References of "E-prints/Working papers"      in Complete repository Arts & humanities   Archaeology   Art & art history   Classical & oriental studies   History   Languages & linguistics   Literature   Performing arts   Philosophy & ethics   Religion & theology   Multidisciplinary, general & others Business & economic sciences   Accounting & auditing   Production, distribution & supply chain management   Finance   General management & organizational theory   Human resources management   Management information systems   Marketing   Strategy & innovation   Quantitative methods in economics & management   General economics & history of economic thought   International economics   Macroeconomics & monetary economics   Microeconomics   Economic systems & public economics   Social economics   Special economic topics (health, labor, transportation…)   Multidisciplinary, general & others Engineering, computing & technology   Aerospace & aeronautics engineering   Architecture   Chemical engineering   Civil engineering   Computer science   Electrical & electronics engineering   Energy   Geological, petroleum & mining engineering   Materials science & engineering   Mechanical engineering   Multidisciplinary, general & others Human health sciences   Alternative medicine   Anesthesia & intensive care   Cardiovascular & respiratory systems   Dentistry & oral medicine   Dermatology   Endocrinology, metabolism & nutrition   Forensic medicine   Gastroenterology & hepatology   General & internal medicine   Geriatrics   Hematology   Immunology & infectious disease   Laboratory medicine & medical technology   Neurology   Oncology   Ophthalmology   Orthopedics, rehabilitation & sports medicine   Otolaryngology   Pediatrics   Pharmacy, pharmacology & toxicology   Psychiatry   Public health, health care sciences & services   Radiology, nuclear medicine & imaging   Reproductive medicine (gynecology, andrology, obstetrics)   Rheumatology   Surgery   Urology & nephrology   Multidisciplinary, general & others Law, criminology & political science   Civil law   Criminal law & procedure   Criminology   Economic & commercial law   European & international law   Judicial law   Metalaw, Roman law, history of law & comparative law   Political science, public administration & international relations   Public law   Social law   Tax law   Multidisciplinary, general & others Life sciences   Agriculture & agronomy   Anatomy (cytology, histology, embryology...) & physiology   Animal production & animal husbandry   Aquatic sciences & oceanology   Biochemistry, biophysics & molecular biology   Biotechnology   Entomology & pest control   Environmental sciences & ecology   Food science   Genetics & genetic processes   Microbiology   Phytobiology (plant sciences, forestry, mycology...)   Veterinary medicine & animal health   Zoology   Multidisciplinary, general & others Physical, chemical, mathematical & earth Sciences   Chemistry   Earth sciences & physical geography   Mathematics   Physics   Space science, astronomy & astrophysics   Multidisciplinary, general & others Social & behavioral sciences, psychology   Animal psychology, ethology & psychobiology   Anthropology   Communication & mass media   Education & instruction   Human geography & demography   Library & information sciences   Neurosciences & behavior   Regional & inter-regional studies   Social work & social policy   Sociology & social sciences   Social, industrial & organizational psychology   Theoretical & cognitive psychology   Treatment & clinical psychology   Multidisciplinary, general & others     Showing results 1 to 100 of 1550 1 2 3 4 5 6     The mod 2 cohomology rings of congruence subgroups in the Bianchi groupsBerkove, Ethan; Lakeland, Grant; Rahm, Alexander E-print/Working paper (in press)We provide new tools for the calculation of the torsion in the cohomology of congruence subgroups in the Bianchi groups : An algorithm for finding particularly useful fundamental domains, and an analysis ... [more ▼]We provide new tools for the calculation of the torsion in the cohomology of congruence subgroups in the Bianchi groups : An algorithm for finding particularly useful fundamental domains, and an analysis of the equivariant spectral sequence combined with torsion subcomplex reduction. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 312 (21 UL) The edge-based strain smoothing method for compressible and nearly incompressible non-linear elasticity for solid mechanicsLee, Chang-Kye; Mihai, L. Angela; Kerfriden, Pierre et alE-print/Working paper (in press)Detailed reference viewed: 558 (40 UL) Yolanda von Vianden und das Yolanda-EposSieburg, Heinz E-print/Working paper (in press)Detailed reference viewed: 163 (10 UL) Spatio-temporal programming of lyotropic phase transition in nanoporous microfluidic confinementsUlaganathan, Vamseekrishna ; Ong, Irvine ; Sengupta, Anupam E-print/Working paper (2022)Self-assembly of simple molecules into complex phases can be driven by physical constraints, for instance, due to selective molecular uptake by nanoporous surfaces. Despite the significance of surface ... [more ▼]Self-assembly of simple molecules into complex phases can be driven by physical constraints, for instance, due to selective molecular uptake by nanoporous surfaces. Despite the significance of surface-mediated assembly in evolution of life, physical routes to molecular enrichment and assembly have remained overlooked. Here, using a lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal as model biological material, confined within nanoporous microfluidic environments, we study molecular assembly driven by nanoporous substrates. We demonstrate that nanoporous polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surfaces, due to selective permeation of water molecules, drive transition of disordered isotropic phase to ordered nematic, and higher order columnar phases under isothermal conditions. Synergistically, by tailoring the wettability, the surface-to-volume ratio, and surface topography of the confinements, we program the lyotropic phase transitions with a high degree of spatial and temporal control. Using a combination of timelapse polarized imaging, quantitative image processing, and a simple mathematical model, we analyze the phase transitions, and construct a master diagram capturing the role of surface wettability and channel geometry on programmable lyotropic phase transitions. Intrinsic PDMS nanoporosity and confinement cross-section, together with the imposed wettability regulate the rate of the N-M phase transition; whereas the microfluidic geometry and embedded topography enable phase transition at targeted locations. We harness the emergent long-range order during N-M transition to actuate elasto-advective transport of embedded micro-cargo, demonstrating particle manipulation concepts governed by tunable phase transitions. Our results present a programmable physical route to material assembly, and offer a new paradigm for assembling genetic components, biological cargo, and minimal synthetic cells. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 27 (0 UL) EU acts without binding legal force producing binding legal effects at the national level: Enforcement of ESA soft law in the Czech RepublicHubkova, Pavlina E-print/Working paper (2022)The European Supervisory Authorities (ESAs) are empowered, by their founding regulations, to adopt guidelines and recommendations “with a view to establishing consistent, efficient and effective ... [more ▼]The European Supervisory Authorities (ESAs) are empowered, by their founding regulations, to adopt guidelines and recommendations “with a view to establishing consistent, efficient and effective supervisory practices within the ESFS, and to ensuring the common, uniform and consistent application of Union law”. These acts can be considered genuine EU soft law since they lack the binding legal force. However, they remain perfectly non-binding only at the EU level and in the relation between the ESAs and the national competent authorities (NCAs). Although the NCAs have a duty “to make every effort to comply” with such soft law, they keep a certain leeway to decide whether they eventually comply or not. Nonetheless, the situation is different in case of financial institutions under their supervision. Formally, the EU regulations attribute to them also only a duty “to make every effort to comply”. However, once the NCA decides to comply and effectively enforces the compliance from financial institutions, the latter have a very limited, or even no leeway to decide about the compliance. Within the complex regulatory system, the NCA metamorphosis from a normtaker into an effective norm-enforcer who is capable to determine what effects the ESA soft law have at the national level. This paper focuses on the life of ESA soft law in the Czech Republic. It examines the role and power of the Czech NCA (the Czech National Bank, CNB) in the light of the legislative framework and other domestic binding legal rules. It takes into consideration the real enforcement strategy and practices of the CNB to show that, in the hands of the CNB, ESA guidelines and recommendations become acts, which produce binding legal effects upon financial institutions. Based on this observation, the paper raises questions about the proper control of ESA soft law and potential remedies. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 7 (0 UL) Optimal Timing of Carbon Capture and Storage Policies - a Social Planner's ViewChen, Yiwen; Wan, Xi; Zou, Benteng E-print/Working paper (2022)Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is considered one of the most realistic and plausible options for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from large pollution sources. However, CCS deployment is costly ... [more ▼]Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is considered one of the most realistic and plausible options for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from large pollution sources. However, CCS deployment is costly. This paper considers the social cost of CCS projects and GHG damage from a central planer's point of view, providing clear information about when each player should deploy CCS. The findings are twofold: (1) given the heterogeneity of players, it is not socially optimal for all players to start CCS projects at the same time; instead, the player that has a cost advantage should start first; (2) it may be socially desirable for the player with a cost disadvantage never starts CCS. We show the conditions that support both possibilities. The second finding provides a clear policy guideline for the decision-maker: reduce the costs of the high-cost player in order to reduce global GHG emissions, provided that is the aim of the supranational institute. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 43 (1 UL) Value-Added Scores Show Limited Stability over Time in Primary SchoolEmslander, Valentin ; Levy, Jessica; Scherer, Ronny et alE-print/Working paper (2022)Value-added (VA) models are used for accountability purposes and quantify the value a teacher or a school adds to their students’ achievement. If VA scores lack stability over time and vary across outcome ... [more ▼]Value-added (VA) models are used for accountability purposes and quantify the value a teacher or a school adds to their students’ achievement. If VA scores lack stability over time and vary across outcome domains (e.g., mathematics and language learning), their use for high-stakes decision making is in question and could have detrimental real-life implications: teachers could lose their jobs, or a school might receive less funding. However, school-level stability over time and variation across domains have rarely been studied together. In the present study, we examined the stability of VA scores over time for mathematics and language learning, drawing on representative, large-scale, and longitudinal data from two cohorts of standardized achievement tests in Luxembourg (N = 7,016 students in 151 schools). We found that only 34-38% of the schools showed stable VA scores over time with moderate rank correlations of VA scores from 2017 to 2019 of r = .34 for mathematics and r = .37 for language learning. Although they showed insufficient stability over time for high- stakes decision making, school VA scores could be employed to identify teaching or school practices that are genuinely effective—especially in heterogeneous student populations. