The size of the unbiased agents’ sub-population does not qualitatively affect how an increase in the polarization level impacts individual behavioral adjustments, even though it affects the magnitude of this change. Finally, it is shown how perception biases affect the comparison between centralized and decentralized management. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 69 (0 UL) In-plane magnetic field-driven symmetry breaking in topological insulator-based three-terminal junctionsKölzer, Jonas; Moors, Kristof; Schmidt, Thomas et alE-print/Working paper (2020)Detailed reference viewed: 36 (0 UL) Isolating the incapacitative effect of social distancing on crime: Evidence from Ecuador’s Covid-19 lockdownMahe, Clotilde ; Parra-Cely, SergioE-print/Working paper (2020)Identifying the impact of incapacitation measures on crime, such as imprisonment or curfews, is challenging since any such intervention simultaneously dissuades from engaging in illegal behaviour. We ... [more ▼]Identifying the impact of incapacitation measures on crime, such as imprisonment or curfews, is challenging since any such intervention simultaneously dissuades from engaging in illegal behaviour. We exploit Covid-19 confinement measures as a quasi-experiment to isolate incapacitative from deterrent effects of mobility restrictions in a developing country, Ecuador. Difference-in-differences and event-study estimates show a significant reduction in violent and property crime, relative to comparable months in pandemic-free years. While the fall in violent crime is driven by rape cases, we observe no cross-crime substitution for property crime. Heterogeneity effect analysis indicates that the composite decline in violent crime is entirely attributed to incapacitation. In contrast, the drop in property crime is attenuated in provinces where the economic activity mainly relies on essential sectors and blue-collar occupations, leaving incapacitation to explain 40 to 50% of the composite decrease. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 68 (0 UL) Quantum friction in the Hydrodynamic ModelWu, Kunmin ; Schmidt, Thomas ; Farias, Maria Belen E-print/Working paper (2020)We study the phenomenon of quantum friction in a system consisting of a polarizable atom moving at a constant speed parallel to a metallic plate. The metal is described using a charged hydrodynamic model ... [more ▼]We study the phenomenon of quantum friction in a system consisting of a polarizable atom moving at a constant speed parallel to a metallic plate. The metal is described using a charged hydrodynamic model for the electrons. This model featuring long-range interactions is appropriate for a clean metal in a temperature range where scattering due to Coulomb interactions dominates over the scattering of electron by impurities. We find that a quantum friction force between the atom and the metal surface exists even in the absence of intrinsic damping in the metal, but that it only starts once the velocity of the atom exceeds the effective speed of sound in the metal. We argue that this condition can be fulfilled most easily in metals with nearly empty or nearly filled bands. We make quantitative predictions for the friction force to the second and fourth order in the atomic polarizability, and show that the threshold behavior persists to all orders of the perturbation theory. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 32 (9 UL) Age, Intentions and the Implicit Role of Out-Selection Factors of International MigrationBeine, Michel E-print/Working paper (2020)In this paper, I propose to isolate the role of age as a self-selection factor of international migration. The role of age is estimated on intended emigration rather than on observed outcomes of migration ... [more ▼]In this paper, I propose to isolate the role of age as a self-selection factor of international migration. The role of age is estimated on intended emigration rather than on observed outcomes of migration, using individual measures of intended emigration drawn from a large-scale survey conducted by Gallup. I find evidence that age has a monotonic negative effect on desired emigration for the working-age population. The estimations point to a very robust effect, suggesting that an additional year of age decreases the probability of intended emigration by about 0.5%. This effect is steady over different periods of time and for most types of countries of origin. The results contrast with previous evidence obtained on observed outcomes of migration, suggesting that out-selection factors interact with age and shape the demographic profile of migrants. