The positional value of education in the Americas: dynamics of inequality in labour market returns for highly unequal countries, 2000-2019

Scientific Conference (2022, April 22)

The article examines how the labour market value of education has changed in the context of the expansion of higher education. However, one drawback is understanding how it generates differences between ... [more ▼]

The article examines how the labour market value of education has changed in the context of the expansion of higher education. However, one drawback is understanding how it generates differences between high and low-skilled labour markets, particularly in contexts of high inequality and informality. This could be linked to specific mechanisms by which employers value educational credentials as signalled skills. Using the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), we analyse trends over two decades in 11 American countries. Our results confirm the previous results for the claim that education has become increasingly positional, compared with the absolute model of education. However, we find that the relative gains in wages for workers with higher levels of education, as the pool of higher education graduates expand over time, increased only slightly in high-skilled occupations, while their relative gains decreased for lower-skilled occupations. This trend is present in both absolute and positional models of education. Moreover, when looking at the structure of labour markets in terms of the linkage between educational credentials and occupational groups, we higher the tertiary education specificity of occupations, the higher the earnings for workers with advantaged positions. These findings are consistent with processes of displacement of low-skilled workers due to increasing competition among highly educated workers, from the positional model of education. [less ▲]

Understanding the flow of hard metal powders and pastes

Poster (2022, April 21)

Inhomogeneities in lead halide perovskite absorbers revealed by quantitative Photoluminescence Imaging

in Phirke, Himanshu; Singh, Ajay; Hieulle, Jeremy (Eds.) et al Inhomogeneities in lead halide perovskite absorbers revealed by quantitative Photoluminescence Imaging (2022, April 20)

Translanguaging pedagogy and creative activism for preschool teachers, parents, and children

Scientific Conference (2022, April 18)

Today’s education is impacted by the fast changes that can be very challenging for teachers, parents, and students. The need of pedagogies that will support them to navigate through these changes and ... [more ▼]

Today’s education is impacted by the fast changes that can be very challenging for teachers, parents, and students. The need of pedagogies that will support them to navigate through these changes and challenges, becomes evident, especially in highly linguistically and culturally diverse countries such as the small trilingual Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg. One of such pedagogies is translanguaging pedagogy. While translanguaging refers to the natural use of entire linguistic repertoire of bi/multilingual people, translanguaging pedagogy helps teachers to use bi/multilingual students’ unique linguistic repertoires to foster learning, comprehension, and academic achievement (Otheguy, García, & Reid, 2015). In Luxembourg, there are 64 % of four-year old children who not speak Luxembourgish at home (MENJE, 2018). Therefore, in 2017, multilingual early education has become mandatory obliging teachers to help students to develop Luxembourgish, familiarize them with French, and value their home languages. Thus, in order to support teachers’ work, there were three objectives of the present project : (1) to administer an 18-hours professional development (PD) course in translanguaging pedagogy to 40 preschool teachers, (2) to actively include students’ families in order to straighten home-school collaboration, and (3) to support children’s linguistic, socio-emotional, and cognitive development and engagement in the classroom. The PD course was divided into seven sessions on multilingual ecology, home-school collaboration, multilingual brain, and multilingual oracy and literacy, over 6 months. To evaluate the success of these aims, before and after the course, we employed teacher questionnaires, focus groups, and interviews with the teachers, parent questionnaires and interviews with the parents, and early literacy and numeracy tests in the school and home languages as well as video observations of classroom interactions with the students. Regarding the teachers, the results from the teacher questionnaire before and after the course, showed that there was a significant positive change in attitudes towards children’s multilingualism and their home languages. However, in the focus groups and the interviews, we identified that most of the teachers were open to the use children’s home languages only to develop the school language, Luxembourgish. In the analysis of the video observations of teacher/child interactions, we observed that when the home language of children was used, this immediately contributed to their well-being. However, we also observed that in some classrooms the use of children’s home languages was artificial; the teachers insisted on naming home languages instead of giving the children the opportunity to use the school language and be proud of it. Regarding the parents, the analysis of 65 questionnaires on children’s home literacy environment and the interviews showed that parental involvement is crucial for children’s linguistic and socio-emotional development. The interviewed parents shared that they would like to be more involved in the home-school collaboration but they did not know how. Although they were open for more collaboration, most of the parents thought that this should be initiated from the teachers. Finally, regarding the children, we observed the linguistic and socio-emotional development of 23 children (age 4) over one year. The children were tested in early literacy and numeracy, three times over the course of one year. When plotting the results, we identified that all children performed better in their home languages than in the school language and that there was a progress in both home and school language over one year. Furthermore, the video observations showed that when translanguaging pedagogy was used and children’s home languages were valued, children were more responsive and eager to learn and interact with others. Following these results and in order to connect teachers, parents, and children, I developed a website for teachers with the summary of important theories in multilingualism supported by many practical activities in the domain of multilingual classroom, home-school collaboration, and multilingual oracy and literacy. The website is in English, French, and German, and teachers can find a solid support for their work. Furthermore, I wrote two illustrated books for parents and children. In the illustrated book for parents the main character is a woman called Sumak who moved from another country as a refugee and is forced to learn a new language in a society she does not fit in. A storytelling workshop will allow teachers and parents to share their experience and connect on a deeper level. In the book for children, the main character is a girl called Mara who moved to a new country and does not understand the school language. She is sad and angry and tries to find solutions, for example, in music. The book contains a CD with in which the character Mara sings the song in Mara’s language, allowing teachers and children to hear that it is ok to speak in a language they do not understand. The illustrated books exist in English, French, Serbian, Portuguese, and German. These creations are an act of creative activism, which are “transformative interventions in order to change society for the better by communicating conflicts and/or solutions where no one else can or will in order to provoke reflection (and consequent behavioral changes)” (Harrebye, 2016, p. 25). Finally, this is an act of going beyond the horizons and the project results, and reimagining everything, especially playing with new ideas and applying those through specific creative acts that bring teachers, parents, and children together. The Conference will allow me to showcase these creative interventions, discuss their impact on the schools, and offer them to international researchers who work in education and beyond. References Ministry of National Education, Childhood and Youth [MENJE]. (2018). Les chiffres clés de l'Éducation nationale: statistiques et indicateurs - Année scolaire 2016-2017 [Key numbers of the national education: statistics and indicators – School year 2016-2017]. Retrieved from http://www.men.public.lu/fr/actualites/publications/themes-transversaux/statistiques-analyses/chiffres-cles/index.html Harrebye S.F. (2016) Creative activism today. In: Social change and creative activism in the 21st century. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Otheguy, R., García, O., & Reid, W. (2015). Clarifying translanguaging and deconstructing named langauges: A perspective from linguistics. Applied Linguistic Review, 6(3), 281–307. [less ▲]

A performance-oriented comparative study of the Chapel high-productivity language to conventional programming environments

in PMAM '22: Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Workshop on Programming Models and Applications for Multicores and Manycores (2022, April 18)

The increase in complexity, diversity and scale of high performance computing environments, as well as the increasing sophistication of parallel applications and algorithms call for productivity-aware ... [more ▼]