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 28 (0 UL) Integration of external biomass reactions into existing metabolic modelsMoscardo Garcia, Maria ; Pires Pacheco, Maria Irene ; Sauter, Thomas E-print/Working paper (2022)Currently, seven biomass objective functions have been defined in human metabolic reconstructions. The integration of published biomass reactions into alternative models can contribute to the prediction ... [more ▼]Currently, seven biomass objective functions have been defined in human metabolic reconstructions. The integration of published biomass reactions into alternative models can contribute to the prediction power of the model. Thus, in this work, we present a workflow to integrate reactions and biomass functions originating from several genome-scale reconstructions into models other than their home models. Additionally, a benchmark to identify the biomass that confers the highest prediction accuracy in terms of gene essentiality and growth predictions is provided. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 17 (0 UL) A dynamic programming approach to optimal pollution control under uncertain irreversibility: The Poisson caseBoucekkine, Raouf; Ruan, Weihua; Zou, Benteng E-print/Working paper (2022)We solve a bimodal optimal control problem with a non-concavity and uncertainty through a Poisson process underlying the transition from a mode to another. We use a dynamic programming approach and are ... [more ▼]We solve a bimodal optimal control problem with a non-concavity and uncertainty through a Poisson process underlying the transition from a mode to another. We use a dynamic programming approach and are able to uncover the global optimal dynamics (including optimal non-monotonic paths) under a few linear-quadratic assumption, which do not get rid of the non-concavity of the problem. This is in contrast to the related literature on pollution control under irreversibility which usually explores local dynamics along monotonic solution paths to first order Pontryagin conditions. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 16 (2 UL) Local Verlet buffer approach for broad-phase interaction detection in Discrete Element MethodMainassara Chekaraou, Abdoul Wahid ; Besseron, Xavier ; Rousset, Alban et alE-print/Working paper (2022)The Extended Discrete Element Method (XDEM) is an innovative numerical simulation technique that extends the dynamics of granular materials known as Discrete Element Method (DEM) by additional properties ... [more ▼]The Extended Discrete Element Method (XDEM) is an innovative numerical simulation technique that extends the dynamics of granular materials known as Discrete Element Method (DEM) by additional properties such as the thermodynamic state, stress/strain for each particle. Such DEM simulations used by industries to set up their experimental processes are complexes and heavy in computation time. At each time step, those simulations generate a list of interacting particles and this phase is one of the most computationally expensive parts of a DEM simulation. The Verlet buffer method, initially introduced in Molecular Dynamic (MD) (and also used in DEM), allows keeping the interaction list for many time steps by extending each particle neighbourhood by a certain extension range, and thus broadening the interaction list. The method relies on the temporal coherency of DEM, which guarantees that no particles move erratically from one time step to the next. In the classical approach, all the particles have their neighbourhood extended by the same value which leads to suboptimal performances in simulations where different flow regimes coexist. Additionally, and unlike in MD, there is no comprehensive study analysing the different parameters that affect the performance of the Verlet buffer method in DEM. In this work, we propose a new method for the dynamic update of the neighbour list that depends on the particles individual displacement and define a particle-specific extension range based on the local flow regime. The interaction list is analysed throughout the simulation based on the particle's displacement allowing a flexible update according to the flow regime conditions. We evaluate the influence of the Verlet extension range on the execution time through different test cases and analyse empirically the extension range value giving the best performance. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 255 (83 UL) Agent-based Model of Initial Token Allocations: Evaluating Wealth Concentration in Fair LaunchesDelgado Fernandez, Joaquin ; Barbereau, Tom Josua ; Papageorgiou, Orestis E-print/Working paper (2022)With advancements in distributed ledger technologies and smart contracts, tokenized voting rights gained prominence within Decentralized Finance (DeFi). Voting rights tokens (aka. governance tokens) are ... [more ▼]With advancements in distributed ledger technologies and smart contracts, tokenized voting rights gained prominence within Decentralized Finance (DeFi). Voting rights tokens (aka. governance tokens) are fungible tokens that grant individual holders the right to vote upon the fate of a project. The motivation behind these tokens is to achieve decentral control. Because the initial allocations of these tokens is often un-democratic, the DeFi project Yearn Finance experimented with a fair launch allocation where no tokens are pre-mined and all participants have an equal opportunity to receive them. Regardless, research on voting rights tokens highlights the formation of oligarchies over time. The hypothesis is that the tokens' tradability is the cause of concentration. To examine this proposition, this paper uses an Agent-based Model to simulate and analyze the concentration of voting rights tokens post fair launch under different trading modalities. It serves to examine three distinct token allocation scenarios considered as fair. The results show that regardless of the allocation, concentration persistently occurs. It confirms the hypothesis that the disease is endogenous: the cause of concentration is the tokens tradablility. The findings inform theoretical understandings and practical implications for on-chain governance mediated by tokens. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 33 (8 UL) A generalization of Bohr-Mollerup's theorem for higher order convex functions: A tutorialMarichal, Jean-Luc ; Zenaïdi, NaïmE-print/Working paper (2022)In its additive version, Bohr-Mollerup's remarkable theorem states that the unique (up to an additive constant) convex solution $f(x)$ to the equation $\Delta f(x)=\ln x$ on the open half-line $(0,\infty ... [more ▼]In its additive version, Bohr-Mollerup's remarkable theorem states that the unique (up to an additive constant) convex solution$f(x)$to the equation$\Delta f(x)=\ln x$on the open half-line$(0,\infty)$is the log-gamma function$f(x)=\ln\Gamma(x)$, where$\Delta$denotes the classical difference operator and$\Gamma(x)$denotes the Euler gamma function. In a recently published open access book, the authors provided and illustrated a far-reaching generalization of Bohr-Mollerup's theorem by considering the functional equation$\Delta f(x)=g(x)$, where$g$can be chosen in a wide and rich class of functions that have convexity or concavity properties of any order. They also showed that the solutions$f(x)$arising from this generalization satisfy counterparts of many properties of the log-gamma function (or equivalently, the gamma function), including analogues of Bohr-Mollerup's theorem itself, Burnside's formula, Euler's infinite product, Euler's reflection formula, Gauss' limit, Gauss' multiplication formula, Gautschi's inequality, Legendre's duplication formula, Raabe's formula, Stirling's formula, Wallis's product formula, Weierstrass' infinite product, and Wendel's inequality for the gamma function. In this paper, we review the main results of this new and intriguing theory and provide an illustrative application. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 38 (5 UL) Early-to-mid idiopathic Parkinson’s disease shows a more cytotoxic but declined CD8-regulatory peripheral immune profileCapelle, Christophe; Cire, Séverine; Hansen, Maxime et alE-print/Working paper (2022)Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. Brain neuroinflammation plays a role in PD pathogenesis. However, the involvement of the peripheral immune system has not been ... [more ▼]Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. Brain neuroinflammation plays a role in PD pathogenesis. However, the involvement of the peripheral immune system has not been systematically investigated. Here we analyzed >700 combinatorial immunological features in fresh blood of 28 early-to-mid-stage PD patients and 24 matched controls. We found an enhanced cytotoxic immune profile in idiopathic PD patients (iPD), with a higher frequency of terminally-differentiated effector CD8 T (TEMRA), late-differentiated CD8+ natural killer T cells and neutrophils. This immune profile was intensified by elevated serum granzyme A, reduced percentages of CD8+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells and group 2 innate lymphoid cells with immunosuppressive or tolerance-inducing functions. The frequency of CD8 TEMRA was negatively correlated with disease duration, suggesting a contribution to PD pathogenesis. Our work provides a comprehensive map on disturbed peripheral adaptive and innate immune cells in early-to-mid iPD, proposing easily-accessible candidates for early diagnosis and treatments. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 27 (0 UL) Arbeitnehmer in Luxemburg wünschen sich verstärkt eine Reduktion ihrer vertraglichen ArbeitszeitSischka, Philipp ; Steffgen, Georges E-print/Working paper (2022)Im Rahmen dieser Newsletter wird aufgezeigt, wie sich die gewünschte Wochenarbeitszeit von Arbeitnehmern sowie die Differenz zwischen gewünschter Wochenarbeitszeit und vertraglicher Wochenarbeitszeit in ... [more ▼]Im Rahmen dieser Newsletter wird aufgezeigt, wie sich die gewünschte Wochenarbeitszeit von Arbeitnehmern sowie die Differenz zwischen gewünschter Wochenarbeitszeit und vertraglicher Wochenarbeitszeit in den vergangenen Jahren in Luxemburg entwickelt haben. Dabei zeigt sich, dass der Anteil an Arbeitnehmern, die gerne weniger arbeiten würden, zwischen 2018 und 2021 deutlich gestiegen ist (von 32,8% auf 43,9%). Die Arbeitnehmer, die gerne weniger pro Woche arbeiten würden, möchten im Durchschnitt etwa 8 Stunden weniger arbeiten. Diese Entwicklungen fallen jedoch differenziert nach verschiedenen Arbeitnehmer-Gruppen unterschiedlich aus. So wünschen sich Arbeitnehmer im Vergleich zu Arbeitnehmerinnen konstant eine längere Arbeitszeit. Differenziert nach Alter, sind es vor allem die ältesten Arbeitnehmer, die sich im Durchschnitt die kürzeste Wochenarbeitszeit wünschen. Arbeitnehmer, die gerne weniger arbeiten würden, berichten tendenziell auch über schlechtere Arbeitsbedingungen im Vergleich zu Arbeitnehmern, deren gewünschte Arbeitszeit mit ihrer vertraglichen Arbeitszeit übereinstimmt. Auch berichten Arbeitnehmer, die gerne weniger pro Woche arbeiten würden, über ein geringeres Wohlbefinden. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 27 (0 UL) The Geometry of SupersymmetryPoncin, Norbert ; Schouten, SarahE-print/Working paper (2022)Detailed reference viewed: 31 (4 UL) A SUSTAINABILITY CRISIS MAKES BAD LAWS - TOWARDS SANDBOX-THINKING IN EU SUSTAINABLE FINANCE REGULATIONBodellini, Marco E-print/Working paper (2022)Detailed reference viewed: 49 (3 UL) Genome-wide meta-analysis of over 29,000 people with epilepsy reveals 26 loci and subtype-specific genetic architectureInternational League Against Epilepsy Consortium on Complex Epilepsies Krause, Roland; Landoulsi, Zied ; May, Patrick et alE-print/Working paper (2022)Epilepsy is a highly heritable disorder affecting over 50 million people worldwide, of which about one-third are resistant to current treatments. Here, we report a trans-ethnic GWAS including 29,944 cases ... [more ▼]Epilepsy is a highly heritable disorder affecting over 50 million people worldwide, of which about one-third are resistant to current treatments. Here, we report a trans-ethnic GWAS including 29,944 cases, stratified into three broad- and seven sub-types of epilepsy, and 52,538 controls. We identify 26 genome-wide significant loci, 19 of which are specific to genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE). We implicate 29 likely causal genes underlying these 26 loci. SNP-based heritability analyses show that common variants substantially close the missing heritability gap for GGE. Subtype analysis revealed markedly different genetic architectures between focal and generalized epilepsies. Gene-set analysis of GGE signals implicate synaptic processes in both excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the brain. Prioritized candidate genes overlap with monogenic epilepsy genes and with targets of current anti-seizure medications. Finally, we leverage our results to identify alternate drugs with predicted efficacy if repurposed for epilepsy treatment. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 42 (6 UL) Optimal lockdown and vaccination policies to contain the spread of a mutating infectious diseasePrieur, Fabien; Ruan, Weihua; Zou, Benteng E-print/Working paper (2022)We develop a piecewise deterministic control model to study optimal lockdown and vaccination policies to manage a pandemic. Lockdown is modeled as an impulse control that allows the system to switch from ... [more ▼]We develop a piecewise deterministic control model to study optimal lockdown and vaccination policies to manage a pandemic. Lockdown is modeled as an impulse control that allows the system to switch from one restriction regime of restrictions to another. Vaccination policy is a continuous control. Decisions are taken under the risk of mutations of the disease, with repercussions on the transmission rate. The decision maker follows a cost minimization objective. We first characterize the optimality conditions for impulse control and show how the prospect of a mutation affects the decision maker's choice by inducing her to anticipate the relative benefit of a regime change after a mutation has occurred. Under some parametric conditions, our problem admits infinitely many value functions. We show the existence of a minimum value function that is a natural candidate to the solution given the nature of the problem. Focusing on this specific value function, we finally study the features of the optimal policy, especially the timing of impulse control. We prove that uncertainty surrounding future \bad" vs. \good" mutation of the disease expedites vs. delays the adoption of lockdown measures. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 34 (8 UL) Deep Learning for Ground and Non-ground Surface Separation: A Feature-based Semantic Segmentation Algorithm for Point Cloud ClassificationNurunnabi, Abdul Awal Md ; Lindenbergh, Roderik; Teferle, Felix Norman E-print/Working paper (2022)Precise ground surface topography is crucial for 3D city analysis, digital terrain modeling, natural disaster monitoring, high-density map generation, and autonomous navigation to name a few. Deep ... [more ▼]Precise ground surface topography is crucial for 3D city analysis, digital terrain modeling, natural disaster monitoring, high-density map generation, and autonomous navigation to name a few. Deep learning (DL; LeCun, et al., 2015), a division of machine learning (ML), has been achieving unparalleled success in image processing, and recently demonstrated a huge potential for point cloud analysis. This article presents a feature-based DL algorithm that classifies ground and non-ground points in aerial laser scanning point clouds. Recent advancements of remote sensing technologies make it possible digitizing the real world in a near automated fashion. LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) based point clouds that are a type of remotely sensed georeferenced data, providing detailed 3D information on objects and environment have been recognized as one of the most powerful means of digitization. Unlike imagery, point clouds are unstructured, sparse and of irregular data format which creates many challenges, but also provides huge opportunities for capturing geometric details of scanned surfaces with millimeter accuracy. Classifying and separating non-ground points from ground points largely reduce data volumes for consecutive analyses of either ground or non-ground surfaces, which consequently saves cost and labor, and simplifies further analysis. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 38 (0 UL) The road to a moratorium on kinetic ASAT testing is paved with good intentions, but is it feasible?The road to a moratorium on kinetic ASAT testing is paved with good intentions, but is it feasible?Zarkan, Laetitia ; Azcárate Ortega, AlmudenaE-print/Working paper (2022)Detailed reference viewed: 40 (0 UL) Mitochondrial DNA heteroplasmy distinguishes disease manifestation in PINK1- and PRKN-linked Parkinson's disease 2022.05.17.22275087Trinh, Joanne; Hicks, Andrew A.; Koenig, Inke R. et alE-print/Working paper (2022)Biallelic mutations in PINK1 and PRKN cause recessively inherited Parkinson's disease (PD). Though some studies suggest that PINK1/PRKN monoallelic mutations may not contribute to risk, deep phenotyping ... [more ▼]Biallelic mutations in PINK1 and PRKN cause recessively inherited Parkinson's disease (PD). Though some studies suggest that PINK1/PRKN monoallelic mutations may not contribute to risk, deep phenotyping assessment showed that PINK1 or PRKN monoallelic pathogenic variants were at a significantly higher rate in PD compared to controls. Given the established role of PINK1 and Parkin in regulating mitochondrial dynamics, we explored mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) integrity and inflammation as potential disease modifiers in carriers of mutations in these genes. MtDNA integrity, global gene expression and serum cytokine levels were investigated in a large collection of biallelic (n=84) and monoallelic (n=170) carriers of PINK1/PRKN mutations, iPD patients (n=67) and controls (n=90). Affected and unaffected PINK1/PRKN monoallelic mutation carriers can be distinguished by heteroplasmic mtDNA variant load (AUC=0.83, CI:0.74-0.93). Biallelic PINK1/PRKN mutation carriers harbor more heteroplasmic mtDNA variants in blood (p=0.0006, Z=3.63) compared to monoallelic mutation carriers. This enrichment was confirmed in iPSC-derived and postmortem midbrain neurons from biallelic PRKN-PD patients. Lastly, the heteroplasmic mtDNA variant load was found to correlate with IL6 levels in PINK1/PRKN mutation carriers (r=0.57, p=0.0074). PINK1/PRKN mutations predispose individuals to mtDNA variant accumulation in a dose- and disease-dependent manner. MtDNA variant load over time is a potential marker of disease manifestation in PINK1/PRKN mutation carriers.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.Funding StatementThe authors wish to thank the many patients and their families who volunteered, and the efforts of the many clinical teams involved. Funding has been obtained from the German Research Foundation (ProtectMove; FOR 2488, GR 3731/5-1; SE 2608/2-1; KO 2250/7-1), the Luxembourg National Research Fund in the ATTRACT (Model-IPD, FNR9631103), NCER-PD (FNR11264123) and INTER programmes (ProtectMove, FNR11250962; MiRisk-PD, C17/BM/11676395, NB 4328/2-1), the BMBF (MitoPD), the Hermann and Lilly Schilling Foundation, the European Community (SysMedPD), the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), Peter and Traudl Engelhorn Foundation. Initial studies in Tunisia on familial parkinsonism were in collaboration with Lefkos Middleton, Rachel Gibson, and the GlaxoSmithKline PD Programme Team (2002-2005). We would like to thank Dr Helen Tuppen from the Welcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, UK for providing us with the plasmid p7D1. Moreover, this project was supported by the high throughput/high content screening platform and HPC facility at the Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, and the University of Luxembourg.Author DeclarationsI confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained.YesThe details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below:University of Lubeck Ethics CommitteeI confirm that all necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived, and that any patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or participants themselves) outside the research group so cannot be used to identify individuals.YesI understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance).Yes I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines and uploaded the relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material as supplementary files, if applicable.YesAll data produced in the present study are available upon reasonable request to the authors [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 49 (1 UL) Erinnerungspolitik und –praxis in Luxemburg am Beispiel einer gegenwärtigen KontroverseKmec, Sonja E-print/Working paper (2022)In September 2021, so-called stumbling blocks were set by a Luxembourg school class: four for Jewish people who were murdered in concentration camps and eleven for young men who were forcibly drafted into ... [more ▼]In September 2021, so-called stumbling blocks were set by a Luxembourg school class: four for Jewish people who were murdered in concentration camps and eleven for young men who were forcibly drafted into the Wehrmacht and died in the war. The commemoration triggered a broadly received controversy, which this article aims to explain and contextualize. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 37 (1 UL) Internship and Public History TrainingCauvin, Thomas E-print/Working paper (2022)Detailed reference viewed: 31 (4 UL) Creating Public History Master Programs: International GuidelinesCauvin, Thomas ; Montt, Maria; Will, Stoutamire et alE-print/Working paper (2022)Detailed reference viewed: 203 (11 UL) Why and when coalitions split? An alternative analytical approach with an application to environmental agreementsBoucekkine, Raouf; Camacho, Carmen; Ruan, Weihua et alE-print/Working paper (2022)We use a parsimonious two-stage differential game setting where the duration of the first stage, the coalition stage, depends on the will of a particular player to leave the coalition through an explicit ... [more ▼]We use a parsimonious two-stage differential game setting where the duration of the first stage, the coalition stage, depends on the will of a particular player to leave the coalition through an explicit timing variable. By specializing in a standard linear-quadratic environmental model augmented with a minimal constitutional setting for the coalition (payoff share parameter), we are able to analytically extract several nontrivial findings. Three key aspects drive the results: the technological gap as an indicator of heterogeneity across players, the constitution of the coalition and the intensity of the public bad (here, the pollution damage). We provide with a full analytical solution to the two-stage differential game. In particular, we characterize the intermediate parametric cases leading to optimal nite time splitting. A key characteristic of these finite-time-lived coalitions is the requirement of the payoff share accruing to the splitting country to be large enough. Incidentally, our two-stage differential game setting reaches the conclusion that splitting countries are precisely those which use to benefit the most from the coalition. Constraining the payoff share to be low by Constitution may lead to optimal everlasting coalitions only provided initial pollution is high enough, which may cover the emergency cases we are witnessing nowadays. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 98 (9 UL) Solvability of systems of invariant differential equations on H2 and beyondPalmirotta, Guendalina ; Olbrich, Martin E-print/Working paper (2022)We show how the Fourier transform for distributional sections of vector bundles over symmetric spaces of non-compact type G/K can be used for questions of solvability of systems of invariant differential ... [more ▼]We show how the Fourier transform for distributional sections of vector bundles over symmetric spaces of non-compact type G/K can be used for questions of solvability of systems of invariant differential equations in analogy to Hörmander’s proof of the Ehrenpreis-Malgrange theorem. We get complete solvability for the hyperbolic plane H2 and partial results for products H^2 × · · · × H^2 and the hyperbolic 3-space H^3. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 44 (0 UL) Findings from the ÉpStan National Education Monitoring against the Background of the COVID-19 PandemicFischbach, Antoine ; Colling, Joanne ; Levy, Jessica et alE-print/Working paper (2022)Detailed reference viewed: 32 (7 UL) Les USA renoncent aux tests de destruction de satellites afin de réduire les débris spatiauxZarkan, Laetitia E-print/Working paper (2022)Detailed reference viewed: 33 (0 UL) Finite Mixture Models for an underlying Beta distribution with an application to COVID-19 dataSchiltz, Jang ; Noel, Cédric E-print/Working paper (2022)Detailed reference viewed: 34 (2 UL) Does (Re-)Entering the Labor Market at Advanced Ages Protect Against Cognitive Decline? A Panel-Matching Difference-in-differences ApproachKim, Jung Hyun ; Muniz-Terrera, Graciela; Leist, Anja E-print/Working paper (2022)While prolonged labor market participation becomes increasingly important in ageing societies, evidence of the impacts of entering or exiting work beyond age 65 on cognitive functioning is scarce. We ... [more ▼]While prolonged labor market participation becomes increasingly important in ageing societies, evidence of the impacts of entering or exiting work beyond age 65 on cognitive functioning is scarce. We estimate these effects using panel-matching difference-in-differences with populationrepresentative panel datasets from South Korea and the United States. We compare countries and across socioeconomic characteristics. We find general positive effects of entering the labor market in South Korea, while only individuals with high assets in the US benefit from entering the labor market. Exiting the labor market does not result in changes in cognitive functioning in Korea but is followed by a cognitive decline in individuals with low assets in the US. Findings suggest that the benefits and disincentives from late-life labor status transitions on cognitive functioning vary between South Korea and the US and across socioeconomic groups. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 31 (3 UL) Die Vielfalt der Sozialen Arbeit in Luxemburg und die Arbeitsmarktzahlen 2021Böwen, Petra ; Flammang, Manou LaureE-print/Working paper (2022)Dieser Newsletter beschreibt den Arbeitsmarkt der Sozialen Arbeit in Luxemburg 2021, gibt einen Überblick über die Berufsqualifikationen und die Vielfalt der Praxisfelder und spezifischen Arbeitsbereiche.Detailed reference viewed: 99 (2 UL) CNV-ClinViewer: Enhancing the clinical interpretation of large copy-number variants onlineMacnee, Marie; Perez-Palma, Eduardo; Brünger, Tobias et alE-print/Working paper (2022)Purpose Large copy number variants (CNVs) can cause a heterogeneous spectrum of rare and severe disorders. However, most CNVs are benign and are part of natural variation in human genomes. CNV ... [more ▼]Purpose Large copy number variants (CNVs) can cause a heterogeneous spectrum of rare and severe disorders. However, most CNVs are benign and are part of natural variation in human genomes. CNV pathogenicity classification, genotype-phenotype analyses, and therapeutic target identification are challenging and time-consuming tasks that require the integration and analysis of information from multiple scattered sources by experts. Methods We developed a web-application combining >250,000 patient and population CNVs together with a large set of biomedical annotations and provide tools for CNV classification based on ACMG/ClinGen guidelines and gene-set enrichment analyses. Results Here, we introduce the CNV-ClinViewer (https://cnv-ClinViewer.broadinstitute.org), an open-source web-application for clinical evaluation and visual exploration of CNVs. The application enables real-time interactive exploration of large CNV datasets in a user-friendly designed interface. Conclusion Overall, this resource facilitates semi-automated clinical CNV interpretation and genomic loci exploration and, in combination with clinical judgment, enables clinicians and researchers to formulate novel hypotheses and guide their decision-making process. Subsequently, the CNV-ClinViewer enhances for clinical investigators patient care and for basic scientists translational genomic research. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 144 (1 UL) Conserved patterns across ion channels correlate with variant pathogenicity and clinical phenotypes 2022.03.23.485339Brünger, Tobias; Perez-Palma, Eduardo; Montanucci, Ludovica et alE-print/Working paper (2022)Clinically identified genetic variants in ion channels can be benign or cause disease by increasing or decreasing the protein function. Consequently, therapeutic decision-making is challenging without ... [more ▼]Clinically identified genetic variants in ion channels can be benign or cause disease by increasing or decreasing the protein function. Consequently, therapeutic decision-making is challenging without molecular testing of each variant. Our biophysical knowledge of ion channel structures and function is just emerging, and it is currently not well understood which amino acid residues cause disease when mutated.We sought to systematically identify biological properties associated with variant pathogenicity across all major voltage and ligand-gated ion channel families. We collected and curated 3,049 pathogenic variants from hundreds of neurodevelopmental and other disorders and 12,546 population variants for 30 ion channel or channel subunits for which a high-quality protein structure was available. Using a wide range of bioinformatics approaches, we computed 163 structural features and tested them for pathogenic variant enrichment. We developed a novel 3D spatial distance scoring approach that enables comparisons of pathogenic and population variant distribution across protein structures.We discovered and independently replicated that several pore residue properties and proximity to the pore axis were most significantly enriched for pathogenic variants compared to population variants. Using our novel 3D scoring approach, we showed that the strongest pathogenic variant enrichment was observed for pore-lining residues and alpha-helix residues within 5 A distance from the pore axis center and not involved in gating. Within the subset of residues located at the pore, the hydrophobicity of the pore was the feature most strongly associated with variant pathogenicity. We also found an association between the identified properties and both clinical phenotypes and fucntional in vitro assays for voltage-gated sodium channels (SCN1A, SCN2A, SCN8A) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor (GRIN1, GRIN2A, GRIN2B) encoding genes. In an independent expert-curated dataset of 1,422 neurodevelopmental disorder pathogenic patient variants, and 679 electrophysiological experiments that pore axis distance is associated with seizure age of onset and cognitive performance as well as differential gain vs. loss-of-channel function.In summary, we identified biological properties associated with ion-channel malfunction and show that these are correlated with in vitro functional read-outs and clinical phenotypes in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders. Our results suggest that clinical decision support algorithms that predict variant pathogenicity and function are feasible in the future.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.DSSPDictionary of Protein Secondary StructuregnomADGenome aggregation DatabaseGoFGain of functionGRIN genesGRIN1, GRIN2A. GRIN2BHGMDHuman Gene Mutation DatabaseNMDA receptorN-methyl-D-aspartate receptorGABA receptorGamma-aminobutyric acid receptorLoFLoss of functionSCN genesSCN1A, SCN2A, SCN8AVCFVariant Call Format [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 27 (0 UL) POTENTIAL METHOD AND PROJECTION THEOREMS FOR MACROSCOPIC HAUSDORFF DIMENSIONDaw, Lara ; Seuret, StephaneE-print/Working paper (2022)Detailed reference viewed: 38 (2 UL) Estimating a regression function in exponential families by model selectionChen, Juntong E-print/Working paper (2022)Detailed reference viewed: 78 (27 UL) Pandemic Impacts on Sustainability and Hartwick’s RuleMavi, Can; Zou, Benteng E-print/Working paper (2022)In this study, we present a modified Hartwick rule encompassing the dynamics of pandemic, such as COVID-19. In our setting, the labor productivity gradually improves after the pandemic shock and may even ... [more ▼]In this study, we present a modified Hartwick rule encompassing the dynamics of pandemic, such as COVID-19. In our setting, the labor productivity gradually improves after the pandemic shock and may even go beyond its pre-pandemic level due to the remote work and digitalization as also suggested by the empirical evidence. We demonstrate that a gradual labor productivity increase helps to conserve natural resources. We provide a theoretical foundation for a“sooner-the-better" strategy to control a pandemic, and we show that policy maker should implement a “whatever it costs” response to ensure that the transmission rate of the virus is below the recovery rate from the very beginning of the pandemic. Otherwise, the economy cannot have a sustained utility. We also analyze the implications of an “uncertain” pandemic on the intertemporal dynamics of natural resource and capital accumulation under the maximin criterion. Another important finding is that there exists a new economic and public health trade-off since a strong prevention policy is shown to decrease capital accumulation. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 61 (6 UL) trajeR, an R package for cluster analysis of time seriesNoel, Cédric ; Schiltz, Jang E-print/Working paper (2022)Detailed reference viewed: 31 (0 UL) Delorme’s intertwining conditions for sections of homogeneous vector bundles on two and three dimensional hyperbolic spacesPalmirotta, Guendalina ; Olbrich, Martin E-print/Working paper (2022)The description of the Paley-Wiener space for compactly supported smooth functions C_c^∞(G) on a semi-simple Lie group G involves certain intertwining conditions that are difficult to handle. In the ... [more ▼]The description of the Paley-Wiener space for compactly supported smooth functions C_c^∞(G) on a semi-simple Lie group G involves certain intertwining conditions that are difficult to handle. In the present paper, we make them completely explicit for G = SL(2, R)^d (d ∈ N) and G = SL(2, C). Our results are based on a defining criterion for the Paley-Wiener space, valid for general groups of real rank one, that we derive from Delorme’s proof of the Paley-Wiener theorem. In a forthcoming paper, we will show how these results can be used to study solvability of invariant differential operators between sections of homogeneous vector bundles over the corresponding symmetric spaces. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 47 (0 UL) Retransmission of broadcast signals by cable in hotels - An analysis of the EU CabSat-Directive in light of a pending CJEU caseCole, Mark David E-print/Working paper (2022)It is well-known that the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) has played a key role in giving the EU acquis in the area of intellectual property law the relevance it has today. Especially the ... [more ▼]It is well-known that the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) has played a key role in giving the EU acquis in the area of intellectual property law the relevance it has today. Especially the series of judgments clarifying the broad notion of “communication to the public” as laid down in form of an exclusive right in the so-called InfoSoc Directive 2001/29/EC with which the position of authors was significantly reinforced is an extensively debated and commented outcome. Until the recent addition of the DSM Copyright-Directive (EU) 2019/790 to the EU acquis with its inclusion of a press publisher’s right and increased obligations of platforms when they allow users to upload potentially copyrighted material, the InfoSoc Directive of 2001 has always been in the centre of attention. In the shadow of that Directive stands the so-called CabSat Directive 93/83/EEC , originally created in 1993 as supplementary action in order to ensure the realization of an EU-wide single market for television broadcasting which was initiated by the Television without Frontiers-Directive (TwFD) 89/552/EEC . The aim of the CabSat Directive was and remains the goal of ensuring that in the use of satellite distribution of broadcast programmes as well as retransmission by cable, rightholders’ positions are safeguarded and procedures respected that allow for a smooth realization of such use of broadcast signals. This Directive has only rarely been subject of preliminary reference requests by national courts. This makes a currently pending case highly relevant and gives the Court a unique opportunity to complement its case law on communication to the public for the specific aspect of retransmission of broadcasting signals: It has already in the ground-breaking decision of SGAE in 2006 clarified very firmly that the forwarding of broadcast signals – television programmes, notabene – by hotel operators to the individual rooms of a hotel and thereby offering the guests the possibility of individual access to the broadcast programmes constitutes a communication to the public. For such communication an authorization by the author(s) is needed and without such authorization it violates the exclusive right as laid down in Art. 3(1) InfoSoc Directive. While this has been settled concerning authors, the pending