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 55 (5 UL) The solution of the immigrant paradox: aspirations and expectations of children of migrantsZanaj, Skerdilajda E-print/Working paper (2020)Detailed reference viewed: 51 (10 UL) THIS TIME IS REALLY DIFFERENT: FLIGHT-TO-SAFETY AND THE COVID-19 CRISISLöwen, Celina; Kchouri, Bilal ; Lehnert, Thorsten E-print/Working paper (2020)Detailed reference viewed: 126 (15 UL) A hybrid MGA-MSGD ANN training approach for approximate solution of linear elliptic PDEsDehghani, Hamidreza ; Zilian, Andreas E-print/Working paper (2020)We introduce a hybrid "Modified Genetic Algorithm-Multilevel Stochastic Gradient Descent" (MGA-MSGD) training algorithm that considerably improves accuracy and efficiency of solving 3D mechanical problems ... [more ▼]We introduce a hybrid "Modified Genetic Algorithm-Multilevel Stochastic Gradient Descent" (MGA-MSGD) training algorithm that considerably improves accuracy and efficiency of solving 3D mechanical problems described, in strong-form, by PDEs via ANNs (Artificial Neural Networks). This presented approach allows the selection of a number of locations of interest at which the state variables are expected to fulfil the governing equations associated with a physical problem. Unlike classical PDE approximation methods such as finite differences or the finite element method, there is no need to establish and reconstruct the physical field quantity throughout the computational domain in order to predict the mechanical response at specific locations of interest. The basic idea of MGA-MSGD is the manipulation of the learnable parameters’ components responsible for the error explosion so that we can train the network with relatively larger learning rates which avoids trapping in local minima. The proposed training approach is less sensitive to the learning rate value, training points density and distribution, and the random initial parameters. The distance function to minimise is where we introduce the PDEs including any physical laws and conditions (so-called, Physics Informed ANN). The Genetic algorithm is modified to be suitable for this type of ANN in which a Coarse-level Stochastic Gradient Descent (CSGD) is exploited to make the decision of the offspring qualification. Employing the presented approach, a considerable improvement in both accuracy and efficiency, compared with standard training algorithms such classical SGD and Adam optimiser, is observed. The local displacement accuracy is studied and ensured by introducing the results of Finite Element Method (FEM) at sufficiently fine mesh as the reference displacements. A slightly more complex problem is solved ensuring the feasibility of the methodology [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 80 (1 UL) Empowering Large Chemical Knowledge Bases for Exposomics: PubChemLite Meets MetFragSchymanski, Emma ; Kondic, Todor ; Neumann, Steffen et alE-print/Working paper (2020)Detailed reference viewed: 101 (0 UL) Corona-Zeiten, Corona Räume: Alltägliche Raumkonstruktion vor dem Hintergrund der Eindämmung der Covid-19-Pandemie im SaarlandMellinger, Lukas E-print/Working paper (2020)In der Reaktion auf die Ausbreitung der Covid-19-Pandemie kam es weltweit für viele Menschen zum Bruch sozialer und räumlicher Routinen. In Deutschland haben die Landesregierungen die führende Rolle beim ... [more ▼]In der Reaktion auf die Ausbreitung der Covid-19-Pandemie kam es weltweit für viele Menschen zum Bruch sozialer und räumlicher Routinen. In Deutschland haben die Landesregierungen die führende Rolle beim Versuchübernommen, durch Verfügungen und Verordnungen die weitere Ausbreitung der Pandemie einzu-dämmen. In diesem Kontexthatdie Art und Weise wie Gesetze und Regeln Alltagsräume durchdringen für viele Menschen eine neue (unmittelbar erlebbare) Dimension angenommen. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es,mit einem Fokus auf die getroffenenMaßnahmen der saarländischen Landesregierung diesbezüglich eine lo-kale Perspektive zu entwickeln. Durch die qualitative Methode der Autofotographie werden dabei individu-elle Sichtweisen auf das zugrundeliegendeWechselspiel von Recht, Raum und Gesellschaft in den Vorder-grund der Analyse gestellt.Durch den Blick auf sozialräumliche Zusammenhänge werden so die Auswirkun-gen der getroffenen Maßnahmen hinterfragt. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 149 (18 UL) Linear Z2n-Manifolds and Linear ActionsBruce, Andrew ; Ibarguengoytia, Eduardo ; Poncin, Norbert E-print/Working paper (2020)Detailed reference viewed: 97 (13 UL) Robust Estimation of a Regression Function in Exponential FamiliesBaraud, Yannick ; Chen, Juntong E-print/Working paper (2020)Detailed reference viewed: 263 (67 UL) Rate of estimation for the stationary distribution of jump-processes over anisotropic Holder classes.Amorino, Chiara E-print/Working paper (2020)We study the problem of the non-parametric estimation for the density π of the stationary distribution of the multivariate stochastic differential equation with jumps (Xt)0≤t≤T , when the dimension d is ... [more ▼]We study the problem of the non-parametric estimation for the density π of the stationary distribution of the multivariate stochastic differential equation with jumps (Xt)0≤t≤T , when the dimension d is such that d ≥ 3. From the continuous observa- tion of the sampling path on [0, T ] we show that, under anisotropic H ̈older smoothness constraints, kernel based estimators can achieve fast convergence rates. In particu- lar, they are as fast as the ones found by Dalalyan and Reiss [9] for the estimation of the invariant density in the case without jumps under isotropic H ̈older smooth- ness constraints. Moreover, they are faster than the ones found by Strauch [29] for the invariant density estimation of continuous stochastic differential equations, under anisotropic H ̈older smoothness constraints. Furthermore, we obtain a minimax lower bound on the L2-risk for pointwise estimation, with the same rate up to a log(T) term. It implies that, on a class of diffusions whose invariant density belongs to the anisotropic Holder class we are considering, it is impossible to find an estimator with a rate of estimation faster than the one we propose. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 54 (9 UL) On the nonparametric inference of coefficients of self-exciting jump-diffusionAmorino, Chiara ; Dion, Charlotte; Gloter, Arnaud et alE-print/Working paper (2020)In this paper, we consider a one-dimensional diffusion process with jumps driven by a Hawkes process. We are interested in the estimations of the volatility function and of the jump function from discrete ... [more ▼]In this paper, we consider a one-dimensional diffusion process with jumps driven by a Hawkes process. We are interested in the estimations of the volatility function and of the jump function from discrete high-frequency observations in long time horizon. We first propose to estimate the volatility coefficient. For that, we introduce in our estimation procedure a truncation function that allows to take into account the jumps of the process and we estimate the volatility function on a linear subspace of L 2 (A) where A is a compact interval of R. We obtain a bound for the empirical risk of the volatility estimator and establish an oracle inequality for the adaptive estimator to measure the performance of the procedure. Then, we propose an estimator of a sum between the volatility and the jump coefficient modified with the conditional expectation of the intensity of the jumps. The idea behind this is to recover the jump function. We also establish a bound for the empirical risk for the non-adaptive estimator of this sum and an oracle inequality for the final adaptive estimator. We conduct a simulation study to measure the accuracy of our estimators in practice and we discuss the possibility of recovering the jump function from our estimation procedure. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 37 (2 UL) Conical SL(3) foamsKhovanov, Mikhail; Robert, Louis-Hadrien E-print/Working paper (2020)Detailed reference viewed: 39 (4 UL) Getzler-Kapranov complexes and moduli stacks of curvesKalugin, Alexey E-print/Working paper (2020)Detailed reference viewed: 157 (17 UL) Anonymous proof-ofasset transactions using pairing-based designated blind signaturesSharma, Neetu; Sahu, Rajeev Anand ; Saraswat, Vishal et alE-print/Working paper (2020)Detailed reference viewed: 41 (3 UL) SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in Educational Settings During an Early Summer Epidemic Wave in LuxembourgMossong, Joël; Mombaerts, Laurent ; Veiber, Lisa et alE-print/Working paper (2020)Background: The role of schools and children in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 remains to be determined. Following a first wave in spring and gradual easing of lockdown, Luxembourg experienced an early ... [more ▼]Background: The role of schools and children in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 remains to be determined. Following a first wave in spring and gradual easing of lockdown, Luxembourg experienced an early second epidemic wave before the start of summer school holidays on 15th July. This provided the opportunity to study the role of school-age children and school settings in SARS-CoV-2 transmission. More specifically, we compared the incidence in school-age children, teachers and the general working population, and estimated the number of secondary transmissions occurring at schools using contact tracing data. Findings: While SARS-CoV-2 incidence was much higher in adults aged 20 and above than in children aged 0 to 19 during the first wave in spring, no significant difference was found during the second wave in early summer. The incidence during the second wave was similar for pupils, teachers and the general working population. Based on a total of 424 reported confirmed COVID-19 cases in school-age children and teachers, we estimate that 179 index cases caused 49 secondary transmissions in schools. While some small clusters of mainly student-to-student transmission within the same class were identified, we did not observe any large outbreaks with multiple generations of infection. Interpretation: Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 within Luxembourg schools was limited during the early summer epidemic wave in 2020. Precautionary measures including physical distancing as well as easy access to testing, systematic contact tracing appears to have been successful in mitigating transmission within educational settings. Funding Statement: LV is supported by the Luxembourg National Research Fund grant COVID-19/2020- 1/14701707/REBORN, LM is supported by Luxembourg National Research Fund grant COVID19/14863306/PREVID, PW is supported by the European Research Council (ERC-CoG 863664). Declaration of Interests: No competing interests. Ethics Approval Statement: The Health Directorate has the legal permission to process patient confidential information for national surveillance of communicable diseases in general and contact tracing for the COVID-19 pandemic and individual patient consent is not required. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 208 (10 UL) ‘Grading’ the Nominees for the International Criminal Court Judges Election 2021-2030: The Report of the Advisory Committee on Nomination of Judges—Part IIOwiso, Owiso ; Sharon, E-print/Working paper (2020)Detailed reference viewed: 153 (8 UL) ‘Grading’ the Nominees for the International Criminal Court Judges Election 2021-2030: The Report of the Advisory Committee on Nomination of Judges—Part IOwiso, Owiso ; Sharon, NakandhaE-print/Working paper (2020)Detailed reference viewed: 100 (4 UL) Between Discretion and Proportionality: The Duty of Care in EU Judicial ReviewHofmann, Herwig E-print/Working paper (2020)Detailed reference viewed: 100 (5 UL) Enforcing EU law: the case of the whistle-blowerKafteranis, Dimitrios E-print/Working paper (2020)Detailed reference viewed: 39 (1 UL) Time to reconsider Strasbourg's whistleblower case lawKafteranis, Dimitrios ; Robert, BrockhausE-print/Working paper (2020)Detailed reference viewed: 56 (0 UL) The Luxembourg COVID-Kids questionnaireKirsch, Claudine ; Engel de Abreu, Pascale ; Neumann, Sascha E-print/Working paper (2020)Detailed reference viewed: 148 (18 UL) The European Citizens Initiative: diversifying policy debates at European levelHiry, Jasmin E-print/Working paper (2020)Detailed reference viewed: 49 (2 UL) Der Arbeitsmarkt der Sozialen Arbeit 2019 = Le marché de l'emploi du secteur social en 2019Böwen, Petra ; Flammang, Manou Laure E-print/Working paper (2020)This newsletter describes the job market in the social work sector in Luxembourg in 2019. The data are derived from an ongoing research project by the PraxisBüro of the University of Luxembourg. The ... [more ▼]This newsletter describes the job market in the social work sector in Luxembourg in 2019. The data are derived from an ongoing research project by the PraxisBüro of the University of Luxembourg. The newsletter presents a selection of statistics concerning for example the most sought after qualification levels, the distribution of practice fields, the distribution of job offers on public, municipal, privat an non-governmental organisations an the documented gab between the demand of social workers with a Bachelor diploma and the number of Bachelor diplomas issued in Luxembourg [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 801 (57 UL) On the Composition and Limitations of Publicly Available COVID-19 X-Ray Imaging DatasetsGarcia Santa Cruz, Beatriz ; Sölter, Jan ; Bossa, Matias Nicolas et alE-print/Working paper (2020) Machine learning based methods for diagnosis and progression prediction of COVID-19 from imaging data have gained significant attention in the last months, in particular by the use of deep learning ... [more ▼] Machine learning based methods for diagnosis and progression prediction of COVID-19 from imaging data have gained significant attention in the last months, in particular by the use of deep learning models. In this context hundreds of models where proposed with the majority of them trained on public datasets. Data scarcity, mismatch between training and target population, group imbalance, and lack of documentation are important sources of bias, hindering the applicability of these models to real-world clinical practice. Considering that datasets are an essential part of model building and evaluation, a deeper understanding of the current landscape is needed. This paper presents an overview of the currently public available COVID-19 chest X-ray datasets. Each dataset is briefly described and potential strength, limitations and interactions between datasets are identified. In particular, some key properties of current datasets that could be potential sources of bias, impairing models trained on them are pointed out. These descriptions are useful for model building on those datasets, to choose the best dataset according the model goal, to take into account the specific limitations to avoid reporting overconfident benchmark results, and to discuss their impact on the generalisation capabilities in a specific clinical setting. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 350 (10 UL) Territorial patterns and relations in AustriaSzendrei, Greta ; Evrard, Estelle ; Nienaber, Birte et alE-print/Working paper (2020)Detailed reference viewed: 56 (6 UL) On the Gauss map of equivariant immersions in hyperbolic spaceEl Emam, Christian ; Seppi, AndreaE-print/Working paper (2020)Given an oriented immersed hypersurface in hyperbolic space H^{n+1}, its Gauss map is defined with values in the space of oriented geodesics of H^{n+1}, which is endowed with a natural para-Kähler ... [more ▼]Given an oriented immersed hypersurface in hyperbolic space H^{n+1}, its Gauss map is defined with values in the space of oriented geodesics of H^{n+1}, which is endowed with a natural para-Kähler structure. In this paper we address the question of whether an immersion G of the universal cover of an n-manifold M, equivariant for some group representation of π1(M) in Isom(H^{n+1}), is the Gauss map of an equivariant immersion in H^{n+1}. We fully answer this question for immersions