The increase in complexity, diversity and scale of high performance computing environments, as well as the increasing sophistication of parallel applications and algorithms call for productivity-aware programming languages for high-performance computing. Among them, the Chapel programming language stands out as one of the more successful approaches based on the Partitioned Global Address Space programming model. Although Chapel is designed for productive parallel computing at scale, the question of its competitiveness with well-established conventional parallel programming environments arises. To this end, this work compares the performance of Chapel-based fractal generation on shared- and distributed-memory platforms with corresponding OpenMP and MPI+X implementations. The parallel computation of the Mandelbrot set is chosen as a test-case for its high degree of parallelism and its irregular workload. Experiments are performed on a cluster composed of 192 cores using the French national testbed Grid'5000. Chapel as well as its default tasking layer demonstrate high performance in shared-memory context, while Chapel competes with hybrid MPI+OpenMP in distributed-memory environment. [less ▲]

Sustainability and Circular Economy in Learning Factories – Case Studies

in SSRN (2022, April 11)

Since the mitigation of climate change is one of the biggest challenges to face on a global scale, the topic has become more relevant also in industrial context. Learning factories have proven to be ... [more ▼]

Since the mitigation of climate change is one of the biggest challenges to face on a global scale, the topic has become more relevant also in industrial context. Learning factories have proven to be suitable environments to address and convey competencies to tackle industrial challenges in an interactive way. Hence, several learning factories are already dealing with sustainability topics in various use cases. This paper strives to present a state of the art of sustainability and circular economy in learning factories. Therefore, a classification framework is developed based on the state of the art of several learning factories and existing literature regarding the topic. This framework is then used to systematically describe the different activities regarding sustainability and circular economy that are currently ongoing in learning factories worldwide. This can be used to get an idea about the different aspects of the topic and how to address them, but furthermore also offers assistance to identify “blind spots” which could and should be addressed in learning factories in the future. [less ▲]

Maximizing the Number of Served Users in a Smart City using Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces

in Proceedings of IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC) (2022, April 10)

Musique à vent pendant l'occupation nazie au Luxembourg de 1940 à 1944

Scientific Conference (2022, April 09)

Intuitive human-robot interaction using augmented reality: A simulation study on KUKA IIWA robot

in SSRN (2022, April 06)

trajeR, une nouvelle librairie R pour les modèles de mélange pour données longitundinales

Scientific Conference (2022, April 04)

Habilyzer: Empowering Office Workers to Investigate their Working Habits using an Open-Ended Sensor Kit

in Proceedings of the Extended Abstracts of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (2022, April)

Office work presents health and wellbeing challenges, triggered by unhealthy working habits or environmental factors. While technologies for vitality in the office context gain popularity, they are often ... [more ▼]

Office work presents health and wellbeing challenges, triggered by unhealthy working habits or environmental factors. While technologies for vitality in the office context gain popularity, they are often solution-focused and fall short in acknowledging personal needs. Building on approaches from personal informatics, we see value in opening up the design space of tracking and sensing technologies for office workers. We designed and deployed an open-ended sensor kit and conducted two complementary studies to investigate the value of empowering office workers to investigate their own working habits. Findings show that Habilyzer triggers curiosity about working habits, and wireless sensors contribute to inquire into those habits, possibly supported by additional tools. We contribute new insights into how an open-ended sensor kit can be designed to support self-tracking practices and underlying reflections in the underexplored context of office work. It is an alternative approach to workplace vitality, moving from solution-oriented technologies to inquiry-enabling tools. [less ▲]

Fontana: Triggering Physical Activity and Social Connectedness through an Interactive Water Installation

in Proceedings of the Extended Abstracts of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (2022, April)

Promoting healthy and active lifestyles is an important objective for many governing agencies. The design of active urban environments can be an effective tool to encourage more active behaviors and water ... [more ▼]

Promoting healthy and active lifestyles is an important objective for many governing agencies. The design of active urban environments can be an effective tool to encourage more active behaviors and water features can attract people, improving their experience of the urban space. To explore the potential of these concepts, we designed Fontana; an interactive public installation that aims to stimulate physical activity and social connectedness in the urban outdoor space, using the multidimensional attractiveness of water. We focus on the use of embedded interactive technology to promote physical activity, using water as a linking element between users. Adopting a research-through-design approach, we explored how such installations can nudge people into an active behavior while additionally strengthening social connectedness, using inclusive design principles. We report on insights gathered through this case study and findings of a preliminary user test, discussing the implications of this work for design researchers and practitioners. [less ▲]

Towards CBDC-based Machine-to-Machine Payments in Consumer IoT

in Proceedings of the 37th ACM/SIGAPP Symposium on Applied Computing (SAC '22) (2022, April)

The technological advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT) is a well-known phenomenon that mainly affects industrial sectors but also consumers in everyday life. The use of Consumer IoT, i.e. CIoT ... [more ▼]

The technological advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT) is a well-known phenomenon that mainly affects industrial sectors but also consumers in everyday life. The use of Consumer IoT, i.e. CIoT, devices is increasing, and they are paving the way for a Machine-to- Machine (M2M) communication that could highly enrich consumer services. In this paper we position ourselves in the narrowing gap between the world of CIoT and the world of money, and we explore the emerging interaction between the payment needs of a M2M Economy and the “new ways of payment”. Indeed, the advent of Dis- tributed Ledger Technology and cryptocurrencies has introduced a tech-oriented dynamism in the monetary and financial sphere. Accordingly, central banks all over the world have started investi- gations into digital fiat money , i.e., “retail” Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs). Against this backdrop, we analyze the inte- gration of retail CBDC models into M2M and CIoT dynamics, while heeding regulation-by-design and compliance-by/through-design methodologies, and we propose a preliminary model of integration between a two-tier retail CBDC architecture and CIoT. [less ▲]

Individual factors and beliefs determining COVID-19 vaccination willingness

Poster (2022, April)

Background: High vaccination coverage rates are necessary to reduce infections and transmissions of the SARS-CoV-2 virus causing COVID-19 and to allow successful mitigation of the current pandemic. To ... [more ▼]

Background: High vaccination coverage rates are necessary to reduce infections and transmissions of the SARS-CoV-2 virus causing COVID-19 and to allow successful mitigation of the current pandemic. To date, we are still lacking information to explain the hesitancy in Luxembourg towards uptake of the available COVID-19 vaccines. The present study explored motivations for and against vaccination in a population-representative sample of residents across Luxembourg to identify hesitant groups and develop strategies to increase population immunity against SARS-CoV-2. Methods: In the framework of the nationwide, representative longitudinal CON-VINCE study, a sample of 1589 respondents (49.6% women, 84.3% Luxembourg nationality) ranging from 18-84 years, participated in the survey in spring 2021. The protocol of the CON-VINCE study has been described in detail elsewhere (Snoeck et al. 2020). Results: 52% of the respondents had at least partial vaccination at time of assessment between April to June 2021. The most common reasons for vaccination of those willing to be vaccinated (81.2%) were altruistic motivations. Prevalent reasons against vaccination for those undecided (8.7%) or reluctant (10.2%) to be vaccinated were that the vaccine had not been tested sufficiently and the fear of long-term vaccine side effects. Only very few of the vaccination-hesitant or -reluctant respondents reported that they did not believe in vaccination in general. Conclusion: The present study identified motivations for and against COVID-19 vaccination and determined demographic and socio-economic factors associated with vaccination willingness. To increase vaccination rates, public health communication needs to target those unsure or unwilling to be vaccinated. We will continue to study the vaccination uptake in the Luxembourg population, as CON-VINCE is now part of the H2020-funded international ORCHESTRA project (https://orchestra-cohort.eu), research into comparing these results on a Pan-European level. [less ▲]

Habilyzer: A User-Driven Open-Ended Sensor Kit for Office Workers

in Proceedings of the Extended Abstracts of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (2022, April)