case of C-716/20 concerns exactly the same setup – a hotel operator picking up a satellite signal and disseminating it via cable to the hotel rooms – except that this time the questions to the court are asked through the lens of the CabSat Directive and the legal position of broadcasters vis-à-vis the hotel operators as provided for by the specific national law which transposed EU law. This contribution will therefore first explain the notion of ‘cable retransmission’ and in which parts of EU law it is laid down or referred to (II.). It will then give a more detailed look at the relevant provisions of the CabSat Directive and other related secondary law which establishes the framework for questions of cable retransmission and communication to the public (III.). Further, the case law of the CJEU will be analysed in order to identify those judgments that contribute to the clarification of the open question whether a retransmission by cable of a broadcast programme by hotel operators falls under the notion of cable retransmission as presented (IV.). As the actual question has not been answered by the Court in its jurisprudence so far, the main aspects of the pending preliminary proceedings will be explained without going into the details of the national proceedings of the previous instances, before the Portuguese Supremo Tribunal de Justiça (Supreme Court) decided to stay the proceedings and request from the CJEU a clarification of the EU law-related aspects. The criteria as developed will show – when applied to the case at hand – that the hotel operator needs to be qualified as an operator of a cable network conducting a cable retransmission (V.). Finally, in a concluding section the relevance of the outcome of this case will be discussed (VI.). [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 55 (0 UL) FINCITY -- Excerpt from project descriptionHesse, Markus ; Dörry, Sabine; Sigler, ThomasE-print/Working paper (2022)Detailed reference viewed: 56 (0 UL) Estimation of the invariant density for discretely observed diffusion processes: impact of the sampling and of the asynchronicityAmorino, Chiara ; Gloter, ArnaudE-print/Working paper (2022)Detailed reference viewed: 16 (0 UL) Situational Graphs for Robot Navigation in Structured Indoor EnvironmentsBavle, Hriday ; Sanchez Lopez, Jose Luis ; Shaheer, Muhammad et alE-print/Working paper (2022)Detailed reference viewed: 67 (5 UL) Towards Generalizable Machine Learning for Chest X-ray Diagnosis with Multi-task learningGhamizi, Salah ; Garcia Santa Cruz, Beatriz ; Temple, Paul et alE-print/Working paper (2022)Clinicians use chest radiography (CXR) to diagnose common pathologies. Automated classification of these diseases can expedite analysis workflow, scale to growing numbers of patients and reduce healthcare ... [more ▼]Clinicians use chest radiography (CXR) to diagnose common pathologies. Automated classification of these diseases can expedite analysis workflow, scale to growing numbers of patients and reduce healthcare costs. While research has produced classification models that perform well on a given dataset, the same models lack generalization on different datasets. This reduces confidence that these models can be reliably deployed across various clinical settings. We propose an approach based on multitask learning to improve model generalization. We demonstrate that learning a (main) pathology together with an auxiliary pathology can significantly impact generalization performance (between -10% and +15% AUC-ROC). A careful choice of auxiliary pathology even yields competitive performance with state-of-the-art models that rely on fine-tuning or ensemble learning, using between 6% and 34% of the training data that these models required. We, further, provide a method to determine what is the best auxiliary task to choose without access to the target dataset. Ultimately, our work makes a big step towards the creation of CXR diagnosis models applicable in the real world, through the evidence that multitask learning can drastically improve generalization. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 78 (10 UL) Nimmt die Beschäftigungsqualität in Luxemburg ab?Sischka, Philipp ; Steffgen, Georges E-print/Working paper (2022)Im Rahmen dieser Newsletter wird aufgezeigt wie sich die verschiedenen Dimensionen der Beschäftigungsqualität in den vergangenen 6 Jahren in Luxemburg entwickelt haben. Dabei zeigt sich, dass die ... [more ▼]Im Rahmen dieser Newsletter wird aufgezeigt wie sich die verschiedenen Dimensionen der Beschäftigungsqualität in den vergangenen 6 Jahren in Luxemburg entwickelt haben. Dabei zeigt sich, dass die Einkommenszufriedenheit und die wahrgenommenen Ausbildungsmöglichkeiten über die Zeit insgesamt eher abgenommen, und die Work-Life-Konflikte zugenommen haben. Diese Entwicklungen fallen differenziert nach verschiedenen Arbeitnehmer-Gruppen unterschiedlich aus. Beispielsweise haben Work-Life-Konflikte bei Arbeitnehmerinnen stärker zugenommen als bei Arbeitnehmern. Arbeitnehmer mit Kindern wiederum berichten im Vergleich zu Arbeitnehmer ohne Kinder über einen Rückgang der Beförderungsmöglichkeiten. Arbeitnehmer in staatlichen Organisationen weisen über die Zeit konstant höhere Werte bei Einkommenszufriedenheit, Ausbildungsmöglichkeiten und Arbeitsplatzsicherheit auf, im Vergleich zu Arbeitnehmern in privaten Unternehmen oder sonstigen Organisationen. Ergänzend zeigt sich, dass die Dimensionen der Beschäftigungsqualität mit verschiedenen Wohlbefindens-Dimensionen assoziiert sind. Insbesondere weisen höhere Work-Life-Konflikte Zusammenhänge mit geringerer Arbeitsmotivation, geringerer Arbeitszufriedenheit und geringerem generellem Well-Being, sowie erhöhtem Burnoutniveau und verstärkten Gesundheitsproblemen auf. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 14 (0 UL) Clinically relevant combined effect of polygenic background, rare pathogenic germline variants, and family history on colorectal cancer incidence 2022.01.20.22269585Hassanin, Emadeldin; Spier, Isabel; Bobbili, Dheeraj Reddy et alE-print/Working paper (2022)Background and aims: Summarised in polygenic risk scores (PRS), the effect of common, low penetrant genetic variants associated with colorectal cancer (CRC), can be used for risk stratification.Methods To ... [more ▼]Background and aims: Summarised in polygenic risk scores (PRS), the effect of common, low penetrant genetic variants associated with colorectal cancer (CRC), can be used for risk stratification.Methods To assess the combined impact of the PRS and other main factors on CRC risk, 163,516 individuals from the UK Biobank were stratified as follows: 1. carriers status for germline pathogenic variants (PV) in CRC susceptibility genes (APC, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2), 2. low (<20%), intermediate (20-80%), or high PRS (>80\%), and 3. family history (FH) of CRC. Multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were applied to compare odds ratios (OR) and to compute the lifetime incidence, respectively. Results: Depending on the PRS, the CRC lifetime incidence for non-carriers ranges between 6 and 22\%, compared to 40 and 74 for carriers. A suspicious FH is associated with a further increase of the cumulative incidence reaching 26 for non-carriers and 98 for carriers. In non-carriers without FH, but high PRS, the CRC risk is doubled, whereas a low PRS even in the context of a FH results in a decreased risk. The full model including PRS, carrier status, and FH improved the area under the curve (AUC) in risk prediction (0.704). Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that CRC risks are strongly influenced by the PRS for both a sporadic and monogenic background. FH, PV, and common variants complementary contribute to CRC risk. The implementation of PRS in routine care will likely improve personalized risk stratification, which will in turn guide tailored preventive surveillance strategies in high, intermediate, and low risk groups. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 63 (3 UL) Der Arbeitsmarkt der Sozialen Arbeit 2020 = Le marché de l'emploi du secteur social en 2020Böwen, Petra ; Flammang, Manou Laure E-print/Working paper (2022)Dieser Newsletter beschreibt den Arbeitsmarkt der Sozialen Arbeit in Luxemburg 2020 und die Entwicklung der Zahlen in einigen Bereichen für 2018 bis 2020. Die Daten stammen von einem fortlaufenden ... [more ▼]Dieser Newsletter beschreibt den Arbeitsmarkt der Sozialen Arbeit in Luxemburg 2020 und die Entwicklung der Zahlen in einigen Bereichen für 2018 bis 2020. Die Daten stammen von einem fortlaufenden Forschungsprojekt des PraxisBüros der Universität Luxemburg. Der Newsletter stellt eine Auswahl an Statistiken dar, z.B. bezüglich der meist gefragten Qualifikationsniveaus, der Verteilung der Praxisfelder, der Verteilung der Stellenangebote zwischen öffentlichen, kommunalen, gemeinnützigen und privaten Trägern und der erfassten enormen Diskrepanz zwischen Nachfrage und Angebot an qualifizierten Professionellen in der Sozialen Arbeit. Desweiteren werden Entwicklungstrends- vor allem zu Thema Aus- und Weiterbildung aufgezeigt. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 775 (53 UL) The Irreversible Pollution GameBoucekkine, Raouf; Ruan, Weihua; Zou, Benteng E-print/Working paper (2022)We study a 2-country differential game with irreversible pollution. Irresability is of a hard type: above a certain threshold level of pollution, the self-cleaning capacity of Nature drops to zero ... [more ▼]We study a 2-country differential game with irreversible pollution. Irresability is of a hard type: above a certain threshold level of pollution, the self-cleaning capacity of Nature drops to zero. Accordingly, the game includes a non-concave feature, and we characterize both the cooperative and non-cooperative versions with this general non-LQ property. We deliver full analytical results for the existence of Markov Perfect Equilibria. We first demonstrate that when pollution costs are equal across players (symmetry), irreversible pollution regimes are more frequently reached than under cooperation. Second, we study the implications of asymmetry in the pollution cost. We find far nontrivial results on the reachability of the irreversible regime. However, we unambiguously prove that, for the same total cost of pollution, provided the irreversible regime is reached in both the symmetric and asymmetric cases, long-term pollution is larger in the symmetric case, reflecting more intensive free-riding under symmetry. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 97 (14 UL) TRADE SECRET PROTECTION AND R&D INVESTMENT OF FAMILY FIRMSHussinger, Katrin ; Issah, WunnamE-print/Working paper (2022)Detailed reference viewed: 76 (2 UL) An archaeal compound as a driver of Parkinson’s disease pathogenesisTrezzi, Jean-Pierre; Aho, Velma ; Jäger, Christian et alE-print/Working paper (2022)Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) exhibit differences in their gut microbiomes compared to healthy individuals. Although differences have most commonly been described in the abundances of bacterial ... [more ▼]Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) exhibit differences in their gut microbiomes compared to healthy individuals. Although differences have most commonly been described in the abundances of bacterial taxa, changes to viral and archaeal populations have also been observed. Mechanistic links between gut microbes and PD pathogenesis remain elusive but could involve molecules that promote α-synuclein aggregation. Here, we show that 2-hydroxypyridine (2-HP) represents a key molecule for the pathogenesis of PD. We observe significantly elevated 2-HP levels in faecal samples from patients with PD or its prodrome, idiopathic REM sleep behaviour disorder (iRBD), compared to healthy controls. 2-HP is correlated with the archaeal species Methanobrevibacter smithii and with genes involved in methane metabolism, and it is detectable in isolate cultures of M. smithii. We demonstrate that 2-HP is selectively toxic to transgenic α-synuclein overexpressing yeast and increases α-synuclein aggregation in a yeast model as well as in human induced pluripotent stem cell derived enteric neurons. It also exacerbates PD-related motor symptoms, α-synuclein aggregation, and striatal degeneration when injected intrastriatally in transgenic mice overexpressing human α-synuclein. Our results highlight the effect of an archaeal molecule in relation to the gut-brain axis, which is critical for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of PD. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 31 (3 UL) TOWARDS A EUROPEAN SOCIAL TAXONOMY: A SCORECARD APPROACHBodellini, Marco E-print/Working paper (2022)Detailed reference viewed: 8 (1 UL) On Leopoldt's and Gross's defects for Artin representationsMaksoud, Alexandre E-print/Working paper (2022)We generalize Waldschmidt's bound for Leopoldt's defect and prove a similar bound for Gross's defect for an arbitrary extension of number fields. As an application, we prove new cases of the generalized ... [more ▼]We generalize Waldschmidt's bound for Leopoldt's defect and prove a similar bound for Gross's defect for an arbitrary extension of number fields. As an application, we prove new cases of the generalized Gross conjecture (also known as the Gross-Kuz'min conjecture) beyond the classical abelian case, and we show that Gross's p-adic regulator has at least half of the conjectured rank. We also describe and compute non-cyclotomic analogues of Gross's defect. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 39 (0 UL) DLT-Based Enhancement of Cross-Border Payment Efficiency – a Legal and Regulatory PerspectiveZetzsche, Dirk Andreas ; Anker-Sorensen, Linn; Passador, Maria et alE-print/Working paper (2022)Detailed reference viewed: 50 (3 UL) Building Regional Payment Areas: The Single Rule Book ApproachZetzsche, Dirk Andreas ; Lammer, Thomas; Gazi, S. et alE-print/Working paper (2022)Detailed reference viewed: 30 (0 UL) From gravity to string topologyMerkoulov (merkulov), Serguei E-print/Working paper (2022)The chain gravity properad introduced earlier by the author acts on the cyclic Hochschild of any cyclic A∞ algebra equipped with a scalar product of degree −d. In particular, it acts on the cyclic ... [more ▼]The chain gravity properad introduced earlier by the author acts on the cyclic Hochschild of any cyclic A∞ algebra equipped with a scalar product of degree −d. In particular, it acts on the cyclic Hochschild complex of any Poincare duality algebra of degree d, and that action factors through a quotient dg properad ST3−d of ribbon graphs which is in focus of this paper. We show that its cohomology properad H∙(ST3−d) is highly non-trivial and that it acts canonically on the reduced equivariant homology H¯S1∙(LM) of the loop space LM of any simply connected d-dimensional closed manifold M. By its very construction, the string topology properad H∙(ST3−d) comes equipped with a morphism from the gravity properad which is fully determined by the compactly supported cohomology of the moduli spaces Mg,n of stable algebraic curves of genus g with marked points. This result gives rise to new universal operations in string topology as well as reproduces in a unified way several known constructions: we show that (i) H∙(ST3−d) is also a properad under the properad of involutive Lie bialgebras in degree 3−d whose induced action on H¯S1∙(LM) agrees precisely with the famous purely geometric construction of M. Chas and D. Sullivan, (ii) H∙(ST3−d) is a properad under the properad of homotopy involutive Lie bialgebras in degree 2−d; (iii) E. Getzler's gravity operad injects into H∙(ST3−d) implying a purely algebraic counterpart of the geometric construction of C. Westerland establishing an action of the gravity operad on H¯S1∙(LM). [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 51 (0 UL) A restless badit approach for capacitated condition based maintenance schedulingDemirci, Ece; Arts, Joachim ; Van Houtum, Geert-JanE-print/Working paper (2022)Detailed reference viewed: 98 (11 UL) Francis Édeline, Entre la lettre et l’image. A la recherche d’un lieu commun (Textes réunis par Juliana Di Fiori Pondian), Louvain-la-Neuve, Academia, L’Harmattan « Extensions sémiotiques », 2020, 304 pages, ISBN : 978-2-8061-0550-9,Roelens, Nathalie E-print/Working paper (2022)Detailed reference viewed: 42 (0 UL) Homological projective duality for the Segre cubicBeckmann, Thorsten; Belmans, Pieter E-print/Working paper (2022)The Segre cubic and Castelnuovo-Richmond quartic are two projectively dual hypersurfaces in P^4, with a long and rich history starting in the 19th century. We will explain how Kuznetsov's theory of ... [more ▼]The Segre cubic and Castelnuovo-Richmond quartic are two projectively dual hypersurfaces in P^4, with a long and rich history starting in the 19th century. We will explain how Kuznetsov's theory of homological projective duality lifts this projective duality to a relationship between the derived category of a small resolution of the Segre cubic and a small resolution of the Coble fourfold, the double cover of P^4 ramified along the Castelnuovo-Richmond quartic. Homological projective duality then provides a description of the derived categories of linear sections, which we will describe to illustrate the theory. The case of the Segre cubic and Coble fourfold is non-trivial enough to exhibit interesting behavior, whilst being easy enough to explain the general machinery in this special and very classical case. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 36 (0 UL) A topological Paley-Wiener-Schwartz Theorem for sections of homogeneous vector bundles on G/KPalmirotta, Guendalina ; Olbrich, Martin E-print/Working paper (2022)We study the Fourier transform for compactly supported distributional sections of complex homogeneous vector bundles on symmetric spaces of non-compact type X = G/K. We prove a characterisation of their ... [more ▼]We study the Fourier transform for compactly supported distributional sections of complex homogeneous vector bundles on symmetric spaces of non-compact type X = G/K. We prove a characterisation of their range. In fact, from Delorme’s Paley-Wiener theorem for compactly supported smooth functions on a real reductive group of Harish-Chandra class, we deduce topological Paley-Wiener and Paley-Wiener- Schwartz theorems for sections. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 53 (6 UL) Fiefs des comtes de Luxembourg au 13e siècle (Grande Région SaarLorLux)Moulin, Philippe; Helfer, Malte ; Pauly, Michel et alE-print/Working paper (2022)This map is an attempt at a cartographic representation of the active fiefs of the Counts of Luxembourg between 1200 and 1310. The map is intended to visualise the presence, frequency and type of feudal ... [more ▼]This map is an attempt at a cartographic representation of the active fiefs of the Counts of Luxembourg between 1200 and 1310. The map is intended to visualise the presence, frequency and type of feudal estates of the Counts of Luxembourg. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 34 (3 UL) Wavelet methods to study the pointwise regularity of the generalized Rosenblatt processDaw, Lara ; Loosveldt, Laurent E-print/Working paper (2022)We prove that we can identify three types of pointwise behaviour in the regularity of the (generalized) Rosenblatt process. This extends to a non Gaussian setting previous results known for the ... [more ▼]We prove that we can identify three types of pointwise behaviour in the regularity of the (generalized) Rosenblatt process. This extends to a non Gaussian setting previous results known for the (fractional) Brownian motion. On this purpose, fine bounds on the increments of the Rosenblatt process are needed. Our analysis is essentially based on various wavelet methods. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 66 (18 UL) An a posteriori error estimator for the spectral fractional power of the LaplacianBulle, Raphaël ; Barrera, Olga; Bordas, Stéphane et alE-print/Working paper (2022)We develop a novel a posteriori error estimator for the L2 error committed by the finite ele- ment discretization of the solution of the fractional Laplacian. Our a posteriori error estimator takes ... [more ▼]We develop a novel a posteriori error estimator for the L2 error committed by the finite ele- ment discretization of the solution of the fractional Laplacian. Our a posteriori error estimator takes advantage of the semi–discretization scheme using a rational approximation which allows to reformulate the fractional problem into a family of non–fractional parametric problems. The estimator involves applying the implicit Bank–Weiser error estimation strategy to each parametric non–fractional problem and reconstructing the fractional error through the same rational approximation used to compute the solution to the original fractional problem. We provide several numerical examples in both two and three-dimensions demonstrating the effectivity of our estimator for varying fractional powers and its ability to drive an adaptive mesh refinement strategy. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 64 (3 UL) Ready for the future? – The third Education Report for Luxembourg (Supplement)Lenz, Thomas ; Backes, Susanne ; Ugen, Sonja et alE-print/Working paper (2022)Detailed reference viewed: 31 (0 UL) Findings from the ÉpStan National Education Monitoring against the Background of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Online SupplementFischbach, Antoine ; Colling, Joanne ; Levy, Jessica et alE-print/Working paper (2022)Detailed reference viewed: 30 (3 UL) Robust density estimation with the L1-loss. Applications to the estimation of a density on the line satisfying a shape constraintBaraud, Yannick ; Halconruy, Hélène ; Maillard, Guillaume E-print/Working paper (2022)We solve the problem of estimating the distribution of presumed i.i.d.\ observations for the total variation loss. Our approach is based on density models and is versatile enough to cope with many ... [more ▼]We solve the problem of estimating the distribution of presumed i.i.d.\ observations for the total variation loss. Our approach is based on density models and is versatile enough to cope with many different ones, including some density models for which the Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE for short) does not exist. We mainly illustrate the properties of our estimator on models of densities on the line that satisfy a shape constraint. We show that it possesses some similar optimality properties, with regard to some global rates of convergence, as the MLE does when it exists. It also enjoys some adaptation properties with respect to some specific target densities in the model for which our estimator is proven to converge at parametric rate. More important is the fact that our estimator is robust, not only with respect to model misspecification, but also to contamination, the presence of outliers among the dataset and the equidistribution assumption. This means that the estimator performs almost as well as if the data were i.i.d.\ with density$p$in a situation where these data are only independent and most of their marginals are close enough in total variation to a distribution with density$p$. {We also show that our estimator converges to the average density of the data, when this density belongs to the model, even when none of the marginal densities belongs to it}. Our main result on the risk of the estimator takes the form of an exponential deviation inequality which is non-asymptotic and involves explicit numerical constants. We deduce from it several global rates of convergence, including some bounds for the minimax L1-risks over the sets of concave and log-concave densities. These bounds derive from some specific results on the approximation of densities which are monotone, convex, concave and log-concave. Such results may be of independent interest. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 50 (6 UL) The Tor Spectral Sequence and Flat Morphisms in Homotopical D-GeometryGovzmann, Alisa ; Pistalo, Damjan ; Poncin, Norbert E-print/Working paper (2022)Detailed reference viewed: 32 (6 UL) How Patent Rights Affect University ScienceBerge, Laurent; Doherr, Thorsten; Hussinger, Katrin E-print/Working paper (2022)Detailed reference viewed: 15 (3 UL) A Conjecture of Coleman on the Eisenstein FamilyAdvocaat, Bryan ; Kiming, Ian; Wiese, Gabor E-print/Working paper (2022)We prove for primes$p\ge 5$a conjecture of Coleman on the analytic continuation of the family of modular functions$\frac{\Es_\k}{V(\Es_\k)}$derived from the family of Eisenstein series$\Es_\k$. The ... [more ▼]We prove for primes$p\ge 5$a conjecture of Coleman on the analytic continuation of the family of modular functions$\frac{\Es_\k}{V(\Es_\k)}$derived from the family of Eisenstein series$\Es_\k$. The precise, quantitative formulation of the conjecture involved a certain on$p$depending constant. We show by an example that the conjecture with the constant that Coleman conjectured cannot hold in general for all primes. On the other hand, the constant that we give is also shown not to be optimal in all cases. The conjecture is motivated by its connection to certain central statements in works by Buzzard and Kilford, and by Roe, concerning the halo'' conjecture for the primes$2$and$3$, respectively. We show how our results generalize those statements and comment on possible future developments. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 27 (1 UL) Mechanisms to buffer variability in cell regulation motifs close to criticalityProverbio, Daniele ; Noronha Montanari, Arthur ; Skupin, Alexander et alE-print/Working paper (2022)Bistable biological regulatory systems need to cope with stochastic noise to fine-tune their function close to bifurcation points. Here, we study stability properties of this regime in generic systems to ... [more ▼]Bistable biological regulatory systems need to cope with stochastic noise to fine-tune their function close to bifurcation points. Here, we study stability properties of this regime in generic systems to demonstrate that cooperative interactions buffer system variability, hampering noise-induced regime shifts. Our analysis also shows that, in the considered cooperativity range, impending regime shifts can be generically detected by statistical early warning signals from distributional data. Our generic framework, based on minimal models, can be used to extract robustness and variability properties of more complex models and empirical data close to criticality. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 37 (0 UL) Splitting fields of X^n-X-1 (particularly for n=5), prime decomposition and modular formsKhare, Chandrashekhar; La Rosa, Alfio Fabio ; Wiese, Gabor E-print/Working paper (2022)We study the splitting fields of the family of polynomials$f_n(X)= X^n-X-1$. This family of polynomials has been much studied in the literature and has some remarkable properties. Serre related the ... [more ▼]We study the splitting fields of the family of polynomials$f_n(X)= X^n-X-1$. This family of polynomials has been much studied in the literature and has some remarkable properties. Serre related the function on primes$N_p(f_n)$, for a fixed$n \leq 4$and$p$a varying prime, which counts the number of roots of$f_n(X)$in$\mathbb F_p$to coefficients of modular forms. We study the case$n=5$, and relate$N_p(f_5)$to mod$5$modular forms over$\mathbb Q$, and to characteristic 0, parallel weight 1 Hilbert modular forms over$\mathbb Q(\sqrt{19 \cdot 151})\$. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 34 (2 UL) THE EU SUSTAINABLE FINANCE FRAMEWORK IN LIGHT OF INTERNATIONAL STANDARDSBodellini, Marco E-print/Working paper (2022)Detailed reference viewed: 14 (1 UL) The public role of private actors: Internet service providers in the E-Evidence proposalTosza, Stanislaw E-print/Working paper (2022)Detailed reference viewed: 21 (0 UL) TRADE SECRET PROTECTION AND R&D INVESTMENT OF FAMILY FIRMSHussinger, Katrin ; Issah, Abdul-Basit E-print/Working paper (2022)Detailed reference viewed: 137 (0 UL) Investigating the nexus between Volatilities of Bitcoin, Gold, and American Stock Markets during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from ARMA-DCC-GARCH and NAR-NN ModelsTerraza, Virginie ; Boru İpek, Aslı; Rounaghi, Mohammad MahdiE-print/Working paper (2022)Detailed reference viewed: 18 (0 UL) binny: an automated binning algorithm to recover high-quality genomes from complex metagenomic datasets 2021.12.22.473795Hickl, Oskar ; Teixeira Queiros, Pedro ; Wilmes, Paul et alE-print/Working paper (2021)The reconstruction of genomes is a critical step in genome-resolved metagenomics as well as for multi-omic data integration from microbial communities. Here, we present binny, a binning tool that produces ... [more ▼]The reconstruction of genomes is a critical step in genome-resolved metagenomics as well as for multi-omic data integration from microbial communities. Here, we present binny, a binning tool that produces high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes from both contiguous and highly fragmented genomes. Based on established metrics, binny outperforms existing state-of-the-art binning methods and finds unique genomes that could not be detected by other methods.binny uses k-mer-composition and coverage by metagenomic reads for iterative, non-linear dimension reduction of genomic signatures as well as subsequent automated contig clustering with cluster assessment using lineage-specific marker gene sets.When compared to five widely used binning algorithms, binny recovers the most near-complete (\>95 pure, \>90 complete) and high-quality (\>90 pure, \>70 complete) genomes from simulated data sets from the Critical Assessment of Metagenome Interpretation (CAMI) initiative, as well as from a real-world benchmark comprised of metagenomes from various environments. binny is implemented as Snakemake workflow and available from https://github.com/a-h-b/binny.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 99 (10 UL) Old Monarchies in Old Europe. Anything new? An Appetizer, with Special Reference to LiechtensteinHeuschling, Luc E-print/Working paper (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 77 (8 UL) Zwischen Denkmalschutz und kanonischem Recht. Die Debatte über die Umnutzung entweihter KirchenPauly, Michel E-print/Working paper (2021)Beim Denkmalschutz von Kirchen wird das Mobiliar in den Kirchen, vom Gestühl bis zum liturgischen Gerät, leider nicht mitgeschützt. Ein ausführlichres Inventar und eine Vereinfachung der Rechtspraxis ... [more ▼]Beim Denkmalschutz von Kirchen wird das Mobiliar in den Kirchen, vom Gestühl bis zum liturgischen Gerät, leider nicht mitgeschützt. Ein ausführlichres Inventar und eine Vereinfachung der Rechtspraxis drängen sich auf. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 41 (1 UL) The precautionary principle and the authorisation of Covid-19 vaccines under EUDonati, Alessandra E-print/Working paper (2021)The decision of the EU Commission, based on positive advice from the European Medicines Agency, to grant conditional marketing authorisation to Covid-19 vaccines should be qualified as a precautionary ... [more ▼]The decision of the EU Commission, based on positive advice from the European Medicines Agency, to grant conditional marketing authorisation to Covid-19 vaccines should be qualified as a precautionary measure. Under the established case law of the CJEU, the conditions for the application of this principle are met. Such conditions are the existence of a risk to the environment and public health and uncertainty. Given this qualification as a precautionary measure, whether the Commission had complied with the procedural obligations that surround the implementation of this principle under EU law was assessed. Some shortcomings are identified concerning the risk assessment conducted by the European Medicines Agency and the risk management carried out by the Commission. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 57 (0 UL) Entre force et diplomatie spatiale : le missile russe Nudol s'invite à la table des négociationsZarkan, Laetitia ; Degrange, Valentin; Peter, HugoE-print/Working paper (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 22 (0 UL) The Impact of the Asset Purchase Programme on Systemic Risk in the Euro Area: Is There a Threat?Chavarro Sanchez, Leidy; Nadal De Simone, Francisco; Lehnert, Thorsten E-print/Working paper (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 67 (0 UL) How enriching sensory awareness develops and affects well-being throughout childhoodLinzarini, Adriano; Cebotari, Victor ; Richardson, Dominic et alE-print/Working paper (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 25 (0 UL) How inquiring develops and affects well-being throughout childhoodVrolijk, Marloes; Cebotari, Victor ; Richardson, Dominic et alE-print/Working paper (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 28 (0 UL) How relaxing develops and affects well-being throughout childhoodCunsolo, Sabbiana; Cebotari, Victor ; Richardson, Dominic et alE-print/Working paper (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 21 (0 UL) Quantum Skyrmion Lattices in Heisenberg FerromagnetsHaller, Andreas ; Groenendijk, Solofo; Habibi, Alireza et alE-print/Working paper (2021)Skyrmions are topological magnetic textures which can arise in non-centrosymmetric ferromagnetic materials. In most systems experimentally investigated to date, skyrmions emerge as classical objects ... [more ▼]Skyrmions are topological magnetic textures which can arise in non-centrosymmetric ferromagnetic materials. In most systems experimentally investigated to date, skyrmions emerge as classical objects. However, the discovery of skyrmions with nanometer length scales has sparked interest in their quantum properties. Quantum corrections to the classical magnetic textures have already been considered in the semiclassical regime. Here, we go beyond this limit by investigating quantum skyrmions in the deep quantum regime. We use density matrix renormalization group techniques to study two-dimensional spin-1/2 Heisenberg ferromagnets with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions and discover a broad region in the zero temperature phase diagram which hosts quantum skyrmion lattice ground states. We argue that this novel quantum skyrmion phase can be detected experimentally in the magnetization profile via local magnetic polarization measurements as well as in the spin structure factor measurable via neutron scattering experiments. Finally, we explore the resulting quantum skyrmion state, analyze its real space polarization profile and show that it is a non-classical state featuring entanglement between quasiparticle and environment mainly localized near the boundary spins of the skyrmion. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 37 (7 UL) Revisiting conceptual tools at the crossroad of postcolonial and sociolinguistic studiesTavares, Bernardino ; Tavares Vieira, Aleida Evandra E-print/Working paper (2021)This is the first research brief in the DisPOSEG Project. DisPOSEG stands for “Disentangling postcolonial encounters in globalisation: a sociolinguistic-ethnographic study of Lusophone migrant workers’ ... [more ▼]This is the first research brief in the DisPOSEG Project. DisPOSEG stands for “Disentangling postcolonial encounters in globalisation: a sociolinguistic-ethnographic study of Lusophone migrant workers’ positioning in third space,” a three-year CORE project funded by the FNR, Luxembourg. This multi-sited project contributes to the fields of postcolonialism, migration studies, sociolinguistics and workplace studies by investigating language, history and migration from Portuguese-speaking countries (Portugal and its former colonies) into Luxembourg, with a focus on migrants’ work, social and linguistic interactions. It problematises interactions of/between concomitant populations of those countries that form this dichotomic colonial matrix of former coloniser and former colonised, and their descendants in Luxembourg, a geographical spaces traditionally perceived as non-colonial. In this first research brief we outline and revisit four interlinked key concepts guiding the project. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 71 (12 UL) Neurotoxic Amyloidogenic Peptides Identified in the Proteome of SARS-COV2: Potential Implications for Neurological Symptoms in COVID-19Islam, Saba; Charnley, Mirren; Bindra, Guneet et alE-print/Working paper (2021)COVID-19 is primarily known as a respiratory disease caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2. However, neurological symptoms such as memory loss, sensory confusion, cognitive and psychiatric issues, severe ... [more ▼]COVID-19 is primarily known as a respiratory disease caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2. However, neurological symptoms such as memory loss, sensory confusion, cognitive and psychiatric issues, severe headaches, and even stroke are reported in as many as 30% of cases and can persist even after the infection is over (so-called ‘long COVID’). These neurological symptoms are thought to be caused by brain inflammation, triggered by the virus infecting the central nervous system of COVID-19 patients, however we still don’t fully understand the mechanisms for these symptoms. The neurological effects of COVID-19 share many similarities to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s in which the presence of cytotoxic protein-based amyloid aggregates is a common etiological feature. Following the hypothesis that some neurological symptoms of COVID-19 may also follow an amyloid etiology we performed a bioinformatic scan of the SARS-CoV-2 proteome, detecting peptide fragments that were predicted to be highly amyloidogenic. We selected two of these peptides and discovered that they do rapidly self-assemble into amyloid. Furthermore, these amyloid assemblies were shown to be highly toxic to a neuronal cell line. We introduce and support the idea that cytotoxic amyloid aggregates of SARS-CoV-2 proteins are causing some of the neurological symptoms commonly found in COVID-19 and contributing to long COVID, especially those symptoms which are novel to long COVID in contrast to other post-viral syndromes. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 27 (1 UL) Non-Standard ErrorsWolff, Christian ; Zhang, Lu ; Holzmeister, FelixE-print/Working paper (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 49 (13 UL) Public support for tax policies in COVID-19 times: Evidence from LuxembourgOlivera, Javier; van Kerm, Philippe E-print/Working paper (2021)We study attitudes towards the introduction of hypothetical new taxes to finance the cost of the COVID-19 pandemic. We rely on survey data collected in Luxembourg in 2020. The survey asks for the ... [more ▼]We study attitudes towards the introduction of hypothetical new taxes to finance the cost of the COVID-19 pandemic. We rely on survey data collected in Luxembourg in 2020. The survey asks for the agreement of respondents over: a one-time net wealth tax, an inheritance tax, a temporary solidarity income tax, and a temporary increase in VAT. All questions include different and randomly assigned tax attributes (tax rates and exemption amounts). We find a clear divide with relativelyhigh support for new wealth and inheritance taxes on the one hand and a low support for increases in VAT and income taxes on the other hand. While 58% of respondents agree or strongly agree with a one-time tax levied on net worth, only24% are in favor of a small increase in VAT. Support for any tax is however negatively associated with the size of the tax as measured by the predicted revenues. Our results indicate that a one-time wealth tax could raise substantial revenues andstill garner public support. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 18 (1 UL) Zur Entwicklung des TSG unter Berücksichtigung der aktuellen politischen Debattede Silva, Adrian E-print/Working paper (2021)The article deals with developments regarding the Transsexual Act and the current political debate on trans law in the Federal Republic of Germany.Detailed reference viewed: 78 (5 UL) Wenn Sicherheitsinteressen kollidieren – Technische und rechtliche Implikationen einer verpflichtenden Zugriffsmöglichkeit auf verschlüsselte Daten durch BehördenSchmitz, Sandra ; Schiffner, StefanE-print/Working paper (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 44 (2 UL) Diversity on the screenZanaj, Skerdilajda E-print/Working paper (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 117 (8 UL) Auswirkungen der Covid-19-Krise auf die Soziale Arbeit in Luxemburg aus Sicht der Praxis : Ergebnisse einer Online-Befragung im Sommer 2020Flammang, Manou Laure ; Böwen, Petra E-print/Working paper (2021)This publication presents the findings of an online survey on the impact of the Covid-19 crisis on social work in Luxembourg from the perspective of practitioners. It shows what effects the crisis as well ... [more ▼]This publication presents the findings of an online survey on the impact of the Covid-19 crisis on social work in Luxembourg from the perspective of practitioners. It shows what effects the crisis as well as the hygiene and protection measures had on daily social work practice, on the addressees and on the practitioners themselves. The findings are then reflected upon and discussed in relation to international research findings and professional publications on the topic of social work in times of Covid-19. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 1569 (68 UL) At the Edge of a Seamless Cloud ExperienceRac, Samuel ; Brorsson, Mats Hakan E-print/Working paper (2021)There is a growing need for low latency for many devices and users. The traditional cloud computing paradigm can not meet this requirement, legitimizing the need for a new paradigm. Edge computing ... [more ▼]There is a growing need for low latency for many devices and users. The traditional cloud computing paradigm can not meet this requirement, legitimizing the need for a new paradigm. Edge computing proposes to move computing capacities to the edge of the network, closer to where data is produced and consumed. However, edge computing raises new challenges. At the edge, devices are more heterogeneous than in the data centre, where everything is optimized to achieve economies of scale. Edge devices can be mobile, like a car, which complicates architecture with dynamic topologies. IoT devices produce a considerable amount of data that can be processed at the Edge. In this paper, we discuss the main challenges to be met in edge computing and solutions to achieve a seamless cloud experience. We propose to use technologies like containers and WebAssembly to manage applications' execution on heterogeneous devices. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 14 (8 UL) Earthquakes and Mental HealthBertinelli, Luisito ; Mahé, Clotilde; Strobl, EricE-print/Working paper (2021)Earthquakes may seriously deteriorate mental health by generating fear and stress as a result of economic and human losses. However, mental health has also been found to improve as a result of greater ... [more ▼]Earthquakes may seriously deteriorate mental health by generating fear and stress as a result of economic and human losses. However, mental health has also been found to improve as a result of greater social cohesion in affected communities after the event. We examine the short-run effects of earthquakes on a wide set of mental health outcomes in Ecuador. To this end, we combine hospital admissions, death records, and survey data with precise measures of local seismic activity to exploit the plausibly random spatial and temporal nature of earthquake intensity. We find that damaging earthquakes decrease the propensity to be admitted, the number of days of hospitalisation for mental and behavioural disorders, and deaths due to suicide. Estimates from nationally-representative surveys provide suggestive evidence of increased life satisfaction, trust, and religious observance, and thus provide a possible explanation for the fall in admissions and suicides after an earthquake. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 208 (14 UL) Judicial Education and Judicial Independence: Paper given at the 2021 Commonwealth Law ConferenceHappold, Matthew E-print/Working paper (2021)The link between judicial education and an efficient judiciary is, one hopes, obvious. But in order to ensure judicial independence, contemporary wisdom has it, judicial education should also be in the ... [more ▼]The link between judicial education and an efficient judiciary is, one hopes, obvious. But in order to ensure judicial independence, contemporary wisdom has it, judicial education should also be in the hands of the judiciary. Absent such control, there is a risk that judges may be indoctrinated by interested actors and their independence compromised. Some critics, however, have been sceptical about judicial control of judicial education. Judicial control of education often justified on basis of expertise as well as need to protect independence. But judges are not pedagogues (and their view of what judging does, or should, entail are often untheorized). Nor are they particularly representative of society. In addition, a danger unmitigated by judicial control of judicial education is regulatory capture, defined as ‘the result or process by which regulation, in law or application, is consistently or repeatedly directed away from the public interest and toward the interests of the regulated industry, by the intent and action of the industry itself'. Even if other voices are integrated into discussions, the danger exists that they might seek to subvert the process to privilege their interests over the general interest. Such concerns have recently been raised in England and Wales with regard to the Equal Treatment Bench Book. The paper examines the relationship between judicial education and judicial independence through the lens of this controversy. It concludes that when judicial education trespass on the independence of the individual judge is not an easy question to answer (not least because education is always about socialization) but, crucially, it is not one answered by putting judicial education in the hands of the judiciary. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 39 (0 UL) Parental migration and psychological well-being of children. Longitudinal evidence from GhanaRaturi, Radhika; Cebotari, Victor E-print/Working paper (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 37 (0 UL) From SLAM to Situational Awareness: Challenges and SurveyBavle, Hriday ; Sanchez Lopez, Jose Luis ; Schmidt F, Eduardo et alE-print/Working paper (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 56 (1 UL) A global carbon tax? Why firm mobility and heterogeneity mattersZanaj, Skerdilajda E-print/Working paper (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 228 (14 UL) The role of economic complexity on the formation of gender rolesZanaj, Skerdilajda E-print/Working paper (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 161 (18 UL) Requirements And Threat Models of Adversarial Attacks and Robustness of Chest X-ray classificationGhamizi, Salah ; Cordy, Maxime ; Papadakis, Mike et alE-print/Working paper (2021)Vulnerability to adversarial attacks is a well-known weakness of Deep Neural Networks. While most of the studies focus on natural images with standardized benchmarks like ImageNet and CIFAR, little ... [more ▼]Vulnerability to adversarial attacks is a well-known weakness of Deep Neural Networks. While most of the studies focus on natural images with standardized benchmarks like ImageNet and CIFAR, little research has considered real world applications, in particular in the medical domain. Our research shows that, contrary to previous claims, robustness of chest x-ray classification is much harder to evaluate and leads to very different assessments based on the dataset, the architecture and robustness metric. We argue that previous studies did not take into account the peculiarity of medical diagnosis, like the co-occurrence of diseases, the disagreement of labellers (domain experts), the threat model of the attacks and the risk implications for each successful attack. In this paper, we discuss the methodological foundations, review the pitfalls and best practices, and suggest new methodological considerations for evaluating the robustness of chest xray classification models. Our evaluation on 3 datasets, 7 models, and 18 diseases is the largest evaluation of robustness of chest x-ray classification models. We believe our findings will provide reliable guidelines for realistic evaluation and improvement of the robustness of machine learning models for medical diagnosis. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 117 (14 UL) Labor Market Effects of Technology Shocks biased Toward the Traded SectorBertinelli, Luisito ; Cardi; RestoutE-print/Working paper (2021)Motivated by recent evidence pointing at an increasing contribution of asymmetric shocks across sectors to economic fluctuations, we explore the labor market effects of technology shocks biased toward the ... [more ▼]Motivated by recent evidence pointing at an increasing contribution of asymmetric shocks across sectors to economic fluctuations, we explore the labor market effects of technology shocks biased toward the traded sector. Our VAR evidence for seventeen OECD countries reveals that the non-traded sector alone drives the increase in total hours worked following a technology shock that increases permanently traded relative to non-traded TFP. The shock generates a reallocation of labor toward the non-traded sector which contributes to 35% on average of the rise in non-traded hours worked. Both labor reallocation and variations in labor income shares are found empirically connected with factor-biased technological change. Our quantitative analysis shows that a two-sector open economy model with flexible prices can reproduce the labor market effects we document empirically once we allow for imperfect mobility of labor, gross substitutability between home- and foreign-produced traded goods, and factor-biased technological change. When calibrating the model to country-specific data, its ability to account for the cross-country reallocation and redistributive effects we estimate increases once we let factor-biased technological change vary between sectors and across countries. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 170 (7 UL)