with principal curvatures in (−1,1): while the only local obstructions are the conditions that G is Lagrangian and Riemannian, the global obstruction is more subtle, and we provide two characterizations, the first in terms of the Maslov class, and the second (for M compact) in terms of the action of the group of compactly supported Hamiltonian symplectomorphisms [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 30 (0 UL) Symposium on Oumar Ba’s Book ‘States of Justice: The Politics of the International Criminal Court’–Introductory PostOwiso, Owiso E-print/Working paper (2020)Detailed reference viewed: 115 (3 UL) The Flow of Information Among Authorities Involved in the Banking Union’s Resolution Procedure: The Case of the SRB and the ECBLupinu, Pier Mario E-print/Working paper (2020)The flow of information is vital for the smooth functioning and certainty of the successful outcome of a resolution procedure during resolution planning and execution. As a result, the exchange of ... [more ▼]The flow of information is vital for the smooth functioning and certainty of the successful outcome of a resolution procedure during resolution planning and execution. As a result, the exchange of relevant information has become highly influential in current debates. This article will focus on the exchange of information between the Single Resolution Board (SRB) and the European Central Bank (ECB). Firstly, the Authorities decided to arrange the rules for sharing information bilaterally in the form of a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU). While this framework of cooperation and exchange of information between the SRB and the ECB constitutes an obligation under Article 30(7) of the Single Resolution Mechanism Regulation (SRMR), it was drafted in the non-binding form of an MoU. The general purpose of an MoU is to establish the basis for cooperation and convergence of intentions. Such foundations aim to strengthen the resolution procedure by joining forces to obtain more accurate and complete data with better coordination of tasks and resources in order to achieve the most solid result possible within a tighter timeframe. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 172 (5 UL) UAV Relay-Assisted Emergency Communications in IoT Networks: Resource Allocation and Trajectory OptimizationTran Dinh, Hieu ; Nguyen, van Dinh ; Gautam, Sumit et alE-print/Working paper (2020)Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication has emerged as a prominent technology for emergency communications (e.g., natural disaster) in Internet of Things (IoT) networks to enhance the ability of ... [more ▼]Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication has emerged as a prominent technology for emergency communications (e.g., natural disaster) in Internet of Things (IoT) networks to enhance the ability of disaster prediction, damage assessment, and rescue operations promptly. In this paper, a UAV is deployed as a flying base station (BS) to collect data from time-constrained IoT devices and then transfer the data to a ground gateway (GW). In general, the latency constraint at IoT users and the limited storage capacity of UAV highly hinder practical applications of UAV-assisted IoT networks. In this paper, full-duplex (FD) technique is adopted at the UAV to overcome these challenges. In addition, half-duplex (HD) scheme for UAV-based relaying is also considered to provide a comparative study between two modes (viz., FD and HD). Herein, a device is successfully served iff its data is collected by UAV and conveyed to GW within the flight time. In this context, we aim at maximizing the number of served IoT devices by jointly optimizing bandwidth and power allocation, as well as the UAV trajectory, while satisfying the requested timeout (RT) requirement of each device and the UAV’s limited storage capacity. The formulated optimization problem is troublesome to solve due to its non-convexity and combinatorial nature. Toward appealing applications, we first relax binary variables into continuous values and transform the original problem into a more computationally tractable form. By leveraging inner approximation framework, we derive newly approximated functions for non-convex parts and then develop a simple yet efficient iterative algorithm for its solutions. Next, we attempt to maximize the total throughput subject to the number of served IoT devices. Finally, numerical results show that the proposed algorithms significantly outperform benchmark approaches in terms of the number of served IoT devices and the amount of collected data. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 74 (6 UL) The prestige and status of research fields within mathematicsSchlenker, Jean-Marc E-print/Working paper (2020)While the hierarchy of science'' has been widely analysed, there is no corresponding study of the status of subfields within a given scientific field. We use bibliometric data to show that subfields of ... [more ▼]While the hierarchy of science'' has been widely analysed, there is no corresponding study of the status of subfields within a given scientific field. We use bibliometric data to show that subfields of mathematics have a different standing'' within the mathematics community. Highly ranked departments tend to specialize in some subfields more than in others, and the same subfields are also over-represented in the most selective mathematics journals or among recipients of top prizes. Moreover this status of subfields evolves markedly over the period of observation (1984--2016), with some subfields gaining and others losing in standing. The status of subfields is related to different publishing habits, but some of those differences are opposite to those observed when considering the hierarchy of scientific fields. We examine possible explanations for the status'' of different subfields. Some natural explanations -- availability of funding, importance of applications -- do not appear to function, suggesting that factors internal to the discipline are at work. We propose a different type of explanation, based on a notion of `focus'' of a subfield, that might or might not be specific to mathematics. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 62 (1 UL) Working Document to support the EMN Inform: EU and OECD Member States responses to managing residence permits and migrant unemployment during the COVID-19 pandemicSommarribas, Adolfo ; Sheridan, AnneE-print/Working paper (2020)The COVID-19 took by surprise most Member States of the European Union, as they underestimated the rapid spread of the contagion in the continent. The response of the Member States was asymmetrical ... [more ▼]The COVID-19 took by surprise most Member States of the European Union, as they underestimated the rapid spread of the contagion in the continent. The response of the Member States was asymmetrical, individualistic and significantly slow. The first measures taken were to close down the internal borders. The response of the European Union was even slower to the point that and it was not until March 17th 2020 that the external borders were closed. These actions affected legal migration into the European Union from four perspectives: 1) it affected the mobility of those third country nationals who were on temporary stay in the Member States; 2) the entry of third country nationals to do seasonal work; 3) the entry and stay of legal migrants; and 4) the status quo of the third country nationals already residing in the Member States, especially those who have a loss of income. This article will deal with the measures taken by Member States on who to manage the immigration services during the crisis as well as the measures taken in order to deal with overstayers, seasonal workers and other legal migrants. Finally, we will focus in the vulnerable situation that third-country national salaried workers are exposed due to the loss of income or loss of employment in the Member States and the risk of being returned to their country of origin. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 99 (5 UL) 100 лет русской школе зарубежом: ЛюксембургGanschow, Inna E-print/Working paper (2020)The article provides an overview of different types of schools, teachers and their methods of teaching Russian in Luxembourg over the past 100 years. A distinction is made between the affiliation of ... [more ▼]The article provides an overview of different types of schools, teachers and their methods of teaching Russian in Luxembourg over the past 100 years. A distinction is made between the affiliation of schools and the values that they try to convey along with the Russian language. The article analyzes the motivation of parents and teachers in the transfer of oral or written knowledge of the native language. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 77 (2 UL) Testing informed SIR based epidemiological model for COVID-19 in LuxembourgSauter, Thomas ; Pires Pacheco, Maria Irene E-print/Working paper (2020)The interpretation of the number of COVID-19 cases and deaths in a country or region is strongly dependent on the number of performed tests. We developed a novel SIR based epidemiological model (SIVRT ... [more ▼]The interpretation of the number of COVID-19 cases and deaths in a country or region is strongly dependent on the number of performed tests. We developed a novel SIR based epidemiological model (SIVRT) which allows the country-specific integration of testing information and other available data. The model thereby enables a dynamic inspection of the pandemic and allows estimating key figures, like the number of overall detected and undetected COVID-19 cases and the infection fatality rate. As proof of concept, the novel SIVRT model was used to simulate the first phase of the pandemic in Luxembourg. An overall number of infections of 13.000 and an infection fatality rate of 1,3 was estimated, which is in concordance with data from population-wide testing. Furthermore based on the data as of end of May 2020 and assuming a partial deconfinement, an increase of cases is predicted from mid of July 2020 on. This is consistent with the current observed rise and shows the predictive potential of the novel SIVRT model. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 125 (10 UL) PISTIS: From a Word-of-Mouth to a Gentleman’s AgreementKozhaya, David; Decouchant, Jérémie ; Rahli, Vincent et alE-print/Working paper (2020)The accelerated digitalisation of society along with technological evolution have extended the geographical span of cyber-physical systems. Two main threats have made the reliable and real-time control of ... [more ▼]The accelerated digitalisation of society along with technological evolution have extended the geographical span of cyber-physical systems. Two main threats have made the reliable and real-time control of these systems challenging: (i) uncertainty in the communication infrastructure induced by scale, openness and heterogeneity of the environment and devices; and (ii) targeted attacks maliciously worsening the impact of the above-mentioned communication uncertainties, disrupting the correctness of real-time applications. This paper addresses those challenges by showing how to build distributed protocols that provide both real-time with practical performance, and scalability in the presence of network faults and attacks. We provide a suite of real-time Byzantine protocols, which we prove correct, starting from a reliable broadcast protocol, called PISTIS, up to atomic broadcast and consensus. This suite simplifies the construction of powerful distributed and decentralized monitoring and control applications, including state-machine replication. Extensive empirical evaluations show- case PISTIS’s robustness, latency, and scalability. For example, PISTIS can withstand message loss (and delay) rates up to 40% in systems with 49 nodes and provides bounded delivery latencies in the order of a few milliseconds. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 166 (6 UL) A mixed chamber or an ad hoc advisory body for the Court of Justice of the EU?Zinonos, Panagiotis E-print/Working paper (2020)Detailed reference viewed: 58 (6 UL) Dynamics of Achievement inequalities: the role of performance and choice in ChileCeron, Francisco ; Bol, Thijs; Van de Werfhorst, HermanE-print/Working paper (2020)Research on education inequalities has long-established the relationship between the social composition of of schools and achievement levels. However, the empirical study of the social processes in ... [more ▼]Research on education inequalities has long-established the relationship between the social composition of of schools and achievement levels. However, the empirical study of the social processes in choosing schools and their potential effects on achievement inequalities has often been neglected. This article investigates the extent to which such social processes, related to parents’ educational preferences and expectations, influence the development of students’ achievement inequalities throughout their schooling career, through shaping school communities, as a channel of transmission of socioeconomic inequality. Using longitudinal census data from Chile, which allows us to observe students’ achievements between the 4th and 10th grades, we find support for the claim that the development of achievement inequalities operate partly through well-off parents’ educational preferences and expectations. Moreover, these preferences and beliefs explain most of the social composition effect of schools on achievement inequalities. We conclude that choice processes should be considered as an integral part of theories aimed to explain achievement inequalities as a dynamic process. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 31 (3 UL) Was frustriert Arbeitnehmer in Luxemburg an ihrem Arbeitsplatz?Sischka, Philipp ; Steffgen, Georges E-print/Working paper (2020)Im Rahmen dieser Newsletter wird analysiert, in welchem Umfang Arbeitnehmer in Luxemburg an ihrem Arbeitsplatz von der Frustration dreier psychologischer Grundbedürfnisse – der Autonomie, der Kompetenz ... [more ▼]Im Rahmen dieser Newsletter wird analysiert, in welchem Umfang Arbeitnehmer in Luxemburg an ihrem Arbeitsplatz von der Frustration dreier psychologischer Grundbedürfnisse – der Autonomie, der Kompetenz, und der Verbundenheit – betroffen sind. Hierbei zeigt sich durchgängig bei den Arbeitnehmern, dass die Frustration über fehlende Autonomie am Stärksten ausgeprägt ist. Spezifische Arbeitsbedingungen, wie z.B. fehlende Partizipation sowie geringes Well-Being sindzudem besonders hoch mit Frustration korreliert. Vergleiche zwischen unterschiedlichen Arbeitnehmergruppen zeigen auf, dass Frauen gegenüber Männern ein etwas höheres Ausmaß der Frustration von Verbundenheit und von Kompetenz erleben. Manager zeigen hingegen ein geringeres Ausmaß der Frustration von Verbundenheit im Vergleich zu Arbeitnehmern in anderen Berufen. Arbeitnehmer, die in NGOs arbeiten, weisen wiederum das geringste Ausmaß an Frustration über fehlende Autonomie auf. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 57 (3 UL) Genome sequencing analysis identifies new loci associated with Lewy body dementia and provides insights into the complex genetic architectureChia, Ruth; Sabir, Marya S.; Bandres-Ciga, Sara et alE-print/Working paper (2020)The genetic basis of Lewy body dementia (LBD) is not well understood. Here, we performed whole-genome sequencing in large cohorts of LBD cases and neurologically healthy controls to study the genetic ... [more ▼]The genetic basis of Lewy body dementia (LBD) is not well understood. Here, we performed whole-genome sequencing in large cohorts of LBD cases and neurologically healthy controls to study the genetic architecture of this understudied form of dementia and to generate a resource for the scientific community. Genome-wide association analysis identified five independent risk loci, whereas genome-wide gene-aggregation tests implicated mutations in the gene GBA. Genetic risk scores demonstrate that LBD shares risk profiles and pathways with Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, providing a deeper molecular understanding of the complex genetic architecture of this age-related neurodegenerative condition.Competing Interest StatementThomas G. Beach is a consultant for Prothena, Vivid Genomics and Avid Radiopharmaceuticals. He is a scientific advisory board member for Vivid Genomics. John A. Hardy, Huw R. Morris, Stuart Pickering-Brown, Andrew B. Singleton, and Bryan J. Traynor hold US, EU and Canadian patents on the clinical testing and therapeutic intervention for the hexanucleotide repeat expansion of C9orf72. Michael A. Nalls is supported by a consulting contract between Data Tecnica International and the National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; as a possible conflict of interest Dr. Nalls also consults for Neuron23 Inc., Lysosomal Therapeutics Inc., Illumina Inc., the Michael J. Fox Foundation and Vivid Genomics among others. Jose A. Palma is an editorial board member of Movement Disorders, Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, BMC Neurology, and Clinical Autonomic Research. Bradley F. Boeve, James Leverenz, and Sonja W. Scholz serve on the Scientific Advisory Council of the Lewy Body Dementia Association. Sonja W. Scholz is an editorial board member for the Journal of Parkinson's Disease. Bryan J. Traynor is an editorial board member for JAMA Neurology; Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry; Brain; and Neurobiology of Aging. Zbigniew K. Wszolek serves as a principal investigator or co-principal investigator on Abbvie, Inc. (M15-562 and M15-563), Biogen, Inc. (228PD201) grant, and Biohaven Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (BHV4157-206 and BHV3241-301). Zbigniew K. Wszolek serves as the principal investigator of the Mayo Clinic American Parkinson Disease Association (APDA) Information and Referral Center, and as co-principal investigator of the Mayo Clinic APDA Center for Advanced Research. All other authors report no competing interests. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 205 (3 UL) Scattering theory for the Hodge-LaplacianBaumgarth, Robert E-print/Working paper (2020)We prove using an integral criterion the existence and completeness of the wave operators corresponding to the Hodge-Laplacians acting on differential p-forms, induced by two quasi-isometric Riemannian ... [more ▼]We prove using an integral criterion the existence and completeness of the wave operators corresponding to the Hodge-Laplacians acting on differential p-forms, induced by two quasi-isometric Riemannian metrics g and h on a complete open smooth manifold M. In particular, this result provides a criterion for the absolutely continuous spectra to coincide. The proof is based on gradient estimates obtained by probabilistic Bismut-type formulae for the heat semigroup defined by spectral calculus. By these localised formulae, the integral criterion only requires local curvature bounds and some upper local control on the heat kernel acting on functions, but no control on the injectivity radii. A consequence is a stability result of the absolutely continuous spectrum under a Ricci flow. As an application we concentrate on the important case of conformal perturbations. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 154 (6 UL) Conferences and international collaboration revisited in times of the coronavirus: Experiences from a digital transition and lessons for the futureEpping, Elisabeth ; Lohse, Anna Prisca; Graf, Lukas et alE-print/Working paper (2020)"Everything was booked and ready to go for a two-day scientific workshop on education policies in Europe, scheduled for April 23-24, 2020 at the Hertie School in Berlin. The workshop intended to take ... [more ▼]"Everything was booked and ready to go for a two-day scientific workshop on education policies in Europe, scheduled for April 23-24, 2020 at the Hertie School in Berlin. The workshop intended to take stock of developments at the European, national and sub-national levels given the European Union’s wrap up of its decade-long Education & Training 2020 strategy (ET 2020), a framework for cooperation in education and training. However, on March 12, we had to cancel the physical meeting on short notice due to the coronavirus crisis. In the following, we share our experiences with the subsequent transition to an alternative online workshop format that took place on April 23, involving 25 participants from 10 countries, and 16 paper presentations. After sketching the workshop’s virtual setup, we discuss strengths, weaknesses, and challenges related to this digital transition. Furthermore, we explore the prospects of such online formats for future academic conferences and networking." [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 928 (7 UL)