Office work presents health and wellbeing challenges, triggered by working habits or environmental factors. While technological interventions gain popularity in the workplace, they often fall short of ... [more ▼]

Office work presents health and wellbeing challenges, triggered by working habits or environmental factors. While technological interventions gain popularity in the workplace, they often fall short of acknowledging personal needs. Building on approaches from personal informatics, we present our vision on the use of user-driven, situated sensor probes in an office context and how the community might deal with complex yet timely questions around the use of data to empower people in becoming explorers of their own habits and experiences. We demonstrate Habilyzer, an open-ended sensor toolkit for office workers, which enables user-driven explorations in self-tracking their work routines. This research contributes an alternative approach to improving working habits and vitality in the workplace, moving from solution-oriented technologies to inquiry-enabling tools. Through this demonstration, we also aim to trigger discussions on the use of sensors and data in the office context, in the light of privacy, consent and data ownership. [less ▲]

Data-Enabled Design: Hands-on Teaching Activities to Onboard Design Students in the Use of Sensor Data as a Creative Material

Scientific Conference (2022, April)

This contribution presents two hands-on teaching activities introducing the use of sensor data to design students. We designed two sequential workshops to educate on why and how to use data as a creative ... [more ▼]

This contribution presents two hands-on teaching activities introducing the use of sensor data to design students. We designed two sequential workshops to educate on why and how to use data as a creative material in the design process and provide students with the technical means to quickly prototype connected data-collecting probes. Workshop 1 (Human Sensors) consists of a role-play exercise where teams of students simulate the collection of data in-situ by acting out various sensor types. In workshop 2 (Coffee Cup Challenge), students build their own data-collection artefacts using sensors. Modular, both activities can be adapted to any similar course that uses sensor technologies and data to conduct user research and extract insights to be used in the design process. We describe the activities in detail, provide generalizable materials, and reflect on their use, supported by student reflections and insights from our teaching practice. [less ▲]

Conceptualising the Legal Notion of ‘State of the Art’ in the Context of IT Security

in Friedewald, Michael; Krenn, Stephan; Schiffner, Stefan (Eds.) et al Privacy and Identity Management. Between Data Protection and Security (2022, March 31)

The History of Cross-Border Cooperation: some historiographical remarks

Scientific Conference (2022, March 24)

What is Cross-Border Cooperation? How to write the History of Cross-Border Cooperation? The contribution explores the historiography in the field and presents two case studies (Euregio Meuse-Rhine and ... [more ▼]

What is Cross-Border Cooperation? How to write the History of Cross-Border Cooperation? The contribution explores the historiography in the field and presents two case studies (Euregio Meuse-Rhine and Europäische Vereinigung Eifel-Ardennen). It focusses on the sources that could be used for such a history and on difficulties regarding archival research. [less ▲]

La relecture entre pairs : un levier de motivation de la pratique de l’écrit

Scientific Conference (2022, March 17)

Les enseignants corrigent et donnent des conseils d’amélioration à leurs apprenants, mais les commentaires des enseignants sont parfois mal compris (Cole, Coats, Lentell 1986 ; Smith 1997), alors que la ... [more ▼]

Les enseignants corrigent et donnent des conseils d’amélioration à leurs apprenants, mais les commentaires des enseignants sont parfois mal compris (Cole, Coats, Lentell 1986 ; Smith 1997), alors que la relecture entre pairs apporte un échange avec moins de pression (Lejot 2017). Cet échange se fait à un niveau de hiérarchie égal et facilite la négociation de sens des éléments du texte. Néanmoins, certains élèves pointent le manque de qualification des pairs pour remplacer les commentaires des professeurs dans l’enseignement supérieur (Rollinson 2005). Cette démarche trouve toute sa force pour les doctorants. Mis en place sur un semestre, ce système fermé de relecture et de commentaires reçus en boucle est bénéfique et motivant pour ces derniers. Dans les ateliers interdisciplinaires sur les compétences transversales et en l'occurrence celle de l'écrit académique, les doctorants soulignent l’énergie, la réflexion commune et le soutien que leur a apporté la relecture de texte d'un pair et d'être eux-mêmes relus (Lejot 2017). Relire est formateur et être compris par des chercheurs pairs fait faire un grand pas en termes de cohérence d'écriture et d'argumentation bien articulée à ces groupes des écoles doctorales. [less ▲]

Die Bedeutung der Schule für Gesundheit und Wohlbe- finden von Schülerinnen und Schülern: Ergebnisse der HBSC Surveys 2018 in Luxemburg

Scientific Conference (2022, March 10)

Neben der Familie ist die Schule für Kinder und Jugendliche ein wichtiges Umfeld. Hier verbringen sie einen großen Teil des Tages, hier treffen sie ihre Freunde, und ihre schulischen Leistungen bestimmen ... [more ▼]

Neben der Familie ist die Schule für Kinder und Jugendliche ein wichtiges Umfeld. Hier verbringen sie einen großen Teil des Tages, hier treffen sie ihre Freunde, und ihre schulischen Leistungen bestimmen wesentlich mit, welchen beruflichen Weg sie später einschlagen können. Dementsprechend hat die Schule als sozialer Kontext einen großen Einfluss auch auf das Wohlbefinden und gesundheitliche Befindlichkeiten der Schüler. Positive schulische Erfahrungen können eine Ressource für Wohlbefinden sein, negative Erfahrungen können die psychische und physische Gesundheit beeinträchtigen. Da es sich bei HBSC um eine Befragung handelt, die in der Schule durchgeführt wird und da die Schule ein wichtiges soziales Umfeld ist, werden auch mehrere Fragen zur Schule gestellt. Im Vortrag werden zunächst aktuelle Ergebnisse aus Luxemburg zum schulischen Kontext präsentiert und international eingeordnet. So wird schon seit mehreren Befragungen erhoben, ob die Schüler die Schule mögen, ob sie sich durch die Schularbeit gestresst fühlen und wie sie die Beziehungen zu ihren Klassenkameraden und den Lehrern bewerten und ob sie viel auf der Ebene der Klasse und der Schule mitbestimmen können. In einem zweiten Schritt wird mit Hilfe einer Clusteranalyse untersucht, ob es typische Konstellationen gibt, d. h. Gruppen von Schülern, die sich in ihren Schulerfahrungen möglichst stark ähneln. Aus der HBSC-Studie ist bekannt, dass es zahlreiche Zusammenhänge zwischen diesen Erfahrungen gibt. Wenn solche kohärenten Gruppen identifiziert werden können, dann kann eine darauf basierende Typologie helfen, die komplexen Zusammenhänge zwischen zahlreichen Variablen in komprimierter Form darzustellen. Im konkreten Fall wurden 4 schulbezogene Einstellungen und Bewertungen dazu genutzt, um solche Gruppen zu identifizieren. Diese Gruppen/Cluster werden zunächst anhand der Variablen beschrieben, die zur Gruppenbildung genutzt wurden. Die Analyse zeigt, dass es bezüglich der Schulerfahrungen fünf in sich homogene Cluster gibt. Cluster 1, in dem sich der größte Anteil der Schüler (28.8%) befindet, ist durch allgemein positive Schulerfahrungen gekennzeichnet. Die Schüler in dieser Gruppe mögen die Schule, sie berichten von einem guten Klassenklima und sie geben an, kaum durch die Schularbeit gestresst zu sein. Darüber hinaus berichten diese Schüler über ein gutes Verhältnis zu ihren Lehrern. Cluster 2 ist durch Schüler gekennzeichnet, deren Schulerfahrungen überwiegend positiv sind (sie mögen die Schule und sie haben ein gutes Verhältnis zu den Mitschülern und Lehrern), die sich aber durch die Schularbeit gestresst fühlen, was sich negativ auf ihr allgemeines Wohlbefinden auswirkt. Cluster 3 zeichnet sich durch Schüler aus, die über ein geringes Maß an Stress berichten und insgesamt durchschnittliche Werte für die schulbezogenen Variablen wie Beziehungen zu ihrem Lehrer und das Klassenklima aufweisen. In Cluster 4 befinden sich die Schüler, die viel Schulstress erfahren, relativ schlechte Beziehungen zu ihren Lehrern haben und die Schule im Allgemeinen nicht mögen. Allerdings berichten diese Schüler von einem guten Klassenklima. Dieses Cluster umfasst 14.7% der Schüler und ist damit das kleinste Cluster. Cluster 5 besteht aus Schülern mit durchweg negativen Schulerfahrungen und ist damit das Gegenteil von Cluster 1. Die Schüler in Cluster 5 haben viel Schulstress, sind nicht gerne in der Schule und berichten von schlechteren Beziehungen zu ihren Lehrern und Mitschülern im Vergleich zu den Schülern in den anderen Clustern. Die weitere Beschreibung der Cluster mit Hilfe von soziodemografischen Variablen, anderen schulbezogenen Variablen und gesundheitsbezogenen Ergebnisvariablen wird zeigen, dass die gefundenen Gruppen in sich kohärent sind bezüglich der schulbezogenen Variablen, und dass sie zudem mit gesundheitsbezogenen und mit soziodemografischen Variablen korrelieren. [less ▲]

Validierung und psychometrische Analyse automatisch generierter Mathematikaufgaben im Bereich Zahlen und Operationen

Scientific Conference (2022, March 09)

Subjektives Wohlbefinden in der 5. und 9. Schulklasse: gibt es einen Zusammenhang mit dem Bildungsweg und der schulischen Leistung?

Scientific Conference (2022, March 09)

Der Bildungsauftrag unserer heutigen Wissensgesellschaft vereint ein vielseitiges Spektrum an Kompetenzen, die den Schüler*innen vermittelt werden sollen. Die Lernziele beinhalten nicht nur akademischen ... [more ▼]

Der Bildungsauftrag unserer heutigen Wissensgesellschaft vereint ein vielseitiges Spektrum an Kompetenzen, die den Schüler*innen vermittelt werden sollen. Die Lernziele beinhalten nicht nur akademischen Erfolg, sondern auch schulisches Wohlbefinden. In der Bildungsforschung haben affektive und sozio-emotionale Faktoren sowie deren Einfluss auf das Erreichen von Lernzielen über die letzten Jahrzehnte an Interesse gewonnen (s.a. Hascher et al., 2018). Subjektives Wohlbefinden (SWB) ist ein komplexes, multidimensionales Phänomen, welches emotionale, soziale und kognitive Facetten umfasst (Hascher & Edlinger, 2009). Das SWB wird als Grundlage für erfolgreiches Lernen betrachtet (Hascher & Hagenauer, 2011), wobei der Zusammenhang je nach Entwicklungsstadium der Schüler*innen variieren kann. Ergebnisse einer Metaanalyse (Bücker et al., 2018) zeigten eine statistisch signifikante mittlere Effektstärke für den Zusammenhang zwischen SWB und Leistung, wobei diese Ergebnisse über verschiedene Ebenen soziodemografischer Merkmale, SWB-Domäne und Indikatoren der Leistung hinweg stabil waren. Außerdem zeigten Gutman und Voraus (2012) in einer längsschnittlichen Studie mit einer Kohorte von Schüler*innen zwischen 7 und 13 Jahren, schwache bis mittlere Korrelationen zwischen unterschiedlichen Dimensionen des Wohlbefindens und aktueller sowie späterer akademischer Leistung. In dieser Studie haben wir den Zusammenhang zwischen verschiedenen Dimensionen des SWB und standardisierten Kompetenztestergebnissen zu verschiedenen Zeitpunkten (5. und 9. Schulkasse) untersucht. Ein erstes Ziel bestand darin, die Unterschiede des Wohlbefindens in Bezug auf das Entwicklungsstadium zu untersuchen, wobei wir auch den Einfluss von Klassenwiederholung und Schulzweig betrachteten. Ein weiteres Ziel der Studie bestand darin, den Zusammenhang zwischen SWB und Leistung unter Berücksichtigung sozio-demografischer Variablen zu ermitteln. Die Ergebnisse basieren auf den Daten der gesamte Kohorte von Fünft- und Neuntklässler*innen (N=5159 bzw. N=6279), die im Rahmen des nationalen Schulmonitoring (Luxembourg School Monitoring Programm „Épreuves Standardisées“; Martin et al., 2015) im November 2018 in Luxemburg erhoben wurden. Im Rahmen dieser Erhebung wurden sowohl standardisierte Schulleistungstests als auch ein Fragebogen zu soziodemographischen und sozio-emotionalen Aspekten durchgeführt. Vier Domäne des SWB wurden erfasst: Selbstkonzept, Schulangst, soziale- sowie emotionale Inklusion. Die standardisierten Leistungstests umfassten Leseverstehen in Deutsch und Französisch sowie Mathematik. Zusätzlich wurden über einen Schüler- oder Elternfragebogen weitere sozio-demographische Merkmale erfasst. Der Zusammenhang zwischen SWB und Entwicklungsstadium (Schulklasse) unter Einbeziehung von Klassenwiederholung und Schulzweig wurde mittels zwei mixed model Analysen überprüft. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass Schüler*innen in der 5. Klasse höhere Werte von SWB angaben als Schüler*innen in der 9. Klasse, F(8,121164)=180.61, p<.001. Zusätzlich wurde das SWB negativ beeinflusst durch Klassenwiederholung, F(8, 63989)=17.75, p<.001. Neuntklässler*innen in anspruchsvolleren Schulzweigen gaben höhere Werte von SWB an als Schüler*innen in niedrigeren Schulzweigen, F(2,40219)=15.71, p<001. Die Schulleistung wurde über eine schrittweise Regression vorhergesagt: zunächst wurden sozio-demographische Hintergrundvariable (Geschlecht, Migrationshintergrund, HISEI der Eltern) dem Model hinzugefügt und, in einem zweiten Schritt, Indikatoren des SWB. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass in der 5. Klasse 13% und in der 9. Klasse 19% der Varianz in der Schulleistung durch soziodemografische Variablen vorausgesagt werden kann. Sowohl für Fünft- als auch für Neuntklässler*innen, erklärten die Dimensionen des SWB zusätzliche 6% bzw. 4% der Varianz. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie zeigten, dass Entwicklungsstadium, Klassenwiederholung und Schulzweig einen Einfluß auf das SWB der Schüler*innen haben. Darüber hinaus zeigten die Ergebnisse, dass das SWB über soziodemografische Merkmale hinaus zur Erklärung der schulischen Leistung beiträgt. In Anbetracht ihrer Ergebnisse, kann diese Studie auch die Diskussion um Klassenwiederholung als pädagogische Intervention und um die Praxis der Aufgliederung von Schüler*innen nach Leistungsniveau innerhalb und zwischen Schulformen bereichern. Während sich die meisten Studien zu den Effekten dieser Interventionen auf die schulische Leistung konzentrierten, zeigt die vorliegende Studie, dass diese Maßnahmen auch das SWB betreffen. Weitere (längsschnittliche) Studien könnten darauf eingehen, inwieweit es letztendlich zu einem kumulativen Effekt auf die schulische Leistung kommen kann oder ob und inwiefern das SWB den Zusammenhang zwischen diesen Faktoren und der schulischen Leistung beeinflussen kann. [less ▲]

Provably Solving the Hidden Subset Sum Problem via Statistical Learning

in Mathematical Cryptology (2022, March), 1

At Crypto ’99, Nguyen and Stern described a lattice based algorithm for solving the hidden subset sum problem, a variant of the classical subset sum problem where the n weights are also hidden. As an ... [more ▼]

At Crypto ’99, Nguyen and Stern described a lattice based algorithm for solving the hidden subset sum problem, a variant of the classical subset sum problem where the n weights are also hidden. As an application, they showed how to break the Boyko et al. fast generator of random pairs (x, g x(mod p)). The Nguyen-Stern algorithm works quite well in practice for moderate values of n, but its complexity is exponential in n. A polynomial-time variant was recently described at Crypto 2020, based on a multivariate technique, but the approach is heuristic only. In this paper, we describe a proven polynomial-time algorithm for solving the hidden subset-sum problem, based on statistical learning. In addition, we show that the statistical approach is also quite efficient in practice: using the FastICA algorithm, we can reach n = 250 in reasonable time. [less ▲]

Making History Together: Participation in Museums

in Sonnabend, Gaby; Guy, Thewes (Eds.) Narratives in History Museums – Reflections and Perspectives (2022, March)

Waveform Design for Joint Radar-Communications with Low Complexity Analog Components

Poster (2022, March)

In this paper, we aim to design an efficient and low hardware complexity based dual-function multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) joint radar-communication (JRC) system. It is implemented via a low ... [more ▼]

In this paper, we aim to design an efficient and low hardware complexity based dual-function multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) joint radar-communication (JRC) system. It is implemented via a low complexity analog architecture, constituted by a phase shifting network and variable gain amplifier. The proposed system exploits the multiple antenna transmitter for the simultaneous communication with multiple downlink users and radar target detection. The transmit waveform of the proposed JRC system is designed to minimize the downlink multi-user interference such that the desired radar beampattern is achieved and the architecture specific constraints are satisfied. The resulting optimization problem is non-convex and in general difficult to solve. We propose an efficient algorithmic solution based on the primal-dual framework. The numerical results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach. [less ▲]

Interactive Narratives and Transmedia Storytelling: An Insight on Digital Exhibitions

in Sonnabend, Gaby; Thewes, Guy (Eds.) Narratives in History Museums – Reflections and Perspectives (2022, March)

The delicate balance between expansion, innovation and maintenance of the Luxembourg Telephone Network

Scientific Conference (2022, February 24)

Since its establishment in 1885, the Luxembourg telephone network was characterised by bottlenecks in network expansion, which were in the course of the 20th century to be remedied by new cables ... [more ▼]

Since its establishment in 1885, the Luxembourg telephone network was characterised by bottlenecks in network expansion, which were in the course of the 20th century to be remedied by new cables (expansion) and new distribution technology (innovation). However, the envisioned expansion was repeatedly slowed down by a lack of trained technical staff and resources. For example, requests for new connections had repeatedly to be rejected and already planned expansion measures had to be postponed. Due to the one-sided focus of government and Luxembourg Post (PTT) administration on network expansion, the maintenance and repair of the network suffered at the same time, so that more frequent defects occurred. At the same time did the repair of defects tie up human and material resources that were then not available for expansion works. The PTT was thus confronted with a constant balancing act between the expansion and modernisation of the network and its maintenance, with the management level prioritising expansion and innovation. The problem was particularly virulent during the rapid expansion of telephony in the 1960s and 70s, but the paper will trace the fundamental conflict of interests for the first one hundred years of telephony in Luxembourg. The paper draws on legal documents and PTT reports to show how the construction, expansion and maintenance of the telephone network was envisioned, and how the shortage of technical staff and resources hampered the smooth operation of the system. [less ▲]

Discussion of an algorithm to transfer arbitrary shear connector load-slip curves into an effective shear resistance

in Kolloquiumsband - 23 DASt-Forschungskolloquium (2022, February 22)

The RFCS research project REDUCE (Project No. 710040) investigated dismountable shear connections with preloaded bolts. These connectors have in most cases a slip capacity greater than 6 mm and show a ... [more ▼]

The RFCS research project REDUCE (Project No. 710040) investigated dismountable shear connections with preloaded bolts. These connectors have in most cases a slip capacity greater than 6 mm and show a monotonic increasing nonlinear load-slip behaviour without plastic plateau and failure of the bolt in shear. Current design procedures of steel-concrete composite beams are largely based on the implementation of headed shear studs, which exhibit a rather different load-slip behaviour with a pronounced plastic niveau. Thus, a question turned out, which compression force can be activated by the shear connection in the concrete girder of a composite beam and how can the respective ultimate bending capacity be determined. Hence, this contribution presents an analytical algorithm to estimate the occurring compression force in the concrete girder when demountable shear connectors are used. The proposed algorithm bases on the actual measured load-slip curve of the shear connection and the expected slip along the beam, which is estimated for each single connector to later determine the compression force in the concrete girder. In addition to the explanation of the “general algorithm”, assumptions for practical use have been made for the slip distribution to simplify the calculation of the compression force and an effective shear resistance P_Rd,eff. [less ▲]

Retrofitting of legacy machines in the context of Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)

in Procedia Computer Science (2022, February 08), 200

In the context of Industry 4.0 (I 4.0), one of the most important aspects is data, followed by the capital required to deploy advanced technologies. However, most Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are ... [more ▼]

In the context of Industry 4.0 (I 4.0), one of the most important aspects is data, followed by the capital required to deploy advanced technologies. However, most Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are neither data ready nor have the capital to upgrade their existing machinery. In SMEs, most of the legacy machines do not have data gathering capabilities. In this scenario, the concept of retrofitting the existing machinery with sensors and building an Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is more beneficial than upgrading the equipment to newer machinery. The current research paper proposes a simple architecture on retrofitting a legacy machine with external sensors for data collection and feeding the cloud-based databases for analysis/monitoring purposes. The design and functional aspects of the architecture are then tested in a laboratory environment on a drilling machine with no embedded sensors. Data related to the speed of the drill head and the bore depth are collected using newly retrofitted sensors to validate the proposed architecture. [less ▲]

Technical Sovereignty and Digital Democracy in Europe – Follower or Influencer ? A New Media Approach

Scientific Conference (2022, February 04)

The digital turn has considerably impacted geopolitics in terms of power, governance and regulation, leading to a proliferation of stakeholders and networks at multiple levels (states, international ... [more ▼]

The digital turn has considerably impacted geopolitics in terms of power, governance and regulation, leading to a proliferation of stakeholders and networks at multiple levels (states, international organisations, private companies, civil society and citizens), new dynamics of competition in a transnational space that is becoming increasingly virtual, borderless and deterritorialised (cyberspace), and novel forms of learning, work and human activity. Digital technologies have also brought about a paradigm shift in information and communication systems, with the emergence of new media (online platforms, interactive websites, algorithmic decision-making ecosystems, etc.) that will have a long-term impact on social and cultural practices, interpersonal and societal relations, the public sphere and the exercise of individual and collective democracy. [less ▲]

“Spread or die”. Online Virality as a Transmedia Phenomenon

Scientific Conference (2022, February 03)

Memes (Kaplan and Nova, 2016; McGrath, 2019), gifs (Eppink, 2014), buzz on the Web and social networks are inherent to digital cultures since the very first steps of the Web (i.e., Dancing babies, Hamster ... [more ▼]

Memes (Kaplan and Nova, 2016; McGrath, 2019), gifs (Eppink, 2014), buzz on the Web and social networks are inherent to digital cultures since the very first steps of the Web (i.e., Dancing babies, Hamster Dance). Virality has developed and changed over time through several platforms (YouTube, 4Chan, Twitter, TikTok, etc.), while relying on some patterns identified by Shifman (2014), Milner (2018), Jenkins (2009) and others. Historicizing virality through times, spaces and platforms is at the heart of the Hivi project1 (https://hivi.uni.lu). While starting to historicize these phenomena, may it be Numa Numa Guy, Leave Britney Alone, Grumpy Cat, the Harlem Shake, online challenges (Ice Bucket Challenge, Fire challenge, etc.) and many others, the transmedia circulations and the role played by “traditional media” in the life cycles and virality of such practices have become more and more obvious. This proposal aims therefore to demonstrate and analyze how Internet phenomena are transmedia. Building upon several case studies, this presentation will first remind us how virality occurred before the digital (Pinker, 2020) and how previous historical forms were also reused in the digital. We will then analyse the circulation between online viral phenomena and other media, may it be Internet phenomena that are echoed in other media (press, cinema, video games...) or on the contrary the use of media phenomena by digital cultures (see for example memes related to Chuck Norris or Sad Keanu). Finally, the last part will specifically focus on the relationship between online virality and the general press, relying on a vast corpus gathered through Europresse, on which we conducted a diachronic distant reading. This intertwinement of Media cultures and Digital Cultures aim at highlightening several topics of the call and notably Temporalities of media through digital technologies; Persistence and discontinuities in communication; and finally Digital sources, new practices, tools and narratives in media history. References Eppink, J., “A brief history of the GIF”, Journal of Visual Culture, 2014, 13(3), p. 298- 306. Jenkins, H., « If it doesn’t spread, it’s dead (Part One) : Media Viruses and Memes”, Confessions of an Aca-Fan, 2009. http://henryjenkins.org/blog/2009/02/if_it_doesnt_spread_its_dead_p.html Kaplan, D., Nova, N., La culture Internet des Mèmes, Lausanne, PPUR, 2016. MacGrath, J., “Memes”, in Brügger, N., Milligan, I. (ed.), The Sage handbook of Web History, Los Angeles, London, Sage, 2019. Milner, R., The Word Mad Meme. Public Conversations and Participatory Media, Cambridge, MA, MIT Press, 2018. Shifman, L., Memes in Digital Culture, Cambridge MA, Mit Press, 2014. Pinker, R., Fake News & Viralité avant Internet. Les lapins du Père-Lachaise et autres légendes médiatiques, Paris, CNRS Éditions, 2020. [less ▲]

Approaching border complexities: von der Linie zur Textur

Scientific Conference (2022, February)

Die Renaissance von Grenzen hat nicht nur für eine stärkere Institutionalisierung und Sichtbarkeit der Grenzforschung gesorgt, sondern auch theoretisch-konzeptionelle Entwicklungen und Neuorientierungen ... [more ▼]

Die Renaissance von Grenzen hat nicht nur für eine stärkere Institutionalisierung und Sichtbarkeit der Grenzforschung gesorgt, sondern auch theoretisch-konzeptionelle Entwicklungen und Neuorientierungen in Gang gesetzt. Davon zeugen die zahlreichen Konzepte und Ansätze, die – inspiriert vom cultural, spatial und practice turn der Sozial- und Kulturwissenschaften – die Grenze als soziale Praxis fassen. Die Prozessorientierung überwindet die Idee der Grenze als Linie und bildet den Ausgangspunkt des Vortrags. Er zeigt verschiedene Weiterentwicklungen des sogenannten „‘bordering turn‘“ (Cooper 2020: 17) auf und geht dabei näher auf komplexitätsorientierte Ansätze als jüngsten Trend der territorialen und kulturellen Grenzforschung ein. [less ▲]

Highly Vectorized SIKE for AVX-512

in IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems (TCHES) (2022, February), 2022(2), 41-68

It is generally accepted that a large-scale quantum computer would be capable to break any public-key cryptosystem used today, thereby posing a serious threat to the security of the Internet’s public-key ... [more ▼]

It is generally accepted that a large-scale quantum computer would be capable to break any public-key cryptosystem used today, thereby posing a serious threat to the security of the Internet’s public-key infrastructure. The US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) addresses this threat with an open process for the standardization of quantum-safe key establishment and signature schemes, which is now in the final phase of the evaluation of candidates. SIKE (an abbreviation of Supersingular Isogeny Key Encapsulation) is one of the alternate candidates under evaluation and distinguishes itself from other candidates due to relatively short key lengths and relatively high computing costs. In this paper, we analyze how the latest generation of Intel’s Advanced Vector Extensions (AVX), in particular AVX-512IFMA, can be used to minimize the latency (resp. maximize the throughput) of the SIKE key encapsulation mechanism when executed on Ice LakeCPUs based on the Sunny Cove microarchitecture. We present various techniques to parallelize and speed up the base/extension field arithmetic, point arithmetic, and isogeny computations performed by SIKE. All these parallel processing techniques are combined in AVXSIKE, a highly optimized implementation of SIKE using Intel AVX-512IFMA instructions. Our experiments indicate that AVXSIKE instantiated with the SIKEp503 parameter set is approximately 1.5 times faster than the to-date best AVX-512IFMA-based SIKE software from the literature. When executed on an Intel Core i3-1005G1 CPU, AVXSIKE outperforms the x64 assembly implementation of SIKE contained in Microsoft’s SIDHv3.4 library by a factor of about 2.5 for key generation and decapsulation, while the encapsulation is even 3.2 times faster. [less ▲]

Achievements and Developments of the UniGR-Center for Border Studies

Scientific Conference (2022, February)

The UniGR-Center for Border Studies (UniGR-CBS) is a thematic cross-border network of approximately 80 researchers within the university grouping University of the Greater Region (UniGR) conducting ... [more ▼]

The UniGR-Center for Border Studies (UniGR-CBS) is a thematic cross-border network of approximately 80 researchers within the university grouping University of the Greater Region (UniGR) conducting research on borders, their meanings and challenges. [less ▲]

Das ehemalige Schloss "La Fontaine" und sein Areal in Luxemburg-Clausen - Einführung in die Tagungsthematik

Scientific Conference (2022, February)

On the basis of the current state of historical, archaeological and architectural research, the 15 speakers at the conference took an interdisciplinary look at the possibilities for future use and ... [more ▼]

On the basis of the current state of historical, archaeological and architectural research, the 15 speakers at the conference took an interdisciplinary look at the possibilities for future use and landscaping of the former palace and its gardens. [less ▲]

Preliminary findings: EMN-OECD InformDigitalisation and Artificial Intelligence

Scientific Conference (2022, January 27)

This presentation provides the preliminary findings of the EMN-OECD Inform on Digitalisation and Artificial Intelligence. It aims to analyse the use of digitalisation and artificial intelligence in ... [more ▼]

This presentation provides the preliminary findings of the EMN-OECD Inform on Digitalisation and Artificial Intelligence. It aims to analyse the use of digitalisation and artificial intelligence in migration management. [less ▲]

Yes, I do: Marrying blockchain applications with GDPR

in Proceedings of the 55th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (2022, January 04)

Due to blockchains’ intrinsic transparency and immutability, blockchain-based applications are challenged by privacy regulations, such as the EU General Data Protection Regulation. Hence, scaling ... [more ▼]

Due to blockchains’ intrinsic transparency and immutability, blockchain-based applications are challenged by privacy regulations, such as the EU General Data Protection Regulation. Hence, scaling blockchain use cases to production often fails to owe to a lack of compliance with legal constraints. As current research mainly focuses on specific use cases, we aim to offer comprehensive guidance regarding the development of blockchain solutions that comply with privacy regulations. Following the action design research method, we contribute a generic framework and design principles to the research domain. In this context, we also emphasize the need for distinguishing between applications based on blockchains’ data integrity and computational integrity guarantees. [less ▲]

A serverless distributed ledger for enterprises

in Proceedings of the 55th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (2022, January 04)

Enterprises have been attracted by the capability of blockchains to provide a single source of truth for workloads that span companies, geographies, and clouds while retaining the independence of each ... [more ▼]

Enterprises have been attracted by the capability of blockchains to provide a single source of truth for workloads that span companies, geographies, and clouds while retaining the independence of each party’s IT operations. However, so far production applications have remained rare, stymied by technical limitations of existing blockchain technologies and challenges with their integration into enterprises’ IT systems. In this paper, we collect enterprises’ requirements on distributed ledgers for data sharing and integration from a technical perspective, argue that they are not sufficiently addressed by available blockchain frameworks, and propose a novel distributed ledger design that is “serverless”, i.e., built on cloud-native resources. We evaluate its qualitative and quantitative properties and give evidence that enterprises already heavily reliant on cloud service providers would consider such an approach acceptable, particularly if it offers ease of deployment, low transactional cost structure, and a combination of latency and scalability aligned with real-time IT application needs. [less ▲]

DeFi, Not So Decentralized: The Measured Distribution of Voting Rights

in Proceedings of the Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences 2022 (2022, January)

Bitcoin and Ethereum are frequently promoted as decentralized, but developers and academics question their actual decentralization. This motivates further experiments with public permissionless ... [more ▼]

Bitcoin and Ethereum are frequently promoted as decentralized, but developers and academics question their actual decentralization. This motivates further experiments with public permissionless blockchains to achieve decentralization along technical, economic, and political lines. The distribution of tokenized voting rights aims for political decentralization. Tokenized voting rights achieved notoriety within the nascent field of decentralized finance (DeFi) in 2020. As an alternative to centralized crypto-asset exchanges and lending platforms (owned by companies like Coinbase and Celsius), DeFi developers typically create non-custodial projects that are not majority-owned or managed by legal entities. Holders of tokenized voting rights can instead govern DeFi projects. To scrutinize DeFi’s distributed governance strategies, we conducted a multiple-case study of non-custodial, Ethereum-based DeFi projects: Uniswap, Maker, SushiSwap, Yearn Finance, and UMA. Our findings are novel and surprising: quantitative evaluations of DeFi’s distributed governance strategies reveal a failure to achieve political decentralization. [less ▲]

Enhancing Trust in Trust Services: Towards an Intelligent Human-input-based Blockchain Oracle (IHiBO)

in Proceedings of the 55th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (2022, January)

As their name suggests, trust is of crucial importance in ‘‘trust service". Nevertheless, in many cases, these services suffer from a lack transparency, documentation, traceability, and inclusive multi ... [more ▼]

As their name suggests, trust is of crucial importance in ‘‘trust service". Nevertheless, in many cases, these services suffer from a lack transparency, documentation, traceability, and inclusive multi-lateral decision-making mechanisms. To overcome these challenges, in this paper we propose an integrated framework which incorporates formal argumentation and negotiation within a blockchain environment to make the decision-making processes of fund management transparent and traceable. We introduce three possible architectures and we evaluate and compare them considering different technical, financial, and legal aspects. [less ▲]

On Frame Fingerprinting and Controller Area Networks Security in Connected Vehicles

in IEEE Consumer Communications & Networking Conference, Virtual Conference 8-11 January 2022 (2022, January)

Modern connected vehicles are equipped with a large number of sensors, which enable a wide range of services that can improve overall traffic safety and efficiency. However, remote access to connected ... [more ▼]

Modern connected vehicles are equipped with a large number of sensors, which enable a wide range of services that can improve overall traffic safety and efficiency. However, remote access to connected vehicles also introduces new security issues affecting both inter and intra-vehicle communications. In fact, existing intra-vehicle communication systems, such as Controller Area Network (CAN), lack security features, such as encryption and secure authentication for Electronic Control Units (ECUs). Instead, Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) seek security through obscurity by keeping secret the proprietary format with which they encode the information. Recently, it has been shown that the reuse of CAN frame IDs can be exploited to perform CAN bus reverse engineering without physical access to the vehicle, thus raising further security concerns in a connected environment. This work investigates whether anonymizing the frames of each newly released vehicle is sufficient to prevent CAN bus reverse engineering based on frame ID matching. The results show that, by adopting Machine Learning techniques, anonymized CAN frames can still be fingerprinted and identified in an unknown vehicle with an accuracy of up to 80 %. [less ▲]

Theory of Mind and Delegation to Robotic Virtual Agents

in Proceedings of the 31st IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN) (2022)

Developing a distributed and fractionated system of 10 grams satellites for planetary observation

in Proceedings of the International Astronautical Congress, IAC2 (2022)

The miniaturization of electronic components enables major reduction of spacecraft size and mass, as is the caseof CubeSats, PocketQubes, and Femtosats, which offer shorter development time and costs, in ... [more ▼]

The miniaturization of electronic components enables major reduction of spacecraft size and mass, as is the caseof CubeSats, PocketQubes, and Femtosats, which offer shorter development time and costs, in comparison withtraditionally larger satellites. However, these miniaturized satellites still require a considerable effort in terms of timeand investment (several years of development, and costs around 105-106 EUR for CubeSats). More recently, an evensmaller class of spacecraft, the Chipsats has been introduced. Chipsats are microchip-shaped spacecraft with massesranging from a few grams to 10s of grams. At the lower end of the mass range (1-10 grams), they belong to the classof Attosats. Due to their small size, Attosats enable unprecedented low costs, agile development and potential forswarm missions of distributed and fractioned systems for applications such as planetary observation. However,despite their benefits there have not been many initiatives to develop Attosat systems. In this article, the developmentof a satellite system of three 10-grams satellites is presented. The three satellites work together to achieve thecommon goal of studying Earth’s atmospheric environment, conforming a distributed system. Moreover, as thedifferent satellites are designed to perform different functions, they conform a fractionated system as well: onesatellite acts as a communication node transmitting data to ground stations, while the two other satellites haveenvironment sampling capabilities. Visual intersatellite communication capabilities ensure data transmission amongthe satellites. The presented system is meant as a technology demonstration project for future distributed andfragmented satellite swarm systems for atmospheric planetary exploration. The Attosats are scheduled for launch onOctober 2023 on board of a Momentus spacecraft [less ▲]

Spatial Spectrum Nulling for Wideband OFDM-DFRC System With Hybrid Beamforming Architecture

in 2022 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC) (2022)

This paper deals with the problem of the hybrid beamforming design of wideband orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) dual-function radar-communication (DFRC) system, which is expected to ... [more ▼]

This paper deals with the problem of the hybrid beamforming design of wideband orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) dual-function radar-communication (DFRC) system, which is expected to achieve a satisfactory user's spectral efficiency and form excellent space-frequency spectrum behavior as well as spatial nulls on the directions of strong signal-dependent interference (such as clutters) simultaneously. For such purpose, we formulate our problem by maximizing the communication spectral efficiency subject to the constraints of radar integrated sidelobe to mainlobe ratio (ISMR) and spatial spectrum nulling (SSN). Due to the fact that the analog beamformer for all subcarriers and digital beamformer for each subcarrier are simultaneously optimized in the wideband OFDM system, the resultant problem is difficult to solve. Towards that end, an efficient algorithm is devised based on the consensus alternating direction method of multipliers (CADMM) framework. Numerical simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed hybrid beamforming algorithm. [less ▲]

Combinated Treatment of Wastewater Using Photo-Fenton and Granular Active Carbon Enhancing the Microcontaminants Removall

in Proceedings of the 39th IAHR World Congress (Granada, 2022) (2022)

What if data protection embraced foresight and speculative design?

in DRS2022: Bilbao (2022)

Due to rapid technological advancements and the growing “datafication” of our societies, individuals’ privacy constitutes an increasingly explored speculative space for regulators, researchers ... [more ▼]

Due to rapid technological advancements and the growing “datafication” of our societies, individuals’ privacy constitutes an increasingly explored speculative space for regulators, researchers, practitioners, designers and artists. This article reports two experiences at a national and an international data protection authority (i.e., the Commission Nationale de l'Informatique et des Libertés - CNIL - and the European Data Protection Supervisor - EDPS - respectively), where foresight methods and speculative design are employed in policy-making with the goal of anticipating technological trends, their implications for society and their impact on regulations, as well as the effects of existing and upcoming laws on emerging technologies. Such initiatives can enhance strategic proactive abilities, raise public awareness of privacy issues and engender a participatory approach to the design of policies. They can also inspire the research, education and practice of legal design. [less ▲]

Mission to Mars Using Space-Sourced Propellant

in Proceedings of the International Astronautical Congress, IAC (2022)

Digitizing Inclusion in a Changing World: Comparing insights into four European countries for matching new global realities

Scientific Conference (2022)

Inclusion and digitalization are among the driving forces in global discourses on education and learning. These global realities cause extensive transformations at local, national, and international ... [more ▼]

Inclusion and digitalization are among the driving forces in global discourses on education and learning. These global realities cause extensive transformations at local, national, and international levels. At the same time, the goal of inclusion is directly interwoven with local conditions, understandings, and historically grown valuations. The concept oscillates between universally shared norms and highly divergent local implementations. Regarding the focus of the symposium it can be assumed that especially in the course of digitalization as one main reaction of the corona pandemic, learning materials are not only expected to be inclusion oriented but also need to be combinable with digital demands to address alls kinds of inequalities amongst students appropriately. Learning materials thus are a central momentum to expatiate on transformations of a changing world. In correspondence with the congress theme, the symposium will therefore discuss how a reflection on centrifugal forces of interdependence and individuality can be located in the context of the immediate everyday life in schools and educational practice. In order to be able to discuss these tensions and current changes within educational practices starting from learning materials, an anchor point is needed in order to open up the international comparison of local specifics. The anchor point for this symposium is a criteria catalog which enables the international comparison of learning materials in their cultural contexts and provides a visualization of local particularities in the field of learning materials (Vogt et al. 2021). If these results are put into relation with the inclusive landscapes in different countries, further insights of relevance for inclusion as a global topic can be generated. The data basis springs from the ITM project (2018-2021, funded by Erasmus+) and other international collections of material. Speakers with expertise in regard to the triangulation of learning materials, inclusion and digitalization from four European universities (Ostrava, Czech Republic; Bielefeld, Germany; Luxemburg and Örebro, Sweden) present their findings in the symposium, more in-depth talks about national perspectives as well as a concluding wrap up. The following research questions are a guideline for each section of the symposium: 1. What are the local specifics and constellations as well as understandings of inclusion as a global reality that are being mirrored in teaching material? 2. How can the international comparison of teaching material impact the advancement of inclusion on a local level? 3. How can international comparative educational research become a driving force in the productive negotiation of globally relevant tensions? The contributions are methodologically based on group discussions and expert interviews about selected learning materials, their quality and criteria for evaluating them. These exchanges have been evaluated with the qualitative content analysis by Mayring (2015). Discourse analysis and context analysis were applied. Furthermore, source corpora of learning material were developed and materials were examined using a qualitative content analysis. This refers to the ITM project from Luxembourg, Örebro and Bielefeld University (Erasmus funding line, 2018-2021) as well as the contribution by Ostrava University. The material mainly comes from primary school education and takes into account various subjects, e.g. mathematics and natural sciences. By looking at the results of the interviews and the analysis of teaching materials as well as on the findings about the cultural and local conditions the presenters were able to develop a deeper understanding about how learning materials are set up for inclusive learning processes and about the underpinning understanding of inclusion in different cultural settings. This is the needed foundation to contextualize everyday practices of teaching and learning with the demands of education within the digital condition. [less ▲]

Weightwise perfectly balanced functions and nonlinearity

in Codes, Cryptology and Information Security (2022)

In this article we realize a general study on the nonlinearity of weightwise perfectly balanced (WPB) <br />functions. First, we derive upper and lower bounds on the nonlinearity from this class of ... [more ▼]

In this article we realize a general study on the nonlinearity of weightwise perfectly balanced (WPB) <br />functions. First, we derive upper and lower bounds on the nonlinearity from this class of functions for all n. Then, <br />we give a general construction that allows us to provably provide WPB functions with nonlinearity as low as <br />2 <br />n/2−1 <br />and WPB functions with high nonlinearity, at least 2 <br />n−1 − 2 <br />n/2 <br />. We provide concrete examples in 8 and <br />16 variables with high nonlinearity given by this construction. In 8 variables we experimentally obtain functions <br />reaching a nonlinearity of 116 which corresponds to the upper bound of Dobbertin’s conjecture, and it improves <br />upon the maximal nonlinearity of WPB functions recently obtained with genetic algorithms. Finally, we study the <br />distribution of nonlinearity over the set of WPB functions. We examine the exact distribution for n = 4 and provide <br />an algorithm to estimate the distributions for n = 8 and 16, together with the results of our experimental studies for <br />n = 8 and 16. [less ▲]

Theoretical and empirical perspectives on the value of non-formal education

in Carmo, Mafalda (Ed.) Education and New Developments 2022 (2022)

Due to its principles of voluntariness and openness and because of its diverse offer of subject-related educational opportunities, open youth work has a high potential to support young people in their ... [more ▼]

Due to its principles of voluntariness and openness and because of its diverse offer of subject-related educational opportunities, open youth work has a high potential to support young people in their development and self-education. These learning and educational opportunities are holistic and comprehensive and often go far beyond the acquisition of skills and competences. How can these educational processes be described empirically and what form of education can be spoken of here at all? These questions are addressed by the qualitative-reconstructive study "Educational Experiences in Non-formal Settings", which is conducted at the Centre for Childhood and Youth Research (CCY) at the University of Luxembourg. The study examines the subjective educational experiences of young people in open youth work from various perspectives: on the basis of participant observations in youth centres, in problem-centred interviews and group discussions with young people, as well as via a complementary quantitative survey of young people. [less ▲]