![]() Liu, Yuan ![]() ![]() ![]() in Liu, Yuan; Wu, Linlong; Alaeekerahroodi, Mohammad (Eds.) et al 2022 IEEE 12th Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop (SAM) (2022, June) Because of the near-field nature of radio propagation, spherical wave-front and multipath effect are prominent in indoor scenarios, making localization even more difficult. In this paper, we propose a ... [more ▼] Because of the near-field nature of radio propagation, spherical wave-front and multipath effect are prominent in indoor scenarios, making localization even more difficult. In this paper, we propose a three-dimensional (3D) indoor localization algorithm that takes these issues into account. Specifically, we first adopted a high-resolution channel parameter estimation method for path delays based on the Space-Alternating Generalized Expectation-maximization (SAGE), and then these path delays are adopted in the 3D localization principles based on the target-antenna geometry. The proposed algorithm is validated by numerical simulations, where the channel data is generated by the propagation graph (PG) to model the true wireless propagation closely in the testing scenarios. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach can deal with both point and non-point targets with 3D localization errors of less than 30 cm for 97% of the testing trails in a 10×20×3 m3 indoor space. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 43 (9 UL)![]() Kohns, Oliver ![]() Scientific Conference (2022, June) Detailed reference viewed: 45 (0 UL)![]() Mashhood, Muhammad ![]() Poster (2022, May 31) The additive manufacturing (AM) is competent method for the manufacturing of complex metal parts with wider process flexibility. During manufacturing, the metal part repetitively undergoes heating and ... [more ▼] The additive manufacturing (AM) is competent method for the manufacturing of complex metal parts with wider process flexibility. During manufacturing, the metal part repetitively undergoes heating and cooling under the influence of laser passes and ambient conditions respectively. In turn, the material experiences the thermal strain and residual stress. The aim of the work is to predict them using certain material model. Where the solidified metal part from melt-pool is considered in current analysis. For numerical simulation, Finite Element Method (FEM) is chosen. The heat equation is first solved for thermal profile of AM Process. Afterwards, the structural analysis is performed with such thermal load. The non linear constitutive material model is utilised. For concerned material model, the temperature dependence upon the material properties is also implemented. The resulting Finite Element Analysis (FEA) platform offers the macro-scale thermal solution and the prediction of resulting plastic distortion in material. This prediction however has become more accurate when the variable material property, depending upon the temperature of analysis zone, is introduced. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 27 (2 UL)![]() Infanti, Alexandre ![]() Scientific Conference (2022, May 31) Introduction : La cyberchondrie se caractérise pas des recherches en ligne répétées et compulsives au sujet de la santé, résultant en une détresse et une augmentation de l’anxiété liée à la santé. Ce ... [more ▼] Introduction : La cyberchondrie se caractérise pas des recherches en ligne répétées et compulsives au sujet de la santé, résultant en une détresse et une augmentation de l’anxiété liée à la santé. Ce comportement, considéré comme un problème de santé publique émergeant, pourrait être exacerbé par l’apparition de la pandémie de Covid-19. Cette étude vise à étudier les changements dans la gravité de la cyberchondrie durant la pandémie et d’identifier les prédicteurs de la cyberchondrie à ce moment. Méthode : Des données auto-rapportées sur la gravité de la cyberchondrie (avant et pendant la pandémie), le style d’attachement, les traits d’impulsivité, les symptômes somatiques, les peurs liées au Covid-19, l’anxiété liée à la santé, et l’intolérance à l’incertitude ont été collectées auprès de 725 participants. L’étude en ligne a été distribuée dans les pays européens francophones lors de la première vague de la pandémie. Résultats : Les facettes de détresse et d’interférence avec le fonctionnement de la cyberchondrie ont augmentés durant la pandémie, alors que la facette de réassurance a diminué. Lors des analyses de régression utilisant l’apprentissage automatique supervisé, les peurs liées au Covid-19 ainsi que l’anxiété liée à la santé ont émergés comme étant les prédicteurs les plus importants des facettes de détresse et d’interférence avec le fonctionnement de la cyberchondrie pendant la pandémie. Conclusion : Ces résultats mettent en exergue l’impact de la pandémie sur la cyberchondrie et identifie les facteurs qui devraient être investis pour prévenir et gérer la cyberchondrie lors d’une crise de santé publique. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 65 (0 UL)![]() ![]() Aminnia, Navid ![]() ![]() ![]() Poster (2022, May 31) Computational models can be used to optimize metal additive manufacturing parts, and can also play a role in the evaluation of component quality. Among the most important components of such models will be ... [more ▼] Computational models can be used to optimize metal additive manufacturing parts, and can also play a role in the evaluation of component quality. Among the most important components of such models will be the detailed simulation of flow and heat transfer in and around the melt pool that is formed when the powder bed is melted. In the present work, A Powder Bed Fusion process is studied numerically by using a coupled Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model and eXtended Discrete Element Method (XDEM) model to predict the physical behavior of discrete particles and the melt pool. In XDEM, a randomly packed powder bed of spherical particles is generated and heat and momentum exchange of each particle with other particles and the melt pool are calculated. The CFD model will predict the effects of laser-melt and powder-melt interactions on the melt pool dynamics. Using the developed numerical framework, it will be possible to determine how powder size distribution, the velocity of a laser beam, and the power, among other factors, will affect the characteristics of melt pool. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 72 (4 UL)![]() ![]() Estupinan Donoso, Alvaro Antonio ![]() ![]() ![]() Scientific Conference (2022, May 31) During the Discrete Element Method (DEM) representation of powder bed processes (e.g. tungsten oxide reduction, tungsten carbide synthesis, selective laser sintering) a numerical solution for each single ... [more ▼] During the Discrete Element Method (DEM) representation of powder bed processes (e.g. tungsten oxide reduction, tungsten carbide synthesis, selective laser sintering) a numerical solution for each single particle is impractical due to the extremely high number of particles (e.g. 10^12). However, in such processes, particles in the vicinity of each other observe low gradients concerning their thermodynamic state. This characteristic can be exploited to avoid solving repeatedly numerically equivalent equation systems. This contribution presents two numerical methods aiming to reduce the computational costs of DEM approaches for the thermochemical conversion of powder beds. In the two methods after an appropriated numerical treatment, a group of particles under similar boundary conditions is substituted by a single-effective-entity. Consequently, the entire powder space is divided into sub-domains to be solved. The methods result in considerable lower number of equations that increase computational efficiency and enable feasible time simulations. The applications of the industrial synthesis of tungsten powders and the selective laser sintering (SLS) of powder metals are presented and discussed. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 44 (2 UL)![]() Hunegnaw, Addisu ![]() Scientific Conference (2022, May 26) Over the last few decades, anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions have increased the frequency of climatological anomalies such as temperature, precipitation, and evapotranspiration. It is noticed that ... [more ▼] Over the last few decades, anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions have increased the frequency of climatological anomalies such as temperature, precipitation, and evapotranspiration. It is noticed that the frequency and severity of the intense precipitation signify a greater susceptibility to flash flooding. Flash flooding continues to be a major threat to European cities, with devastating mortality and considerable damage to urban infrastructure. As a result, accurate forecasting of future extreme precipitation events is critical for natural hazard mitigation. A network of ground-based GNSS receivers enables the measurement of integrated water vapour along slant pathways providing three-dimensional water vapour distributions. This study aims to demonstrate how GNSS sensing of the troposphere can be used to monitor the rapid and extreme weather events that occurred in central Europe in June 2013 and resulted in flash floods and property damage. We recovered one-way slant wet delay (SWD) by adding GNSS post-fit phase residuals, representing the troposphere's higher-order inhomogeneity. Nonetheless, noise in the GNSS phase observable caused by site-specific multipath can significantly affect the SWD from individual satellites. To overcome the problem, we employ a suitable averaging strategy for stacking post-fit phase residuals obtained from the PPP processing strategy to generate site-specific multipath corrections maps (MPS). The spatial stacking is carried out in congruent cells with an optimal resolution in elevation and azimuth at the local horizon but with decreasing azimuth resolution as the elevation angle increases. This permits an approximately equal number of observations allocated to each cell. The spatio-temporal fluctuations in the SWD as measured by GNSS closely mirrored the moisture field associated with severe weather events in central Europe, i.e., a brief rise prior to the main rain events, followed by a rapid decline once the storms passed. Furthermore, we validated the one-way SWD between ground-based water-vapour radiometry (WVR) and GNSS-derived SWD for different elevation angles. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 41 (3 UL)![]() Schmitz, Sandra ![]() Scientific Conference (2022, May 25) Detailed reference viewed: 42 (1 UL)![]() Amard, Alexandre ![]() ![]() ![]() in Drechsler, A.; Gerber, A.; Hevner, A. (Eds.) The Transdisciplinary Reach of Design Science Research. DESRIST 2022 (2022, May 25) After being granted asylum in European countries, refugees need to go through a multitude of administrative processes before they can participate in society. However, these processes are often challenging ... [more ▼] After being granted asylum in European countries, refugees need to go through a multitude of administrative processes before they can participate in society. However, these processes are often challenging, as refugees struggle to understand them, lack instructions for managing paperwork, and do not possess the required language skills. Prior research emphasizes the role of information and communication technologies to simplify and enable refugee-friendly administrative processes. However, recent research and existing applications mainly focus on information retrieval and do not offer assistance for understanding official letters, completing administrative forms, and managing corresponding documents. Furthermore, refugees are often reluctant to use existing applications as they do not trust their host country’s governments and public authorities. In this research, we aim to address this functional and trust gap. We follow a design science research approach to develop a design for a refugee-centric and trustworthy mobile application that assists refugees along administrative processes. In doing so, we identify three design principles that may guide the development of such applications for refugees. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 80 (19 UL)![]() Calcio, Mathilde ![]() Scientific Conference (2022, May 25) Detailed reference viewed: 15 (0 UL)![]() ![]() Clavert, Frédéric ![]() ![]() Scientific Conference (2022, May 24) Building upon our experience with ARCH, our study related to the IIPC Novel Coronavirus collection, as well as upon the first months of research we conducted as a cohort team in the Archives Unleashed ... [more ▼] Building upon our experience with ARCH, our study related to the IIPC Novel Coronavirus collection, as well as upon the first months of research we conducted as a cohort team in the Archives Unleashed Project, we will provide feedback related to users’ needs and achievements. Ian Milligan distinguished in his paper “You shouldn’t Need to be a Web Historian to Use Web Archives: Lowering Barriers to Access Through Community and Infrastructure” (WARCnet paper, Aarhus, 2020), three personas: a computational humanist, a digital humanist, and a conventional historian. As an heterogeneous team, mirroring in some ways the personas distinguished by Ian Milligan, we will underline the successes and failures we experienced, the technical layers and levels we unfolded, our experience of collective work which also needs to take interdisciplinarity and heterogeneity (of technical skills, interests, availability, digital literacy) into account, the value of mentorship and our iterative process with data and research questions. We will finally shortly discuss the many pros and few cons in lowering barriers to access web archives (e.g. How to make access easiest without hiding the complexity of web archives?). [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 48 (1 UL)![]() Samhi, Jordan ![]() ![]() ![]() in 19th International Conference on Mining Software Repositories, Data Showcase, (MSR 2022) (2022, May 23) Many Android apps analyzers rely, among other techniques, on dynamic analysis to monitor their runtime behavior and detect potential security threats. However, malicious developers use subtle, though ... [more ▼] Many Android apps analyzers rely, among other techniques, on dynamic analysis to monitor their runtime behavior and detect potential security threats. However, malicious developers use subtle, though efficient, techniques to bypass dynamic analyzers. Logic bombs are examples of popular techniques where the malicious code is triggered only under specific circumstances, challenging comprehensive dynamic analyses. The research community has proposed various approaches and tools to detect logic bombs. Unfortunately, rigorous assessment and fair comparison of state-of-the-art techniques are impossible due to the lack of ground truth. In this paper, we present TriggerZoo, a new dataset of 406 Android apps containing logic bombs and benign trigger-based behavior that we release only to the research community using authenticated API. These apps are real-world apps from Google Play that have been automatically infected by our tool AndroBomb. The injected pieces of code implementing the logic bombs cover a large pallet of realistic logic bomb types that we have manually characterized from a set of real logic bombs. Researchers can exploit this dataset as ground truth to assess their approaches and provide comparisons against other tools. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 100 (11 UL)![]() Oyedotun, Oyebade ![]() ![]() Poster (2022, May 22) Detailed reference viewed: 93 (20 UL)![]() Ma, Wei ![]() ![]() in Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Mining Software Repositories (2022, May 22) Code embedding is a keystone in the application of machine learn- ing on several Software Engineering (SE) tasks. To effectively support a plethora of SE tasks, the embedding needs to capture program ... [more ▼] Code embedding is a keystone in the application of machine learn- ing on several Software Engineering (SE) tasks. To effectively support a plethora of SE tasks, the embedding needs to capture program syntax and semantics in a way that is generic. To this end, we propose the first self-supervised pre-training approach (called GraphCode2Vec) which produces task-agnostic embedding of lexical and program dependence features. GraphCode2Vec achieves this via a synergistic combination of code analysis and Graph Neural Networks. GraphCode2Vec is generic, it allows pre-training, and it is applicable to several SE downstream tasks. We evaluate the effectiveness of GraphCode2Vec on four (4) tasks (method name prediction, solution classification, mutation testing and overfitted patch classification), and compare it with four (4) similarly generic code embedding baselines (Code2Seq, Code2Vec, CodeBERT, Graph- CodeBERT) and seven (7) task-specific, learning-based methods. In particular, GraphCode2Vec is more effective than both generic and task-specific learning-based baselines. It is also complementary and comparable to GraphCodeBERT (a larger and more complex model). We also demonstrate through a probing and ablation study that GraphCode2Vec learns lexical and program dependence features and that self-supervised pre-training improves effectiveness. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 19 (3 UL)![]() Samhi, Jordan ![]() ![]() ![]() in 44th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE 2022) (2022, May 21) Native code is now commonplace within Android app packages where it co-exists and interacts with Dex bytecode through the Java Native Interface to deliver rich app functionalities. Yet, state-of-the-art ... [more ▼] Native code is now commonplace within Android app packages where it co-exists and interacts with Dex bytecode through the Java Native Interface to deliver rich app functionalities. Yet, state-of-the-art static analysis approaches have mostly overlooked the presence of such native code, which, however, may implement some key sensitive, or even malicious, parts of the app behavior. This limitation of the state of the art is a severe threat to validity in a large range of static analyses that do not have a complete view of the executable code in apps. To address this issue, we propose a new advance in the ambitious research direction of building a unified model of all code in Android apps. The JuCify approach presented in this paper is a significant step towards such a model, where we extract and merge call graphs of native code and bytecode to make the final model readily-usable by a common Android analysis framework: in our implementation, JuCify builds on the Soot internal intermediate representation. We performed empirical investigations to highlight how, without the unified model, a significant amount of Java methods called from the native code are ``unreachable'' in apps' call-graphs, both in goodware and malware. Using JuCify, we were able to enable static analyzers to reveal cases where malware relied on native code to hide invocation of payment library code or of other sensitive code in the Android framework. Additionally, JuCify's model enables state-of-the-art tools to achieve better precision and recall in detecting data leaks through native code. Finally, we show that by using JuCify we can find sensitive data leaks that pass through native code. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 107 (17 UL)![]() Samhi, Jordan ![]() ![]() in 44th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE 2022) (2022, May 21) One prominent tactic used to keep malicious behavior from being detected during dynamic test campaigns is logic bombs, where malicious operations are triggered only when specific conditions are satisfied ... [more ▼] One prominent tactic used to keep malicious behavior from being detected during dynamic test campaigns is logic bombs, where malicious operations are triggered only when specific conditions are satisfied. Defusing logic bombs remains an unsolved problem in the literature. In this work, we propose to investigate Suspicious Hidden Sensitive Operations (SHSOs) as a step towards triaging logic bombs. To that end, we develop a novel hybrid approach that combines static analysis and anomaly detection techniques to uncover SHSOs, which we predict as likely implementations of logic bombs. Concretely, Difuzer identifies SHSO entry-points using an instrumentation engine and an inter-procedural data-flow analysis. Then, it extracts trigger-specific features to characterize SHSOs and leverages One-Class SVM to implement an unsupervised learning model for detecting abnormal triggers. We evaluate our prototype and show that it yields a precision of 99.02% to detect SHSOs among which 29.7% are logic bombs. Difuzer outperforms the state-of-the-art in revealing more logic bombs while yielding less false positives in about one order of magnitude less time. All our artifacts are released to the community. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 77 (12 UL)![]() Schafer, Valerie ![]() Scientific Conference (2022, May 20) This keynote during Humanistica 2022 aimed to retrace 15 years of evolution of web archiving and web archives' studies. It also presented some research projects like the current Hivi, WARCnet and AWAC2 ... [more ▼] This keynote during Humanistica 2022 aimed to retrace 15 years of evolution of web archiving and web archives' studies. It also presented some research projects like the current Hivi, WARCnet and AWAC2 projects. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 53 (2 UL)![]() ![]() Brüll, Christoph ![]() ![]() Scientific Conference (2022, May 20) Detailed reference viewed: 58 (2 UL)![]() ; Temperoni, Alessandro ![]() ![]() in Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining - 26th Pacific-Asia Conference, PAKDD 2022, Chengdu, China, May 16-19, 2022, Proceedings, Part II. (2022, May 18) Detailed reference viewed: 25 (1 UL)![]() Ganschow, Inna ![]() Scientific Conference (2022, May 17) Inna Ganschow untersucht in ihrem Vortrag die verschiedenen Typen totaler Institutionen im Sinne Erving Goffmans auf dem Weg von ZwangsarbeiterInnen aus der Sowjetunion nach Luxemburg und zurück. Von den ... [more ▼] Inna Ganschow untersucht in ihrem Vortrag die verschiedenen Typen totaler Institutionen im Sinne Erving Goffmans auf dem Weg von ZwangsarbeiterInnen aus der Sowjetunion nach Luxemburg und zurück. Von den nationalsozialistischen Durchgangs- und Kriegsgefangenenlagern über die luxemburgischen Werk- und Ostarbeiterlager bis hin zu den sowjetischen Sammel- und Filterlagern endete die lange Reise nach Hause oft nach einigen Monaten oder Jahren erneut in einem Lager oder einer Zwangsansiedlung. Die Repatriierung junger ukrainischer, weißrussischer und russischer Frauen wird anhand von erhaltenen Dokumenten aus erster Hand, verschiedenen Lager- und Betriebsunterlagen sowie Augenzeugenberichten rekonstruiert. Die Rückführung wird im Hinblick auf ihre Funktion analysiert, die eine Bestrafung, eine Belohnung oder ein Schutz sein konnte. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 34 (0 UL)![]() Bera, Abhishek ![]() in IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (2022, May 16) 5G-enabled UAV-based services have become popular for civilian applications. At the same time, certain no-fly zones will be highly dynamic, e.g. accident areas, large outdoor public events, VIP convoys ... [more ▼] 5G-enabled UAV-based services have become popular for civilian applications. At the same time, certain no-fly zones will be highly dynamic, e.g. accident areas, large outdoor public events, VIP convoys etc. An appropriate geofencing algorithm is required to avoid the no-fly zone in such scenarios. However, it is challenging to execute a high computing process such as a geofencing algorithm for a resource constraint UAV. This paper proposes an architecture and a geofencing algorithm for 5G-enabled UAV using Mobile Edge Computing (MEC). Also, the 5G-enabled UAV must fly within the coverage area during a mission. Hence, there must be an optimal trade-off between 5G coverage and distance to travel to design a new trajectory for a 5G-enabled UAV. To this end, we propose a cost minimization problem to generate a new trajectory while a no-fly zone exists. Specifically, we design a cost function considering 5G coverage and the velocity of the UAV. Then, we propose a geofencing algorithm running at the MEC by adopting the fast marching method (FMM) to generate a new trajectory for the UAV. Finally, a numerical example shows how the proposed geofencing algorithm generates an optimal trajectory for a UAV to avoid a dynamically created no-fly zone while on the mission. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 62 (23 UL)![]() Kavehmadavani, Fatemeh ![]() ![]() ![]() in Traffic Steering for eMBB and uRLLC Coexistence in Open Radio Access Networks (2022, May 16) Existing radio access network (RAN) architectures are lack of sufficient openness, flexibility, and intelligence to meet the diverse demands of emerging services in beyond 5G and 6G wireless networks ... [more ▼] Existing radio access network (RAN) architectures are lack of sufficient openness, flexibility, and intelligence to meet the diverse demands of emerging services in beyond 5G and 6G wireless networks, including enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) and ultra-reliable and low-latency (uRLLC). Open RAN (ORAN) is a promising paradigm that allows building a virtualized and intelligent architecture. In this paper, we focus on traffic steering (TS) scheme based on multi-connectivity (MC) and network slicing (NS) techniques to efficiently allocate heterogeneous network resources in “NextG” cellular networks. We formulate the RAN resource allocation problem to simultaneously maximize the weighted sum eMBB throughput and minimize the worst-user uRLLC latency subject to QoS requirements, and orthogonality, power, and limited fronthaul constraints. Since the formulated problem is categorized as a mixed integer … [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 37 (15 UL)![]() Danescu, Elena ![]() Scientific Conference (2022, May 13) Luxembourg is a multicultural, multilingual and cross-border area par excellence that has always sought to maintain an openness to its neighbours, both for reasons of security and to give itself access to ... [more ▼] Luxembourg is a multicultural, multilingual and cross-border area par excellence that has always sought to maintain an openness to its neighbours, both for reasons of security and to give itself access to larger markets. Despite its small geographical area, limited workforce and lack of natural resources, Luxembourg is currently first out of 196 countries worldwide in terms of GDP/capita (with 114 370 €/capita, representing 260% of the EU average).Thanks to a long-term strategic vision, political and institutional innovation and structural changes implemented in economy throughout the 20th century, the once bipolar agricultural/industrial society has become a competitive society based largely on knowledge-intensive services and centred on the financial sector, characterised by high-performing human capital, political stability, prosperity and a strong welfare system.Taking this observation as a starting point, adopting a comparative and interdisciplinary perspective and drawing on a wide range of European and international archive and institutional sources, the paper sets out to address the following research questions: what are the factors of change and the major challenges facing Luxembourg in the digital transition? What institutions and governance is it using to tackle these challenges? What are the risks, benefits and opportunities of this transformation over the long term? What are the country’s strengths in terms of competitiveness, and what are the weaknesses that might jeopardise its comparative advantages? What is the impact of digitalisation on the public sector and on the government’s links with business and the public at large? [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 103 (1 UL)![]() Schmitz, Sandra ![]() Scientific Conference (2022, May 10) Detailed reference viewed: 193 (0 UL)![]() ; ; et al Scientific Conference (2022, May 09) Detailed reference viewed: 23 (1 UL)![]() Teferle, Felix Norman ![]() ![]() ![]() Scientific Conference (2022, May 05) Today, modern geospatial technologies and methods are widely used in combination with the documentation and preservation of objects of importance to cultural heritage. In this setting, archeologists and ... [more ▼] Today, modern geospatial technologies and methods are widely used in combination with the documentation and preservation of objects of importance to cultural heritage. In this setting, archeologists and historians alike benefit from the rapid technological developments over the past decades, which have resulted in instrumentation that allows the capture of real objects and the generation of accurate and precise three-dimensional (3D) digital representations, i.e. models, from these sensed data. Here, the object of interest is the villa of the late historian Professor Gilbert Trausch with its library, for which a virtual library should be created for the general public. The building is an 19th century townhouse located on Limpertsberg in the City of Luxembourg and contains a cellar, three floors as well as a loft. Of particular interest were the cellar, stair cases, the first (the location of Professor Trausch’s office) and second floors as most of the bookshelves are situated there. In line with state-of-the-art approaches for 3D building modelling, a broad spectrum of modern geospatial technologies including classical surveying, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), digital close-range photogrammetry and terrestrial laser scanning were employed to capture the Villa Trausch and its 33 bookshelves, i.e. Trausch’s Library, in all its details, while providing all data in one homogeneous coordinate system. Models and more photo-realistic visualizations of the exterior and interior have been obtained using, e.g., indoor images captured during the scanning. These allowed us to explore different virtual reality (VR) pathways employed by the gaming industry, for the generation of a first VR experience of the building in the sense of a digital museum. Currently solutions for the development of a public virtual library using commercial providers are investigated. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 82 (12 UL)![]() Li, Xiao ![]() ![]() ![]() Poster (2022, May 03) The resources of space offer a means to enable sustainable exploration of the Moon and Solar System beyond, thus developing space resource technologies is becoming a major topic for space-related activity ... [more ▼] The resources of space offer a means to enable sustainable exploration of the Moon and Solar System beyond, thus developing space resource technologies is becoming a major topic for space-related activity internationally. However, verifying and validating such systems on Earth conditions is challenging due to the difficulty of filling the sim2reality gap by creating the exact environment. We hypothesize that having on-ground experimental facilities that integrate high-fidelity simulation and physical systems will enable close-to-real testing, speeding up the transition between space technology development and deployment stages. NVIDIA Omniverse recently gained interest to create photorealistic environments, and it is a promising tool to simulate space-related scenarios with high fidelity. Physically accurate and faithful on-orbit scenarios could be generated in Omniverse Create by integrating PhysX physics core and Pixar Universal Scene Description. Omniverse also includes a robotic simulator that connects to physical robotic systems. Various connectors between Omniverse and other platforms such as Unreal Engine, Blender, Autodesk, ParaView, and online collaboration capacity offer the possibility of importing models of space mission components, space scenes, and scientific data into Omniverse. NVIDIA Omniverse seems auspicious in terms of developing high-fidelity photorealistic simulations. In the HELEN project between SpaceR and Spacety, we are developing a close-to-real testing environment for validating debris removal technology. Within this project, we will explore the potential of Omniverse to integrate virtual and physical components, i.e., high-fidelity photorealistic on-orbit simulations with the Zero-G lab facility, for creating reliable testing conditions to reduce the sim2reality gap. SIL and HIL testing architectures for space systems will be developed using software such as MATLAB/Simulink. Moreover, the robotic systems of the Zero-G lab can be linked to the Omniverse’s robotic simulator using its ROS & ROS2 bridge. The figure presents an overview of Omniverse under the scope of the HELEN project. HELEN will show the combination of photorealistic simulations using Omniverse, SIL, and HIL with the Zero-G lab creates a high-fidelity testing environment for future space resources technology. We also believe that the number of human-made objects orbiting the Earth constitutes a great potential for the recovery of their resources. Most of those include valuable materials (Aluminum, Gold, Silver). Therefore, in the future, debris mitigation efforts can target the recovery of such resources, as pointed out in [1]. Reference:[1] Frank Koch, The Value of Space Debris (2021), 8th European Conference on Space Debris [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 472 (35 UL)![]() Hubert Delisle, Maxime ![]() ![]() ![]() Poster (2022, May 03) From the beginning of space exploration more than 60 years ago, only a few in-orbit objects have been removed or reused. In fact, the Kessler Syndrome states that the number of space debris is growing ... [more ▼] From the beginning of space exploration more than 60 years ago, only a few in-orbit objects have been removed or reused. In fact, the Kessler Syndrome states that the number of space debris is growing exponentially [1], leaving unused uncooperative objects orbiting at high velocities at several altitudes, especially in Low-Earth Orbit (LEO). In other words, the situation brings up two main critical issues: not only a non-sustainable space environment for satellite missions, with orbit saturation, but also the creation of an unsafe place for future human-related space exploration missions. Active Debris Removal is a possible solution for tackling the problem of space debris. Despite being extremely challenging, catching autonomously and harmlessly an uncooperative object tumbling at high velocity demands reliability, compliance and robustness. The fruitful collaboration between industry and academia (Spacety Luxembourg - SnT-SpaceR research group at the University of Luxembourg), is leading to the cutting-edge concept of a two-step capturing mechanism. A first ‘soft capture’ ensures that the debris is received softly while dampening any vibrations generated during the contact. Then, a ‘hard capture’ secures the debris so that it would be deorbited or safely shipped for other orbits or space stations for reuse. Capturing debris and decommissioned in-orbit objects for recycling or reusing can be the anchor of new opportunities in space and beyond. Most of the objects in orbit can have aluminum parts, besides other beneficial materials among their subsystems, such as solar panels, antennas or electronics which can be reused. To maximize space resources reusability, it is important to not harm the target. Capturing solutions such as harpoons or rigid interfaces can cause damage to the targets, resulting in hardly exploitable resources, and even more smaller debris tumbling in orbit [2]. An application of the proposed capturing technology would be to collect defunct satellites and debris, thus contributing to a more sustainable environment in space, gathering those on a possible recycling orbit or to any future Space Station for recycling. References [1] Drmola J. and Hubik T., Kessler Syndrome: System Dynamics Model (2018), In-Space Policy, 44–45, 29–39 [2] Zhao P., Liu J. and Wu C., Survey on Research and Development of On-Orbit Active Debris Removal Methods (2020), Sci China Tech Sci, 63: 2188–2210 [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 177 (57 UL)![]() Rohles, Björn ![]() ![]() ![]() Scientific Conference (2022, May 01) Educators increasingly agree on the importance of teaching Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) to Computer Science (CS) students, but there is debate on how to best integrate HCI into CS curricula ... [more ▼] Educators increasingly agree on the importance of teaching Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) to Computer Science (CS) students, but there is debate on how to best integrate HCI into CS curricula. Unfortunately, standard course evaluations typically do not provide sufficient insights for improving HCI classes. In the present article, we used a human-centered design approach to evaluate our HCI classes, building on a qualitative study with CS students from four introductory HCI classes over two years. We report on a qualitative assessment through interviews, photo elicitation and sentence completion. Specifically, we addressed four research questions: which contents were the most relevant, how students experienced the courses, how they view the role of HCI in CS, and which outcomes they perceived from the HCI courses. We gathered rich qualitative insights beyond the standard course evaluations and derived concrete enhancements for future course iterations. We discuss implications for other HCI educators and contribute recommendations for the living HCI curriculum. Furthermore, we reflect on the usefulness of our methodological approach to collect in-depth constructive feedback from students. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 89 (8 UL)![]() Ezzini, Saad ![]() ![]() in In Proceedings of the 44th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE'22), Pittsburgh, PA, USA 22-27 May 2022 (2022, May) Ambiguity is a pervasive issue in natural-language requirements. A common source of ambiguity in requirements is when a pronoun is anaphoric. In requirements engineering, anaphoric ambiguity occurs when a ... [more ▼] Ambiguity is a pervasive issue in natural-language requirements. A common source of ambiguity in requirements is when a pronoun is anaphoric. In requirements engineering, anaphoric ambiguity occurs when a pronoun can plausibly refer to different entities and thus be interpreted differently by different readers. In this paper, we develop an accurate and practical automated approach for handling anaphoric ambiguity in requirements, addressing both ambiguity detection and anaphora interpretation. In view of the multiple competing natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning (ML) technologies that one can utilize, we simultaneously pursue six alternative solutions, empirically assessing each using a collection of ~1,350 industrial requirements. The alternative solution strategies that we consider are natural choices induced by the existing technologies; these choices frequently arise in other automation tasks involving natural-language requirements. A side-by-side empirical examination of these choices helps develop insights about the usefulness of different state-of-the-art NLP and ML technologies for addressing requirements engineering problems. For the ambiguity detection task, we observe that supervised ML outperforms both a large-scale language model, SpanBERT (a variant of BERT), as well as a solution assembled from off-the-shelf NLP coreference resolvers. In contrast, for anaphora interpretation, SpanBERT yields the most accurate solution. In our evaluation, (1) the best solution for anaphoric ambiguity detection has an average precision of ~60% and a recall of 100%, and (2) the best solution for anaphora interpretation (resolution) has an average success rate of ~98%. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 282 (23 UL)![]() Buscemi, Alessio ![]() ![]() in IEEE ICC 2022 Workshop - DDINS, Seoul 16-20 May 2022 (2022, May) The continuous increase of connectivity in commercial vehicles is leading to a higher number of remote access points to the Controller Area Network (CAN) – the most popular in-vehicle network system. This ... [more ▼] The continuous increase of connectivity in commercial vehicles is leading to a higher number of remote access points to the Controller Area Network (CAN) – the most popular in-vehicle network system. This factor, coupled with the absence of encryption in the communication protocol, poses serious threats to the security of the CAN bus. Recently, it has been demonstrated that CAN data can be reverse engineered via frame fingerprinting, i.e., identification of frames based on statistical traffic analysis. Such a methodology allows fully remote decoding of in-vehicle data and paves the way for remote pre-compiled vehicle-agnostic attacks. In this work, we propose a first solution against CAN frame fingerprinting based on mutating the traffic without applying modifications to the CAN protocol. The results show that the proposed methodology halves the accuracy of CAN frame fingerprinting. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 150 (20 UL)![]() ; ; Vu, Thang Xuan ![]() in Proceeding of IEEE ICC 2022 (2022, May) Towards the next generation networks, low earth orbit (LEO) satellites have been considered as a promising component for beyond 5G networks. In this paper, we study downlink LEO-5G communication systems ... [more ▼] Towards the next generation networks, low earth orbit (LEO) satellites have been considered as a promising component for beyond 5G networks. In this paper, we study downlink LEO-5G communication systems in a practical scenario, where the integrated LEO-terrestrial system is over-loaded by serving a number of terminals with high-volume traffic requests. Our goal is to optimize resource scheduling such that the amount of undelivered data and the number of unserved terminals can be minimized. Due to the inherent hardness of the formulated quadratic integer programming problem, the optimal algorithm requires unaffordable complexity. To solve the problem, we propose a near-optimal algorithm based on alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM-HEU), which saves computational time by taking advantage of the distributed ADMM structure, and a low-complexity heuristic algorithm (LC-HEU), which is based on estimation and greedy methods. The results demonstrate the near-optimality of ADMM-HEU and the computational efficiency of LC-HEU compared to the benchmarks. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 32 (2 UL)![]() Krebs, Julian ![]() Scientific Conference (2022, May) Detailed reference viewed: 45 (2 UL)![]() ; Kisseleff, Steven ![]() ![]() in Proceedings of IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC) (2022, May) Detailed reference viewed: 34 (0 UL)![]() Cornejo Olivares, Oscar Eduardo ![]() ![]() ![]() in 2022 IEEE/ACM 44st International Conference on Software Engineering (2022, May) We present MASS, a mutation analysis tool for embedded software in cyber-physical systems (CPS). We target space CPS (e.g., satellites) and other CPS with similar characteristics (e.g., UAV). Mutation ... [more ▼] We present MASS, a mutation analysis tool for embedded software in cyber-physical systems (CPS). We target space CPS (e.g., satellites) and other CPS with similar characteristics (e.g., UAV). Mutation analysis measures the quality of test suites in terms of the percentage of detected artificial faults. There are many mutation analysis tools available, but they are inapplicable to CPS because of scalability and accuracy challenges. To overcome such limitations, MASS implements a set of optimization techniques that enable the applicability of mutation analysis and address scalability and accuracy in the CPS context. MASS has been successfully evaluated on a large study involving embedded software systems provided by industry partners; the study includes an on-board software system managing a microsatellite currently on-orbit, a set of libraries used in deployed cubesats, and a mathematical library provided by the European Space Agency. A demo video of MASS is available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gC1x9cU0-tU. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 139 (35 UL)![]() Vu, Thang Xuan ![]() ![]() in IEEE International Conference on Communications (2022, May) The next generation multibeam satellites open up a new way to design satellite communication channels with the full flexibility in bandwidth, transmit power and beam coverage management. In this paper, we ... [more ▼] The next generation multibeam satellites open up a new way to design satellite communication channels with the full flexibility in bandwidth, transmit power and beam coverage management. In this paper, we exploit the flexible multibeam satellite capabilities and the geographical distribution of users to improve the performance of satellite-assisted edge caching systems. Our aim is to jointly optimize the bandwidth allocation in multibeam and caching decisions at the edge nodes to address two important problems: i) cache feeding time minimization and ii) cache hits maximization. To tackle the non-convexity of the joint optimization problem, we transform the original problem into a difference-of-convex (DC) form, which is then solved by the proposed iterative algorithm whose convergence to at least a local optimum is theoretically guaranteed. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the proposed design is evaluated under the realistic beams coverage of the satellite SES-14 and Movielens data set. Numerical results show that our proposed joint design can reduce the caching feeding time by 50% and increase the cache hit ratio (CHR) by 10% to 20% compared to existing solutions. Furthermore, we examine the impact of multispot beams and multicarrier wide-beam on the joint design and discuss potential research directions. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 69 (48 UL)![]() ; ; et al in CLIMA 2022 conference (2022, May) Schools are learning communities where multiple stakeholders can collaborate to learn about energy efficiency, including via formal curricula, non-formal learning and day-to-day practices. Furthermore, by ... [more ▼] Schools are learning communities where multiple stakeholders can collaborate to learn about energy efficiency, including via formal curricula, non-formal learning and day-to-day practices. Furthermore, by improving energy literacy among building occupants, the energy efficiency of schools can be improved. However, turning schools into learning communities rather than learning organizations is still problematic. This article details a case study realised in the form of the ENERGE project, which integrates technological, educational and practical activities in 13 post-primary schools from 6 European countries. Owing to an extensive collaboration of diverse stakeholders, the ENERGE project resulted in the origination of a learning community around energy efficiency in the schools. The outcomes of building a learning community within the ENERGE project included: capacity building (in the form of the ENERGE Committees and Teacher Network), the introduction of digital education (via the ENERGE digital platform), development of curriculum-based modules to raise energy literacy, and the establishment of a viable model for expanding ENERGE experience to other schools. The article concludes by explaining the benefits of the ENERGE approach for stakeholders. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 47 (7 UL)![]() Ul Haq, Fitash ![]() ![]() ![]() in Proceedings of the 44th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE ’22) (2022, May) With the recent advances of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) in real-world applications, such as Automated Driving Systems (ADS) for self-driving cars, ensuring the reliability and safety of such DNN- enabled ... [more ▼] With the recent advances of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) in real-world applications, such as Automated Driving Systems (ADS) for self-driving cars, ensuring the reliability and safety of such DNN- enabled Systems emerges as a fundamental topic in software testing. One of the essential testing phases of such DNN-enabled systems is online testing, where the system under test is embedded into a specific and often simulated application environment (e.g., a driving environment) and tested in a closed-loop mode in interaction with the environment. However, despite the importance of online testing for detecting safety violations, automatically generating new and diverse test data that lead to safety violations present the following challenges: (1) there can be many safety requirements to be considered at the same time, (2) running a high-fidelity simulator is often very computationally-intensive, and (3) the space of all possible test data that may trigger safety violations is too large to be exhaustively explored. In this paper, we address the challenges by proposing a novel approach, called SAMOTA (Surrogate-Assisted Many-Objective Testing Approach), extending existing many-objective search algorithms for test suite generation to efficiently utilize surrogate models that mimic the simulator, but are much less expensive to run. Empirical evaluation results on Pylot, an advanced ADS composed of multiple DNNs, using CARLA, a high-fidelity driving simulator, show that SAMOTA is significantly more effective and efficient at detecting unknown safety requirement violations than state-of-the-art many-objective test suite generation algorithms and random search. In other words, SAMOTA appears to be a key enabler technology for online testing in practice. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 1076 (87 UL)![]() Fahmy, Hazem ![]() ![]() ![]() in 2022 IEEE/ACM 44th International Conference on Software Engineering (2022, May) We present HUDD, a tool that supports safety analysis practices for systems enabled by Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) by automatically identifying the root causes for DNN errors and retraining the DNN. HUDD ... [more ▼] We present HUDD, a tool that supports safety analysis practices for systems enabled by Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) by automatically identifying the root causes for DNN errors and retraining the DNN. HUDD stands for Heatmap-based Unsupervised Debugging of DNNs, it automatically clusters error-inducing images whose results are due to common subsets of DNN neurons. The intent is for the generated clusters to group error-inducing images having common characteristics, that is, having a common root cause. HUDD identifies root causes by applying a clustering algorithm to matrices (i.e., heatmaps) capturing the relevance of every DNN neuron on the DNN outcome. Also, HUDD retrains DNNs with images that are automatically selected based on their relatedness to the identified image clusters. Our empirical evaluation with DNNs from the automotive domain have shown that HUDD automatically identifies all the distinct root causes of DNN errors, thus supporting safety analysis. Also, our retraining approach has shown to be more effective at improving DNN accuracy than existing approaches. A demo video of HUDD is available at https://youtu.be/drjVakP7jdU. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 207 (44 UL)![]() ; ; et al Poster (2022, May) We consider in this work a cell-free (CF) massive multiple-input-multiple-output (mMIMO) system where multiple hybrid relay-reflecting intelligent surfaces (HR-RIS) are deployed to assist communication ... [more ▼] We consider in this work a cell-free (CF) massive multiple-input-multiple-output (mMIMO) system where multiple hybrid relay-reflecting intelligent surfaces (HR-RIS) are deployed to assist communication between access points and users. We first present the signal model and derive the minimum-mean-square-error estimate of the effective channels. We then present a comprehensive analysis for the considered HR-RIS-aided CF mMIMO system, where the closed-form expression of the downlink throughput is derived. The presented analytical results are also valid for conventional CF mMIMO systems, i.e., CF mMIMO systems with and without passive reconfigurable intelligent surfaces. Finally, the analytical derivations are verified by extensive numerical results. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 16 (0 UL)![]() Kozlowski, Diego ![]() Scientific Conference (2022, April 28) Detailed reference viewed: 21 (2 UL)![]() ![]() Wang, Ziming ![]() Poster (2022, April 28) Flying and ground robots complement each other in terms of their advantages and disadvantages. We propose a collaborative system combining flying and ground robots, using a universal physical coupling ... [more ▼] Flying and ground robots complement each other in terms of their advantages and disadvantages. We propose a collaborative system combining flying and ground robots, using a universal physical coupling interface (PCI) that allows for momentary connections and disconnections between multiple robots/devices. The proposed system may better utilize the complementary advantages of both flying and ground robots. We also describe various potential scenarios where such a system could be of benefit to interact with humans - namely, remote field works and rescue missions, transportation, healthcare, and education. Finally, we discuss the opportunities and challenges of such systems and consider deeper questions which should be studied in future work. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 30 (8 UL)![]() Danescu, Elena ![]() Scientific Conference (2022, April 26) The Luxembourg international financial centre developed considerably during the 1960s, propelled by several factors including concerted government policy, flexible regulation and a willingness to harness ... [more ▼] The Luxembourg international financial centre developed considerably during the 1960s, propelled by several factors including concerted government policy, flexible regulation and a willingness to harness opportunities at international level (such as the 1963 US interest equalisation tax and the Bundesbank provisions introduced in 1968 and 1974). The decision to establish various Community institutions (the ECSC High Authority in 1952) and European funding institutions (the European Investment Bank in 1968) in the country also had a decisive impact. The currency union with Belgium (BLEU, 1921) and the absence of a Luxembourg Central Bank made these developments all the more significant. Drawing on archives and oral history sources, this paper aims to illustrate the complexity and originality that characterised the development of the conceptual, political and regulatory context in Luxembourg in the 1960s-1990s, in what can be seen as a sui generis experiment and preparation for EMU. It will explore the changing financial ecosystem in Luxembourg and the collaborative efforts by its main stakeholders (banks, regulatory authorities, individuals, networks) - with a focus on KBL, LuxSE and EIB - to encourage financial and monetary innovation (via the EUA, ECU, and Eurco) before the introduction of the European single currency and to pave the way for the establishment and consolidation of the euro [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 83 (2 UL)![]() Doan, Xengie Cheng ![]() ![]() in Web Conference Companion Volume (ACM) (2022, April 26) Being asked to consent to data sharing is a ubiquitous experience in digital services - yet it is very rare to encounter a well designed consent experience. Considering the momentum and importance of a ... [more ▼] Being asked to consent to data sharing is a ubiquitous experience in digital services - yet it is very rare to encounter a well designed consent experience. Considering the momentum and importance of a European data space where personal information freely and easily flows across organizations, sectors and Member States, solving the long-discussed thorny issue of "how to get consent right" cannot be postponed any further. In this paper, we describe the first findings from a study based on 24 semi-structured interviews investigating participants’ expectations and opinions toward consent in a data sharing scenario with a data trustee. We analyzed various dimensions of a consent form redesigned as a comic and an infographic, including language, information design, content and the writer-reader relationship. The results provide insights into the complexity of elements that should be considered when asking individuals to freely and mindfully disclose their data, especially sensitive information. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 155 (41 UL)![]() Kumar Singh, Uday ![]() Scientific Conference (2022, April 23) For the estimation of targets’ states (location, velocity, and acceleration) from nonlinear radar measurements, usually, the improved version of well known Kalman filter: extended Kalman filter (EKF) and ... [more ▼] For the estimation of targets’ states (location, velocity, and acceleration) from nonlinear radar measurements, usually, the improved version of well known Kalman filter: extended Kalman filter (EKF) and unscented Kalman filter (UKF) are used. However, EKF and UKF approximates the nonlinear measurement function either by Jacobian or using sigma points. Consequently, because of the approximation of the measurement function, the EKF and UKF cannot achieve high estimation accuracy. The potential solution is to replace the approximation of nonlinear measurement function with its estimate, obtained in high dimensional reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS). An ample amount of research has been done in this direction, and the combined filter is termed RKHS based Kalman filter. However, there is a shortage of literature dealing with estimating the dynamic state of the target in an indoor environment using RKHS based Kalman filter. Therefore, in this paper, we propose the use of RKHS based Kalman filter for indoor application. Specifically, we validate the suitability of the RKHS based Kalman filtering approach using simulations performed over three different target motion models. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 60 (6 UL)![]() ![]() Ceron, Francisco ![]() ![]() Scientific Conference (2022, April 22) The article examines how the labour market value of education has changed in the context of the expansion of higher education. However, one drawback is understanding how it generates differences between ... [more ▼] The article examines how the labour market value of education has changed in the context of the expansion of higher education. However, one drawback is understanding how it generates differences between high and low-skilled labour markets, particularly in contexts of high inequality and informality. This could be linked to specific mechanisms by which employers value educational credentials as signalled skills. Using the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), we analyse trends over two decades in 11 American countries. Our results confirm the previous results for the claim that education has become increasingly positional, compared with the absolute model of education. However, we find that the relative gains in wages for workers with higher levels of education, as the pool of higher education graduates expand over time, increased only slightly in high-skilled occupations, while their relative gains decreased for lower-skilled occupations. This trend is present in both absolute and positional models of education. Moreover, when looking at the structure of labour markets in terms of the linkage between educational credentials and occupational groups, we higher the tertiary education specificity of occupations, the higher the earnings for workers with advantaged positions. These findings are consistent with processes of displacement of low-skilled workers due to increasing competition among highly educated workers, from the positional model of education. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 75 (4 UL)![]() Just, Marvin ![]() ![]() ![]() Poster (2022, April 21) Detailed reference viewed: 36 (0 UL)![]() ![]() ; ; Fischbach, Antoine ![]() Scientific Conference (2022, April 21) Academic achievement profiles affect students’ further development, i.e., by informing educational and professional choices. However, there is a lack of knowledge on the mechanisms behind the development ... [more ▼] Academic achievement profiles affect students’ further development, i.e., by informing educational and professional choices. However, there is a lack of knowledge on the mechanisms behind the development of academic profiles. For research on cognitive ability profiles, specifically differentiation processes, statistical tools have been developed. In the present article, we transfer these methods for differentiation research to academic achievement data. We examine differentiation depending on students’ general level of achievement and grade level in a large Luxembourgish student sample. Students’ achievements in German, French, and Math were assessed within the Luxembourg school monitoring program. We found more balanced academic profiles with increasing achievement level. We further found more balanced profiles with increasing grade level and a positive interaction effect. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 86 (0 UL)![]() Erpelding, Michel ![]() in Marchadier, Fabien (Ed.) La prohibition de l'esclavage (2022, April 20) This chapter examines the emergence, definition and evolution of the concepts of slavery, forced labour and servitude in international law. Detailed reference viewed: 86 (8 UL)![]() Schiltz, Jang ![]() ![]() Scientific Conference (2022, April 20) Detailed reference viewed: 34 (3 UL)![]() Phirke, Himanshu ![]() ![]() ![]() in Phirke, Himanshu; Singh, Ajay; Hieulle, Jeremy (Eds.) et al Inhomogeneities in lead halide perovskite absorbers revealed by quantitative Photoluminescence Imaging (2022, April 20) Detailed reference viewed: 73 (6 UL)![]() Helbecque, Guillaume André Marcel ![]() ![]() in PMAM '22: Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Workshop on Programming Models and Applications for Multicores and Manycores (2022, April 18) The increase in complexity, diversity and scale of high performance computing environments, as well as the increasing sophistication of parallel applications and algorithms call for productivity-aware ... [more ▼] The increase in complexity, diversity and scale of high performance computing environments, as well as the increasing sophistication of parallel applications and algorithms call for productivity-aware programming languages for high-performance computing. Among them, the Chapel programming language stands out as one of the more successful approaches based on the Partitioned Global Address Space programming model. Although Chapel is designed for productive parallel computing at scale, the question of its competitiveness with well-established conventional parallel programming environments arises. To this end, this work compares the performance of Chapel-based fractal generation on shared- and distributed-memory platforms with corresponding OpenMP and MPI+X implementations. The parallel computation of the Mandelbrot set is chosen as a test-case for its high degree of parallelism and its irregular workload. Experiments are performed on a cluster composed of 192 cores using the French national testbed Grid'5000. Chapel as well as its default tasking layer demonstrate high performance in shared-memory context, while Chapel competes with hybrid MPI+OpenMP in distributed-memory environment. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 34 (1 UL)![]() Aleksic, Gabrijela ![]() Scientific Conference (2022, April 18) Today’s education is impacted by the fast changes that can be very challenging for teachers, parents, and students. The need of pedagogies that will support them to navigate through these changes and ... [more ▼] Today’s education is impacted by the fast changes that can be very challenging for teachers, parents, and students. The need of pedagogies that will support them to navigate through these changes and challenges, becomes evident, especially in highly linguistically and culturally diverse countries such as the small trilingual Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg. One of such pedagogies is translanguaging pedagogy. While translanguaging refers to the natural use of entire linguistic repertoire of bi/multilingual people, translanguaging pedagogy helps teachers to use bi/multilingual students’ unique linguistic repertoires to foster learning, comprehension, and academic achievement (Otheguy, García, & Reid, 2015). In Luxembourg, there are 64 % of four-year old children who not speak Luxembourgish at home (MENJE, 2018). Therefore, in 2017, multilingual early education has become mandatory obliging teachers to help students to develop Luxembourgish, familiarize them with French, and value their home languages. Thus, in order to support teachers’ work, there were three objectives of the present project : (1) to administer an 18-hours professional development (PD) course in translanguaging pedagogy to 40 preschool teachers, (2) to actively include students’ families in order to straighten home-school collaboration, and (3) to support children’s linguistic, socio-emotional, and cognitive development and engagement in the classroom. The PD course was divided into seven sessions on multilingual ecology, home-school collaboration, multilingual brain, and multilingual oracy and literacy, over 6 months. To evaluate the success of these aims, before and after the course, we employed teacher questionnaires, focus groups, and interviews with the teachers, parent questionnaires and interviews with the parents, and early literacy and numeracy tests in the school and home languages as well as video observations of classroom interactions with the students. Regarding the teachers, the results from the teacher questionnaire before and after the course, showed that there was a significant positive change in attitudes towards children’s multilingualism and their home languages. However, in the focus groups and the interviews, we identified that most of the teachers were open to the use children’s home languages only to develop the school language, Luxembourgish. In the analysis of the video observations of teacher/child interactions, we observed that when the home language of children was used, this immediately contributed to their well-being. However, we also observed that in some classrooms the use of children’s home languages was artificial; the teachers insisted on naming home languages instead of giving the children the opportunity to use the school language and be proud of it. Regarding the parents, the analysis of 65 questionnaires on children’s home literacy environment and the interviews showed that parental involvement is crucial for children’s linguistic and socio-emotional development. The interviewed parents shared that they would like to be more involved in the home-school collaboration but they did not know how. Although they were open for more collaboration, most of the parents thought that this should be initiated from the teachers. Finally, regarding the children, we observed the linguistic and socio-emotional development of 23 children (age 4) over one year. The children were tested in early literacy and numeracy, three times over the course of one year. When plotting the results, we identified that all children performed better in their home languages than in the school language and that there was a progress in both home and school language over one year. Furthermore, the video observations showed that when translanguaging pedagogy was used and children’s home languages were valued, children were more responsive and eager to learn and interact with others. Following these results and in order to connect teachers, parents, and children, I developed a website for teachers with the summary of important theories in multilingualism supported by many practical activities in the domain of multilingual classroom, home-school collaboration, and multilingual oracy and literacy. The website is in English, French, and German, and teachers can find a solid support for their work. Furthermore, I wrote two illustrated books for parents and children. In the illustrated book for parents the main character is a woman called Sumak who moved from another country as a refugee and is forced to learn a new language in a society she does not fit in. A storytelling workshop will allow teachers and parents to share their experience and connect on a deeper level. In the book for children, the main character is a girl called Mara who moved to a new country and does not understand the school language. She is sad and angry and tries to find solutions, for example, in music. The book contains a CD with in which the character Mara sings the song in Mara’s language, allowing teachers and children to hear that it is ok to speak in a language they do not understand. The illustrated books exist in English, French, Serbian, Portuguese, and German. These creations are an act of creative activism, which are “transformative interventions in order to change society for the better by communicating conflicts and/or solutions where no one else can or will in order to provoke reflection (and consequent behavioral changes)” (Harrebye, 2016, p. 25). Finally, this is an act of going beyond the horizons and the project results, and reimagining everything, especially playing with new ideas and applying those through specific creative acts that bring teachers, parents, and children together. The Conference will allow me to showcase these creative interventions, discuss their impact on the schools, and offer them to international researchers who work in education and beyond. References Ministry of National Education, Childhood and Youth [MENJE]. (2018). Les chiffres clés de l'Éducation nationale: statistiques et indicateurs - Année scolaire 2016-2017 [Key numbers of the national education: statistics and indicators – School year 2016-2017]. Retrieved from http://www.men.public.lu/fr/actualites/publications/themes-transversaux/statistiques-analyses/chiffres-cles/index.html Harrebye S.F. (2016) Creative activism today. In: Social change and creative activism in the 21st century. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Otheguy, R., García, O., & Reid, W. (2015). Clarifying translanguaging and deconstructing named langauges: A perspective from linguistics. Applied Linguistic Review, 6(3), 281–307. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 56 (1 UL)![]() Garcia Santa Cruz, Beatriz ![]() ![]() ![]() in Vol. 3 (2022): Proceedings of the Northern Lights Deep Learning Workshop 2022 (2022, April 18) The use of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) in medical imaging has often outperformed previous solutions and even specialists, becoming a promising technology for Computer-aided-Diagnosis (CAD) systems ... [more ▼] The use of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) in medical imaging has often outperformed previous solutions and even specialists, becoming a promising technology for Computer-aided-Diagnosis (CAD) systems. However, recent works suggested that CNN may have poor generalisation on new data, for instance, generated in different hospitals. Uncontrolled confounders have been proposed as a common reason. In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate the impact of confounding data in unknown scenarios. We assessed the effect of four confounding configurations: total, strong, light and balanced. We found the confounding effect is especially prominent in total confounder scenarios, while the effect on light and strong confounding scenarios may depend on the dataset robustness. Our findings indicate that the confounding effect is independent of the architecture employed. These findings might explain why models can report good metrics during the development stage but fail to translate to real-world settings. We highlight the need for thorough consideration of these commonly unattended aspects, to develop safer CNN-based CAD systems. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 149 (18 UL)![]() Schmitz, Sandra ![]() Scientific Conference (2022, April 13) Detailed reference viewed: 31 (2 UL)![]() ; ; Mangers, Jeff ![]() in SSRN (2022, April 11) Since the mitigation of climate change is one of the biggest challenges to face on a global scale, the topic has become more relevant also in industrial context. Learning factories have proven to be ... [more ▼] Since the mitigation of climate change is one of the biggest challenges to face on a global scale, the topic has become more relevant also in industrial context. Learning factories have proven to be suitable environments to address and convey competencies to tackle industrial challenges in an interactive way. Hence, several learning factories are already dealing with sustainability topics in various use cases. This paper strives to present a state of the art of sustainability and circular economy in learning factories. Therefore, a classification framework is developed based on the state of the art of several learning factories and existing literature regarding the topic. This framework is then used to systematically describe the different activities regarding sustainability and circular economy that are currently ongoing in learning factories worldwide. This can be used to get an idea about the different aspects of the topic and how to address them, but furthermore also offers assistance to identify “blind spots” which could and should be addressed in learning factories in the future. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 66 (6 UL)![]() Maity, Ilora ![]() ![]() ![]() in IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC) (2022, April 10) In this paper, we address the virtual network embedding (VNE) problem in non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) enabling dynamic changes in the virtual network function (VNF) deployment to maximize the service ... [more ▼] In this paper, we address the virtual network embedding (VNE) problem in non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) enabling dynamic changes in the virtual network function (VNF) deployment to maximize the service acceptance rate and service revenue. NTNs such as satellite networks involve highly dynamic topology and limited resources in terms of rate and power. VNE in NTNs is a challenge because a static strategy under-performs when new service requests arrive or the network topology changes unexpectedly due to failures or other events. Existing solutions do not consider the power constraint of satellites and rate limitation of inter-satellite links (ISLs) which are essential parameters for dynamic adjustment of existing VNE strategy in NTNs. In this work, we propose a dynamic VNE algorithm that selects a suitable VNE strategy for new and existing services considering the time-varying network topology. The proposed scheme, D-ViNE, increases the service acceptance ratio by 8.51% compared to the benchmark scheme TS-MAPSCH. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 103 (25 UL)![]() Martinez Marrero, Liz ![]() ![]() ![]() Scientific Conference (2022, April 10) This article presents a closed-loop differential phase compensation system for a precoding-enabled multibeam satellite forward link and its validation by live experiments on a GEO satellite scenario. The ... [more ▼] This article presents a closed-loop differential phase compensation system for a precoding-enabled multibeam satellite forward link and its validation by live experiments on a GEO satellite scenario. The precoding operation avoids inter-beam interference and maximizes the spectrum efficiency by full frequency reuse as an alternative to the traditional two-color or four-color reuse methods proposed in the DVB-S2 standard. However, the satellite payload introduces differential phase and frequency impairments, which can degrade the precoding performance. This work describes the implementation of the differential phase and frequency tracking and compensation loop in an end-to-end testbed over a multibeam satellite system with independent local oscillators. The developed system performs end-to-end real-time communication over the satellite link, including channel measurements and precompensation. Results are validated by an over-the-air demonstration using two beams of the SES-14 multibeam satellite. Each beam is transmitted by independent transponders, which results in differential frequency and phase offsets due to the transponder undisciplined local oscillators. This phase offset makes it impossible to use precoding without the phase compensation loop. We prove that the implemented system can successfully track and compensate the differential phase and frequency to improve precoding performance. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 45 (7 UL)![]() Zivuku, Progress ![]() ![]() ![]() in Proceedings of IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC) (2022, April 10) Detailed reference viewed: 84 (28 UL)![]() Sagrillo, Damien François ![]() Scientific Conference (2022, April 09) Detailed reference viewed: 22 (2 UL)![]() Garcia Olmedo, Javier ![]() Scientific Conference (2022, April 08) This workshop takes a holistic approach to examine the role and future of nationality in a globalised world, taking citizenship by investment (CBI) schemes as a point of departure. It explores the ... [more ▼] This workshop takes a holistic approach to examine the role and future of nationality in a globalised world, taking citizenship by investment (CBI) schemes as a point of departure. It explores the implications and impacts of CBI schemes, followed by a discussion on the instrumental turn of nationality in different areas, including EU law, private international law, human rights law, immigration law, diplomatic protection and international investment law. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 49 (2 UL)![]() Kumar, Atal Anil ![]() ![]() in SSRN (2022, April 06) Detailed reference viewed: 57 (2 UL)![]() Garcia Santa Cruz, Beatriz ![]() ![]() in Bildverarbeitung für die Medizin 2022. Informatik aktuell. Springer Vieweg, Wiesbaden. (2022, April 05) Detailed reference viewed: 42 (3 UL)![]() Noel, Cédric ![]() ![]() Scientific Conference (2022, April 04) Detailed reference viewed: 28 (0 UL)![]() Pauly, Laure ![]() ![]() ![]() Poster (2022, April) Background: High vaccination coverage rates are necessary to reduce infections and transmissions of the SARS-CoV-2 virus causing COVID-19 and to allow successful mitigation of the current pandemic. To ... [more ▼] Background: High vaccination coverage rates are necessary to reduce infections and transmissions of the SARS-CoV-2 virus causing COVID-19 and to allow successful mitigation of the current pandemic. To date, we are still lacking information to explain the hesitancy in Luxembourg towards uptake of the available COVID-19 vaccines. The present study explored motivations for and against vaccination in a population-representative sample of residents across Luxembourg to identify hesitant groups and develop strategies to increase population immunity against SARS-CoV-2. Methods: In the framework of the nationwide, representative longitudinal CON-VINCE study, a sample of 1589 respondents (49.6% women, 84.3% Luxembourg nationality) ranging from 18-84 years, participated in the survey in spring 2021. The protocol of the CON-VINCE study has been described in detail elsewhere (Snoeck et al. 2020). Results: 52% of the respondents had at least partial vaccination at time of assessment between April to June 2021. The most common reasons for vaccination of those willing to be vaccinated (81.2%) were altruistic motivations. Prevalent reasons against vaccination for those undecided (8.7%) or reluctant (10.2%) to be vaccinated were that the vaccine had not been tested sufficiently and the fear of long-term vaccine side effects. Only very few of the vaccination-hesitant or -reluctant respondents reported that they did not believe in vaccination in general. Conclusion: The present study identified motivations for and against COVID-19 vaccination and determined demographic and socio-economic factors associated with vaccination willingness. To increase vaccination rates, public health communication needs to target those unsure or unwilling to be vaccinated. We will continue to study the vaccination uptake in the Luxembourg population, as CON-VINCE is now part of the H2020-funded international ORCHESTRA project (https://orchestra-cohort.eu), research into comparing these results on a Pan-European level. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 110 (16 UL)![]() Drouet, Luce ![]() ![]() ![]() in Proceedings of the Extended Abstracts of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (2022, April) Empathy towards users is crucial to the design of user-centered technologies and services. Previous research focused on defining empathy and its role in the design process for triggering empathy for end ... [more ▼] Empathy towards users is crucial to the design of user-centered technologies and services. Previous research focused on defining empathy and its role in the design process for triggering empathy for end-users. However, there is a lack of empathy measurement instruments in design. Most previous work focused on designers, overlooking the need for other stakeholders to develop empathy towards the users to break organizational silos and deliver high-quality user-centered services and products. In this contribution, we share the preliminary stages of the development of an empathy scale for service design. We build on empathy literature from psychology and design to define 18 items representing four empathy dimensions. We report on the definition of these dimensions and their underlying items, and present preliminary studies in which we reviewed the first version of the scale with experts and stakeholders. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 119 (10 UL)![]() Lallemand, Carine ![]() ![]() in Proceedings of the Extended Abstracts of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (2022, April) Customer Journey Mapping is a widespread service design tool that synthesizes and communicates user research insights to stakeholders. In its common form, a journey map is a synthetic (typically non ... [more ▼] Customer Journey Mapping is a widespread service design tool that synthesizes and communicates user research insights to stakeholders. In its common form, a journey map is a synthetic (typically non-interactive) visualization of the key steps of the users’ experience with a service or product. By decomposing the elements of a journey map and staging them under the form of a physical and interactive installation, we intend to leverage the power of journey mapping to break silos and prompt employees within an organization to discover end-users journeys in a compelling and empathic way. This aims to support the user-centered maturity of the organization by developing employees’ curiosity and empathy towards users. We illustrate this approach through a case study on railway passengers’ experiences. We explore the value of richer transfers of user research insights through physical journey maps and discuss design processes and mediums enabling journey maps to come to life. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 82 (8 UL)![]() ; ; Lallemand, Carine ![]() in Proceedings of the Extended Abstracts of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (2022, April) Office work presents health and wellbeing challenges, triggered by working habits or environmental factors. While technological interventions gain popularity in the workplace, they often fall short of ... [more ▼] Office work presents health and wellbeing challenges, triggered by working habits or environmental factors. While technological interventions gain popularity in the workplace, they often fall short of acknowledging personal needs. Building on approaches from personal informatics, we present our vision on the use of user-driven, situated sensor probes in an office context and how the community might deal with complex yet timely questions around the use of data to empower people in becoming explorers of their own habits and experiences. We demonstrate Habilyzer, an open-ended sensor toolkit for office workers, which enables user-driven explorations in self-tracking their work routines. This research contributes an alternative approach to improving working habits and vitality in the workplace, moving from solution-oriented technologies to inquiry-enabling tools. Through this demonstration, we also aim to trigger discussions on the use of sensors and data in the office context, in the light of privacy, consent and data ownership. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 30 (0 UL)![]() Dakhili, Khatereh ![]() ![]() in VDI-Berichte 2379, 7. VDI-Fachtagung Baudynamik 27. und 28. April 2022, Würzburg (2022, April) An increasing number of bridges are approaching the end of their service life due to corrosion and fatigue. Damages can be detected by performing regular measurements of characteristic values and ... [more ▼] An increasing number of bridges are approaching the end of their service life due to corrosion and fatigue. Damages can be detected by performing regular measurements of characteristic values and comparing them with reference state data when there is no damage in the bridge. Unfortunately, environmental factors such as temperature variations have a considerable impact on the measurements and structural properties, such as stiffness. Since these environmental effects can be in the same order as damage, it is important to quantify them and reduce their effect before damage assessment. This paper aims to establish a correct reference model by investigating the parameters that affect structural responses. Doing so enables discrimination between structural property changes caused by damage and parameters such as temperature variations, load uncertainties, and various bearings. In this regard, several static and dynamic experiments are performed on a full scale undamaged prestressed concrete beam from a demolished bridge, and the results are reported. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 116 (17 UL)![]() ; ; et al in Proceedings of the CHI 2022 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (2022, April) EduCHI 2022 will bring together an international community of scholars, practitioners, and researchers to shape the future of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) education. Held as part of the CHI 2022 ... [more ▼] EduCHI 2022 will bring together an international community of scholars, practitioners, and researchers to shape the future of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) education. Held as part of the CHI 2022 conference, the two-day symposium will feature in- teractive discussions about trends, curricula, pedagogies, teaching practices, and current and future challenges facing HCI educators. In addition to providing a platform to share curriculum plans and teaching materials, EduCHI 2022 will also provide opportunities for HCI educators to learn new instructional strategies and deepen their pedagogical knowledge. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 190 (6 UL)![]() Lallemand, Carine ![]() in Proceedings of the Extended Abstracts of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (2022, April) Constructive data physicalization (i.e. the creation of visualizations by non-experts using physical elements) is a promising research area in a context of rapid democratization of data collection and ... [more ▼] Constructive data physicalization (i.e. the creation of visualizations by non-experts using physical elements) is a promising research area in a context of rapid democratization of data collection and visualization, driven notably by the quantified-self movement. Despite a prolific body of work developed to explore physicalization as a mean to communicate data to individuals, little is known about how people transform data into physical artefacts. Current research also falls short in studying constructive physicalizations using other sensory modalities than sight or touch. Building on the principles of data edibilization, we propose to use candies as a medium to study constructive data physicalization processes, due to their ability to leverage multiple sensory channels. We conducted a preliminary study (candy workshop) to gain insights into how people make use of various sensory modalities in the construction of data physicalizations. We hope to inspire new research using candies as accessible research material. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 77 (6 UL)![]() ; ; et al in Proceedings of the Extended Abstracts of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (2022, April) Promoting healthy and active lifestyles is an important objective for many governing agencies. The design of active urban environments can be an effective tool to encourage more active behaviors and water ... [more ▼] Promoting healthy and active lifestyles is an important objective for many governing agencies. The design of active urban environments can be an effective tool to encourage more active behaviors and water features can attract people, improving their experience of the urban space. To explore the potential of these concepts, we designed Fontana; an interactive public installation that aims to stimulate physical activity and social connectedness in the urban outdoor space, using the multidimensional attractiveness of water. We focus on the use of embedded interactive technology to promote physical activity, using water as a linking element between users. Adopting a research-through-design approach, we explored how such installations can nudge people into an active behavior while additionally strengthening social connectedness, using inclusive design principles. We report on insights gathered through this case study and findings of a preliminary user test, discussing the implications of this work for design researchers and practitioners. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 39 (0 UL)![]() Lallemand, Carine ![]() Scientific Conference (2022, April) This contribution presents two hands-on teaching activities introducing the use of sensor data to design students. We designed two sequential workshops to educate on why and how to use data as a creative ... [more ▼] This contribution presents two hands-on teaching activities introducing the use of sensor data to design students. We designed two sequential workshops to educate on why and how to use data as a creative material in the design process and provide students with the technical means to quickly prototype connected data-collecting probes. Workshop 1 (Human Sensors) consists of a role-play exercise where teams of students simulate the collection of data in-situ by acting out various sensor types. In workshop 2 (Coffee Cup Challenge), students build their own data-collection artefacts using sensors. Modular, both activities can be adapted to any similar course that uses sensor technologies and data to conduct user research and extract insights to be used in the design process. We describe the activities in detail, provide generalizable materials, and reflect on their use, supported by student reflections and insights from our teaching practice. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 40 (2 UL)![]() ; ; Lallemand, Carine ![]() in Proceedings of the Extended Abstracts of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (2022, April) Office work presents health and wellbeing challenges, triggered by unhealthy working habits or environmental factors. While technologies for vitality in the office context gain popularity, they are often ... [more ▼] Office work presents health and wellbeing challenges, triggered by unhealthy working habits or environmental factors. While technologies for vitality in the office context gain popularity, they are often solution-focused and fall short in acknowledging personal needs. Building on approaches from personal informatics, we see value in opening up the design space of tracking and sensing technologies for office workers. We designed and deployed an open-ended sensor kit and conducted two complementary studies to investigate the value of empowering office workers to investigate their own working habits. Findings show that Habilyzer triggers curiosity about working habits, and wireless sensors contribute to inquire into those habits, possibly supported by additional tools. We contribute new insights into how an open-ended sensor kit can be designed to support self-tracking practices and underlying reflections in the underexplored context of office work. It is an alternative approach to workplace vitality, moving from solution-oriented technologies to inquiry-enabling tools. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 48 (2 UL)![]() Lallemand, Carine ![]() in Proceeding of the CHI 2022 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (2022, April) Sentence completion, originally a semi-projective psychological technique, has been used as an effective and lightweight user research method in user experience (UX) design. More information is yet still ... [more ▼] Sentence completion, originally a semi-projective psychological technique, has been used as an effective and lightweight user research method in user experience (UX) design. More information is yet still needed to understand how different sentence stems probe users’ insights, thereby providing recommendations for effective sentence completion surveys. We used the completion method on a large-scale sample to explore (e-)readers’ experiences and needs. Depending on their reading habits, participants (N=1880) were asked to complete a set of sentences, as part of a web survey. With 14143 user ideas collected in two weeks, our results confirm that remote online sentence completion is a cost-effective data collection method able to uncover feelings, attitudes, motivations, needs, or frustrations. Variation in sentence stems affected collected data in terms of item response rate, idea quantity as well as variety and originality. Building on previous research, this paper delivers actionable insights to optimize the richness of sentence completion outputs. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 55 (2 UL)![]() Schmitz, Sandra ![]() in Friedewald, Michael; Krenn, Stephan; Schiffner, Stefan (Eds.) et al Privacy and Identity Management. Between Data Protection and Security (2022, March 31) Detailed reference viewed: 45 (2 UL)![]() ; Latz, Sebastian ![]() ![]() in Bauphysiktage Kaiserslautern (2022, March 29), 5 Um eine Innendämmung, welche an Bestandsgebäuden oftmals aufgrund baurechtlicher Einschränkungen die einzige Möglichkeit zur thermischen Ertüchtigung der Fassade darstellt, entsprechend planen und ... [more ▼] Um eine Innendämmung, welche an Bestandsgebäuden oftmals aufgrund baurechtlicher Einschränkungen die einzige Möglichkeit zur thermischen Ertüchtigung der Fassade darstellt, entsprechend planen und nachweisen zu können, sollten die bauphysikalischen Randbedingungen der Außenfassade sowie des darunterliegenden Bruchsteinmauerwerks messtechnisch erfasst und entsprechend gedeutet werden. Mit Hilfe korrekt abgeschätzter Ein-gangsparameter für notwendige, hygrothermische Berechnungen lassen sich spätere Bauschäden, welche die Folge eines fehlerhaften Sanierungskonzepts wären, weitestgehend ausschließen. Diese Studie befasst sich mit typischen Baustoffen für die „Südeifel“ (Sandstein, Schiefer und Kalkstein). An drei realen Wohngebäuden wurden entsprechende Messungen durchgeführt und deren Einfluss auf die Planung einer Innendämmmaßnahme untersucht. Die Ergebnisse wurden zusammengeführt und dienen als Grundlage für möglichst realitätsnahe, dynamische Simulationen. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 67 (2 UL)![]() Brüll, Christoph ![]() Scientific Conference (2022, March 24) What is Cross-Border Cooperation? How to write the History of Cross-Border Cooperation? The contribution explores the historiography in the field and presents two case studies (Euregio Meuse-Rhine and ... [more ▼] What is Cross-Border Cooperation? How to write the History of Cross-Border Cooperation? The contribution explores the historiography in the field and presents two case studies (Euregio Meuse-Rhine and Europäische Vereinigung Eifel-Ardennen). It focusses on the sources that could be used for such a history and on difficulties regarding archival research. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 39 (1 UL)![]() Garcia Olmedo, Javier ![]() Scientific Conference (2022, March 21) Detailed reference viewed: 53 (4 UL)![]() Lejot, Eve ![]() Scientific Conference (2022, March 17) Les enseignants corrigent et donnent des conseils d’amélioration à leurs apprenants, mais les commentaires des enseignants sont parfois mal compris (Cole, Coats, Lentell 1986 ; Smith 1997), alors que la ... [more ▼] Les enseignants corrigent et donnent des conseils d’amélioration à leurs apprenants, mais les commentaires des enseignants sont parfois mal compris (Cole, Coats, Lentell 1986 ; Smith 1997), alors que la relecture entre pairs apporte un échange avec moins de pression (Lejot 2017). Cet échange se fait à un niveau de hiérarchie égal et facilite la négociation de sens des éléments du texte. Néanmoins, certains élèves pointent le manque de qualification des pairs pour remplacer les commentaires des professeurs dans l’enseignement supérieur (Rollinson 2005). Cette démarche trouve toute sa force pour les doctorants. Mis en place sur un semestre, ce système fermé de relecture et de commentaires reçus en boucle est bénéfique et motivant pour ces derniers. Dans les ateliers interdisciplinaires sur les compétences transversales et en l'occurrence celle de l'écrit académique, les doctorants soulignent l’énergie, la réflexion commune et le soutien que leur a apporté la relecture de texte d'un pair et d'être eux-mêmes relus (Lejot 2017). Relire est formateur et être compris par des chercheurs pairs fait faire un grand pas en termes de cohérence d'écriture et d'argumentation bien articulée à ces groupes des écoles doctorales. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 65 (2 UL)![]() ![]() Andersen, Katja Natalie ![]() Scientific Conference (2022, March 11) Ein zukunftsfähiger Sachunterricht nimmt auf lebensweltliche Erfahrungen, (Fach)Sprache und aktuelle Entwicklungen zu Migration und Mehrsprachigkeit Bezug (Kahlert 2016). Dazu bedarf es einer ... [more ▼] Ein zukunftsfähiger Sachunterricht nimmt auf lebensweltliche Erfahrungen, (Fach)Sprache und aktuelle Entwicklungen zu Migration und Mehrsprachigkeit Bezug (Kahlert 2016). Dazu bedarf es einer partizipativen Zusammenführung aller Wissens- und Erfahrungsbereiche im Klassenraum (vgl. Stoltenberg 2004). Das Symposium diskutiert Zukunftsperspektiven für die Entwicklung und Umsetzung von Aufgabenstellungen im Sachunterricht, dargestellt anhand des Themenkomplexes „Schwimmen und Sinken“. Aus unterschiedlichen Blickwinkeln wird der Frage nachgegangen, wie zukünftig Aufgaben gestaltet sein müssen, um eine sprachlich heterogener werdende Schülerschaft in der aktiven Auseinandersetzung mit der Sache zu unterstützen. Ausgehend von einer Klärung der fach-sprachlichen Begrifflichkeiten und der fachlichen Anschlussfähigkeit von Phänomenen und Konzepten zum Thema werden Ergebnisse erster explorativer Untersuchungen entsprechender Aufgaben vorgestellt und aus fachlicher und sprachlicher Sicht diskutiert. Auf der Planungsebene wird die Text-Bild-Kommunikation in Schulbuchaufgaben als Ausgangspunkt gewählt, um den Prozess der didaktischen Rekonstruktion von Aufgaben zu erörtern. Auf der Umsetzungsebene wird sich mit dem Problem mangelnder fachinhaltlicher und -methodischer Kompetenzen der Lehrkräfte auseinandergesetzt, um Forderungen für die Qualifizierung zu formulieren – auch im Hinblick auf die wachsende Mehrsprachigkeit der Schüler*innen. Ziel des Symposiums ist es, zukünftige Entwicklungsfelder mit Blick auf Aufgaben und Lehrer*innenbildung – am Beispiel des Themas „Schwimmen und Sinken“ – aufzuzeigen und vor dem Hintergrund aktueller Entwicklungen zu diskutieren. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 27 (0 UL)![]() ![]() van Duin, Claire ![]() ![]() ![]() Scientific Conference (2022, March 10) Neben der Familie ist die Schule für Kinder und Jugendliche ein wichtiges Umfeld. Hier verbringen sie einen großen Teil des Tages, hier treffen sie ihre Freunde, und ihre schulischen Leistungen bestimmen ... [more ▼] Neben der Familie ist die Schule für Kinder und Jugendliche ein wichtiges Umfeld. Hier verbringen sie einen großen Teil des Tages, hier treffen sie ihre Freunde, und ihre schulischen Leistungen bestimmen wesentlich mit, welchen beruflichen Weg sie später einschlagen können. Dementsprechend hat die Schule als sozialer Kontext einen großen Einfluss auch auf das Wohlbefinden und gesundheitliche Befindlichkeiten der Schüler. Positive schulische Erfahrungen können eine Ressource für Wohlbefinden sein, negative Erfahrungen können die psychische und physische Gesundheit beeinträchtigen. Da es sich bei HBSC um eine Befragung handelt, die in der Schule durchgeführt wird und da die Schule ein wichtiges soziales Umfeld ist, werden auch mehrere Fragen zur Schule gestellt. Im Vortrag werden zunächst aktuelle Ergebnisse aus Luxemburg zum schulischen Kontext präsentiert und international eingeordnet. So wird schon seit mehreren Befragungen erhoben, ob die Schüler die Schule mögen, ob sie sich durch die Schularbeit gestresst fühlen und wie sie die Beziehungen zu ihren Klassenkameraden und den Lehrern bewerten und ob sie viel auf der Ebene der Klasse und der Schule mitbestimmen können. In einem zweiten Schritt wird mit Hilfe einer Clusteranalyse untersucht, ob es typische Konstellationen gibt, d. h. Gruppen von Schülern, die sich in ihren Schulerfahrungen möglichst stark ähneln. Aus der HBSC-Studie ist bekannt, dass es zahlreiche Zusammenhänge zwischen diesen Erfahrungen gibt. Wenn solche kohärenten Gruppen identifiziert werden können, dann kann eine darauf basierende Typologie helfen, die komplexen Zusammenhänge zwischen zahlreichen Variablen in komprimierter Form darzustellen. Im konkreten Fall wurden 4 schulbezogene Einstellungen und Bewertungen dazu genutzt, um solche Gruppen zu identifizieren. Diese Gruppen/Cluster werden zunächst anhand der Variablen beschrieben, die zur Gruppenbildung genutzt wurden. Die Analyse zeigt, dass es bezüglich der Schulerfahrungen fünf in sich homogene Cluster gibt. Cluster 1, in dem sich der größte Anteil der Schüler (28.8%) befindet, ist durch allgemein positive Schulerfahrungen gekennzeichnet. Die Schüler in dieser Gruppe mögen die Schule, sie berichten von einem guten Klassenklima und sie geben an, kaum durch die Schularbeit gestresst zu sein. Darüber hinaus berichten diese Schüler über ein gutes Verhältnis zu ihren Lehrern. Cluster 2 ist durch Schüler gekennzeichnet, deren Schulerfahrungen überwiegend positiv sind (sie mögen die Schule und sie haben ein gutes Verhältnis zu den Mitschülern und Lehrern), die sich aber durch die Schularbeit gestresst fühlen, was sich negativ auf ihr allgemeines Wohlbefinden auswirkt. Cluster 3 zeichnet sich durch Schüler aus, die über ein geringes Maß an Stress berichten und insgesamt durchschnittliche Werte für die schulbezogenen Variablen wie Beziehungen zu ihrem Lehrer und das Klassenklima aufweisen. In Cluster 4 befinden sich die Schüler, die viel Schulstress erfahren, relativ schlechte Beziehungen zu ihren Lehrern haben und die Schule im Allgemeinen nicht mögen. Allerdings berichten diese Schüler von einem guten Klassenklima. Dieses Cluster umfasst 14.7% der Schüler und ist damit das kleinste Cluster. Cluster 5 besteht aus Schülern mit durchweg negativen Schulerfahrungen und ist damit das Gegenteil von Cluster 1. Die Schüler in Cluster 5 haben viel Schulstress, sind nicht gerne in der Schule und berichten von schlechteren Beziehungen zu ihren Lehrern und Mitschülern im Vergleich zu den Schülern in den anderen Clustern. Die weitere Beschreibung der Cluster mit Hilfe von soziodemografischen Variablen, anderen schulbezogenen Variablen und gesundheitsbezogenen Ergebnisvariablen wird zeigen, dass die gefundenen Gruppen in sich kohärent sind bezüglich der schulbezogenen Variablen, und dass sie zudem mit gesundheitsbezogenen und mit soziodemografischen Variablen korrelieren. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 196 (26 UL)![]() Zaagsma, Gerben ![]() Scientific Conference (2022, March 10) In this paper I will discuss key parameters of the politics of digitisation within a broader historical and global context with the aim to encourage further debate on its implications for historical ... [more ▼] In this paper I will discuss key parameters of the politics of digitisation within a broader historical and global context with the aim to encourage further debate on its implications for historical research. In the first part, I will outline the global dimensions of the politics of digital cultural heritage with a particular focus on developments within and between Europe and Africa, framed within the broader context of the politics of heritage and its preservation and recent debates about ‘postcolonial digital humanities’. In the second part, I will discuss the history and current state of digitisation in Europe and Africa. Here I will partly draw upon the web archive of the IFLA/Unesco Directory of Digitised Library Collections (2002-2006) and recent global and European digitisation surveys. The paper will conclude by highlighting the paradoxical situation we currently face with regard to digitisation and the state of ‘memory’ in both the global North and South. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 86 (2 UL)![]() ![]() Michels, Michael Andreas ![]() ![]() ![]() Scientific Conference (2022, March 09) Detailed reference viewed: 74 (10 UL)![]() ![]() Glock, Sabine ![]() ![]() Scientific Conference (2022, March 09) Theoretischer Hintergrund Neben der allgemeinen und domänenspezifischen Kompetenz von Lehrkräften bestimmen die Klassenführung und die Beziehung zwischen Lehrpersonen und Schüler*innen den Lernerfolg der ... [more ▼] Theoretischer Hintergrund Neben der allgemeinen und domänenspezifischen Kompetenz von Lehrkräften bestimmen die Klassenführung und die Beziehung zwischen Lehrpersonen und Schüler*innen den Lernerfolg der Schüler*innen (Korpershoek et al., 2016). Die Klassenführung umfasst Strategien, die durchgeführt werden, um Ordnung zu schaffen (Doyle, 2006) und die aktive Arbeitszeit zu maximieren (Ophardt & Thiel, 2013), wobei eine Kombination von präventiven und intervenierenden Strategien zu einer effektiven Klassenführung beitragen (Little & Akin-Little, 2008). Das Modell des zwischenmenschlichen Lehrer*innenverhaltens (Wubbels et al., 2006) klassifiziert das Verhalten von Lehrkräften in die zwei Dimensionen Einfluss und Nähe, wobei eine Kombination aus autoritärem und tolerantem Verhalten als optimal angesehen wird (Wubbels & Brekelmans, 2005). Eine effektive Klassenführung und das Verständnis der Lehrkräfte für Faktoren im Zusammenhang mit dem Externalisierungs- und Internalisierungsverhalten von Schüler*innen können im Hinblick auf die Umsetzung inklusiver Bildung besonders relevant sein. Die von Lehrer*innen gewählten Strategien können jedoch durch ihre Überzeugungen und Erwartungen an bestimmte Gruppen von Schüler*innen beeinflusst werden (Bibou-Nakou et al., 2000), die mit Stereotypen in Verbindung stehen. Diese Stereotype können durch Etikettierungen aktiviert werden, beispielsweise durch eine Diagnose von sonderpädagogischem Förderbedarf (Hornstra et al., 2010). Solche Diagnosen können die Erwartungen beeinflussen und zu erhöhter Akzeptanz und Toleranz führen, und Lehrer*innen wenden oft unterschiedliche Standards und Strategien an, um auf diese Schüler*innen zu reagieren und sie zu unterstützen (Andreou & Rapti, 2010; Georgiou et al., 2002). Fragestellung Die Studie zielte darauf ab, die Klassenführung und das zwischenmenschliche Lehrer*innenverhalten als Funktion des Schülerverhaltens und einer klinischen Diagnose zu untersuchen. Wir erwarteten erstens, dass die Lehramtsstudierende bei der Konfrontation mit externalisierendem Verhalten im Vergleich zu internalisierendem Verhalten eine strengere Klassenführung und negativeres zwischenmenschliches Verhalten zeigen und zweitens, dass die Lehramtsstudierenden ihre Strategien in Abhängigkeit von einer Diagnose des sonderpädagogischen Förderbedarfs anpassen. Methode An der Studie haben 254 Lehramtsstudierende (143 weiblich) teilgenommen. Die Teilnehmer*innen wurden gebeten, anhand von Schülervignetten eine Bewertung bezüglich einer passenden Klassenführung (Neuenschwander et al., 2003) und eines angemessenen zwischenmenschlichen Lehrer*innenverhaltens abzugeben (Fisher et al., 1995; Wubbels et al., 2006). Die Schülervignetten beschrieben zwei unterschiedliche Schüler mit externalisierende oder internalisierende Verhaltensauffälligkeiten (s.a. Glock, 2016; Glock & Kleen, 2017). Um den Einfluss der Diagnose auf die Antworten der Teilnehmer*innen zu untersuchen, variierten wir systematisch das Vorliegen einer klinischen Diagnose. Daher folgte die Studie einem 2 (Diagnose: ja/nein) x 2 (Verhalten: internalisierend/externalisierend) Zwischensubjekt Design. Ergebnisse und ihre Bedeutung Die Daten zur Klassenführung wurden mit einer 2x2 MANOVA ausgewertet. Die Ergebnisse zeigten signifikanten Haupteffekte für Schülerverhalten und Diagnose, das heißt die angegebenen Klassenführungsstrategien variierten in Abhängigkeit des Schülerverhaltens (externalisierend vs. internalisierend) und Diagnose (ja/nein). Auch der Interaktionseffekt Verhalten x Diagnose war signifikant. Die Ergebnisse zusätzlicher ANOVAs zeigten, dass Lehramtsstudierende als Antwort auf Schüler mit externalisierenden Verhalten strengere Kontrolle (Regeln setzen) und mehr Flexibilität anwenden als auf internalisierendes Verhalten, vor allem wenn die Schüler mit internalisierenden Verhalten eine Diagnose sonderpädagogischen Förderbedarfs haben. Die Angaben zu dem zwischenmenschlichen Verhalten wurden mit einer 2x2 MANOVA analysiert. Auch hier waren die beiden Haupteffekte (Schülerverhalten und Diagnose) und der Interaktionseffekt (Verhalten x Diagnose) signifikant. Zusätzliche ANOVAs zeigten, dass Lehramtsstudierende im Allgemeinen autoritative zwischenmenschliche Verhaltensmuster bevorzugen, die durch Kooperation und eine gewisse Dominanz charakterisiert werden. Insgesamt zeigen die Befunde, dass Lehramtsstudiere ihre Klassenführung und zwischenmenschliches Verhalten an das Schülerverhalten und an eine klinische Diagnose anpassen. Die Lehramtsstudierenden passten ihre Strategien an, wenn Schüler eine klinische Diagnose erhielten, und wurden toleranter und unterstützender für Schüler mit internalisierendem Verhalten, während sie vor allem strengere Kontrolle und Strategien zur Begrenzung störenden (externalisierenden) Schülerverhalten anwendeten, unabhängig von einer Diagnose. Diese Befunde können teilweise auf bestehende Überzeugungen und Erwartungen hinweisen, insbesondere da die Lehramtsstudierende weniger bereit sind, externalisierendes Verhalten zu tolerieren. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 318 (1 UL)![]() ![]() Pit-Ten Cate, Ineke ![]() ![]() ![]() Scientific Conference (2022, March 09) Der Bildungsauftrag unserer heutigen Wissensgesellschaft vereint ein vielseitiges Spektrum an Kompetenzen, die den Schüler*innen vermittelt werden sollen. Die Lernziele beinhalten nicht nur akademischen ... [more ▼] Der Bildungsauftrag unserer heutigen Wissensgesellschaft vereint ein vielseitiges Spektrum an Kompetenzen, die den Schüler*innen vermittelt werden sollen. Die Lernziele beinhalten nicht nur akademischen Erfolg, sondern auch schulisches Wohlbefinden. In der Bildungsforschung haben affektive und sozio-emotionale Faktoren sowie deren Einfluss auf das Erreichen von Lernzielen über die letzten Jahrzehnte an Interesse gewonnen (s.a. Hascher et al., 2018). Subjektives Wohlbefinden (SWB) ist ein komplexes, multidimensionales Phänomen, welches emotionale, soziale und kognitive Facetten umfasst (Hascher & Edlinger, 2009). Das SWB wird als Grundlage für erfolgreiches Lernen betrachtet (Hascher & Hagenauer, 2011), wobei der Zusammenhang je nach Entwicklungsstadium der Schüler*innen variieren kann. Ergebnisse einer Metaanalyse (Bücker et al., 2018) zeigten eine statistisch signifikante mittlere Effektstärke für den Zusammenhang zwischen SWB und Leistung, wobei diese Ergebnisse über verschiedene Ebenen soziodemografischer Merkmale, SWB-Domäne und Indikatoren der Leistung hinweg stabil waren. Außerdem zeigten Gutman und Voraus (2012) in einer längsschnittlichen Studie mit einer Kohorte von Schüler*innen zwischen 7 und 13 Jahren, schwache bis mittlere Korrelationen zwischen unterschiedlichen Dimensionen des Wohlbefindens und aktueller sowie späterer akademischer Leistung. In dieser Studie haben wir den Zusammenhang zwischen verschiedenen Dimensionen des SWB und standardisierten Kompetenztestergebnissen zu verschiedenen Zeitpunkten (5. und 9. Schulkasse) untersucht. Ein erstes Ziel bestand darin, die Unterschiede des Wohlbefindens in Bezug auf das Entwicklungsstadium zu untersuchen, wobei wir auch den Einfluss von Klassenwiederholung und Schulzweig betrachteten. Ein weiteres Ziel der Studie bestand darin, den Zusammenhang zwischen SWB und Leistung unter Berücksichtigung sozio-demografischer Variablen zu ermitteln. Die Ergebnisse basieren auf den Daten der gesamte Kohorte von Fünft- und Neuntklässler*innen (N=5159 bzw. N=6279), die im Rahmen des nationalen Schulmonitoring (Luxembourg School Monitoring Programm „Épreuves Standardisées“; Martin et al., 2015) im November 2018 in Luxemburg erhoben wurden. Im Rahmen dieser Erhebung wurden sowohl standardisierte Schulleistungstests als auch ein Fragebogen zu soziodemographischen und sozio-emotionalen Aspekten durchgeführt. Vier Domäne des SWB wurden erfasst: Selbstkonzept, Schulangst, soziale- sowie emotionale Inklusion. Die standardisierten Leistungstests umfassten Leseverstehen in Deutsch und Französisch sowie Mathematik. Zusätzlich wurden über einen Schüler- oder Elternfragebogen weitere sozio-demographische Merkmale erfasst. Der Zusammenhang zwischen SWB und Entwicklungsstadium (Schulklasse) unter Einbeziehung von Klassenwiederholung und Schulzweig wurde mittels zwei mixed model Analysen überprüft. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass Schüler*innen in der 5. Klasse höhere Werte von SWB angaben als Schüler*innen in der 9. Klasse, F(8,121164)=180.61, p<.001. Zusätzlich wurde das SWB negativ beeinflusst durch Klassenwiederholung, F(8, 63989)=17.75, p<.001. Neuntklässler*innen in anspruchsvolleren Schulzweigen gaben höhere Werte von SWB an als Schüler*innen in niedrigeren Schulzweigen, F(2,40219)=15.71, p<001. Die Schulleistung wurde über eine schrittweise Regression vorhergesagt: zunächst wurden sozio-demographische Hintergrundvariable (Geschlecht, Migrationshintergrund, HISEI der Eltern) dem Model hinzugefügt und, in einem zweiten Schritt, Indikatoren des SWB. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass in der 5. Klasse 13% und in der 9. Klasse 19% der Varianz in der Schulleistung durch soziodemografische Variablen vorausgesagt werden kann. Sowohl für Fünft- als auch für Neuntklässler*innen, erklärten die Dimensionen des SWB zusätzliche 6% bzw. 4% der Varianz. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie zeigten, dass Entwicklungsstadium, Klassenwiederholung und Schulzweig einen Einfluß auf das SWB der Schüler*innen haben. Darüber hinaus zeigten die Ergebnisse, dass das SWB über soziodemografische Merkmale hinaus zur Erklärung der schulischen Leistung beiträgt. In Anbetracht ihrer Ergebnisse, kann diese Studie auch die Diskussion um Klassenwiederholung als pädagogische Intervention und um die Praxis der Aufgliederung von Schüler*innen nach Leistungsniveau innerhalb und zwischen Schulformen bereichern. Während sich die meisten Studien zu den Effekten dieser Interventionen auf die schulische Leistung konzentrierten, zeigt die vorliegende Studie, dass diese Maßnahmen auch das SWB betreffen. Weitere (längsschnittliche) Studien könnten darauf eingehen, inwieweit es letztendlich zu einem kumulativen Effekt auf die schulische Leistung kommen kann oder ob und inwiefern das SWB den Zusammenhang zwischen diesen Faktoren und der schulischen Leistung beeinflussen kann. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 154 (3 UL)![]() Graczyk, Rafal ![]() ![]() ![]() Scientific Conference (2022, March 02) Space debris, whether caused by anti-satellite weapons or from collisions with defunct vehicles, has become a serious threat to the safe and sustainable use of space. Technologies have been proposed to ... [more ▼] Space debris, whether caused by anti-satellite weapons or from collisions with defunct vehicles, has become a serious threat to the safe and sustainable use of space. Technologies have been proposed to mitigate this problem by actively removing debris (ADR) by capturing and de-orbiting the targets (e.g., rendezvous operations, tethers, or harpoons) or by indirectly affecting the target’s orbit (e.g., using lasers). However, rather sooner than later, deploying ADR technologies against healthy satellites turns the tools for making space safer into anti-satellite weapons, capable of crippling other nations’ infrastructure. In an attempt to resolve the tool-versus-weapon dilemma, we discuss in this paper technical solutions that involve a paradigm shift in the Concept of Operations, but that also have the potential to avoid political implications and many concerns that currently prevent us from solving the space-debris problem. The solutions we advocate require consensus between involved stakeholders for all critical operations of an ADR system. We show it is technologically possible and, in fact, already well understood how to enforce that such operations can only be performed consensually. We sketch a distributed infrastructure, capable of supporting such operations among all stakeholders, enforcing agreement in international cooperation about where and for how long an ADR system gets activated, what targets it follows and where safety zones and objects are. In this way, stakeholders have to validate every piece of information to remove single points of failures, but more importantly to put the required mutual trust on solid and technologically enforced foundations. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 50 (8 UL)![]() ![]() Emslander, Valentin ![]() ![]() Scientific Conference (2022, March) Theoretical Background: Can we quantify the effectiveness of a teacher or a school with a single number? Researchers in the field of value-added (VA) models may argue just that (e.g., Chetty et al., 2014 ... [more ▼] Theoretical Background: Can we quantify the effectiveness of a teacher or a school with a single number? Researchers in the field of value-added (VA) models may argue just that (e.g., Chetty et al., 2014; Kane et al., 2013). VA models are widely used for accountability purposes in education and quantify the value a teacher or a school adds to their students’ achievement. For this purpose, these models predict achievement over time and attempt to control for factors that cannot be influenced by schools or teachers (i.e., sociodemographic & sociocultural background). Following this logic, what is left must be due to teacher or school differences (see, e.g., Braun, 2005). To utilize VA models for high-stakes decision-making (e.g., teachers’ tenure, the allocation of funding), these models would need to be highly stable over time. School-level stability over time, however, has hardly been researched at all and the resulting findings are mixed, with some studies indicating high stability of school VA scores over time (Ferrão, 2012; Thomas et al., 2007) and others reporting a lack of stability (e.g., Gorard et al., 2013; Perry, 2016). Furthermore, as there is no consensus on which variables to use as independent or dependent variables in VA models (Everson, 2017; Levy et al., 2019), the stability of VA could vary between different outcome measures (e.g., language or mathematics). If VA models lack stability over time and across outcome measures, their use as the primary information for high-stakes decision-making is in question, and the inferences drawn from them could be compromised. Questions: With these uncertainties in mind, we examine the stability of school VA model scores over time and investigate the differences between language and mathematics achievement as outcome variables. Additionally, we demonstrate the real-life implications of (in)stable VA scores for single schools and point out an alternative, more constructive use of school VA models in educational research. Method: To study the stability of VA scores on school level over time and across outcomes, we drew on a sample of 146 primary schools, using representative longitudinal data from the standardized achievement tests of the Luxembourg School Monitoring Programme (LUCET, 2021). These schools included a heterogeneous and multilingual sample of 7016 students. To determine the stability of VA scores in the subject of mathematics and in languages over time, we based our analysis on two longitudinal datasets (from 2015 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2019, respectively) and generated two VA scores per dataset, one for language and one for mathematics achievement. We further analyzed how many schools displayed stable VA scores in the respective outcomes over two years, and compared the rank correlations of VA scores between language and mathematics achievement as an outcome variable. Results and Their Significance: Only 34-38 % of the schools showed stable VA scores from grade 1 to 3 with moderate rank correlations of r = .37 with language and r = .34 with mathematics achievement. We therefore discourage using VA models as the only information for high-stakes educational decisions. Nonetheless, we argue that VA models could be employed to find genuinely effective teaching or school practices—especially in heterogeneous student populations, such as Luxembourg, in which educational disparities are an important topic already in primary school (Hoffmann et al., 2018). Consequently, we contrast the school climate and instructional quality, which might be a driver of the differences between schools with stable high vs. low VA scores. Literature Braun, H. (2005). Using student progress to evaluate teachers: A primer on value-added models. Educational Testing Service. Chetty, R., Friedman, J. N., & Rockoff, J. E. (2014). Measuring the impacts of teachers I: Evaluating bias in teacher value-added estimates. American Economic Review, 104(9), 2593–2632. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.104.9.2593 Everson, K. C. (2017). Value-added modeling and educational accountability: Are we answering the real questions? Review of Educational Research, 87(1), 35–70. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654316637199 Ferrão, M. E. (2012). On the stability of value added indicators. Quality & Quantity, 46(2), 627–637. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-010-9417-6 Gorard, S., Hordosy, R., & Siddiqui, N. (2013). How unstable are “school effects” assessed by a value-added technique? International Education Studies, 6(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v6n1p1 Kane, T. J., McCaffrey, D. F., Miller, T., & Staiger, D. O. (2013). Have We Identified Effective Teachers? Validating Measures of Effective Teaching Using Random Assignment. Research Paper. MET Project. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED540959.pdf Levy, J., Brunner, M., Keller, U., & Fischbach, A. (2019). Methodological issues in value-added modeling: An international review from 26 countries. Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability, 31(3), 257–287. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11092-019-09303-w LUCET. (2021). Épreuves Standardisées (ÉpStan). https://epstan.lu Perry, T. (2016). English value-added measures: Examining the limitations of school performance measurement. British Educational Research Journal, 42(6), 1056–1080. https://doi.org/10.1002/berj.3247 Thomas, S., Peng, W. J., & Gray, J. (2007). Modelling patterns of improvement over time: Value added trends in English secondary school performance across ten cohorts. Oxford Review of Education, 33(3), 261–295. https://doi.org/10.1080/03054980701366116 [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 87 (7 UL)![]() Pauly, Laure ![]() ![]() ![]() Poster (2022, March) Detailed reference viewed: 43 (0 UL)![]() Cauvin, Thomas ![]() in Sonnabend, Gaby; Guy, Thewes (Eds.) Narratives in History Museums – Reflections and Perspectives (2022, March) Detailed reference viewed: 390 (15 UL)![]() Nurunnabi, Abdul Awal Md ![]() ![]() in A TWO-STEP FEATURE EXTRACTION ALGORITHM: APPLICATION TO DEEP LEARNING FOR POINT CLOUD CLASSIFICATION (2022, March) Most deep learning (DL) methods that are not end-to-end use several multi-scale and multi-type hand-crafted features that make the network challenging, more computationally intensive and vulnerable to ... [more ▼] Most deep learning (DL) methods that are not end-to-end use several multi-scale and multi-type hand-crafted features that make the network challenging, more computationally intensive and vulnerable to overfitting. Furthermore, reliance on empirically-based feature dimensionality reduction may lead to misclassification. In contrast, efficient feature management can reduce storage and computational complexities, builds better classifiers, and improves overall performance. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a well-known dimension reduction technique that has been used for feature extraction. This paper presents a two-step PCA based feature extraction algorithm that employs a variant of feature-based PointNet (Qi et al., 2017a) for point cloud classification. This paper extends the PointNet framework for use on large-scale aerial LiDAR data, and contributes by (i) developing a new feature extraction algorithm, (ii) exploring the impact of dimensionality reduction in feature extraction, and (iii) introducing a non-end-to-end PointNet variant for per point classification in point clouds. This is demonstrated on aerial laser scanning (ALS) point clouds. The algorithm successfully reduces the dimension of the feature space without sacrificing performance, as benchmarked against the original PointNet algorithm. When tested on the well-known Vaihingen data set, the proposed algorithm achieves an Overall Accuracy (OA) of 74.64% by using 9 input vectors and 14 shape features, whereas with the same 9 input vectors and only 5PCs (principal components built by the 14 shape features) it actually achieves a higher OA of 75.36% which demonstrates the effect of efficient dimensionality reduction. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 56 (2 UL)![]() Coron, Jean-Sébastien ![]() ![]() in Mathematical Cryptology (2022, March), 1 At Crypto ’99, Nguyen and Stern described a lattice based algorithm for solving the hidden subset sum problem, a variant of the classical subset sum problem where the n weights are also hidden. As an ... [more ▼] At Crypto ’99, Nguyen and Stern described a lattice based algorithm for solving the hidden subset sum problem, a variant of the classical subset sum problem where the n weights are also hidden. As an application, they showed how to break the Boyko et al. fast generator of random pairs (x, g x(mod p)). The Nguyen-Stern algorithm works quite well in practice for moderate values of n, but its complexity is exponential in n. A polynomial-time variant was recently described at Crypto 2020, based on a multivariate technique, but the approach is heuristic only. In this paper, we describe a proven polynomial-time algorithm for solving the hidden subset-sum problem, based on statistical learning. In addition, we show that the statistical approach is also quite efficient in practice: using the FastICA algorithm, we can reach n = 250 in reasonable time. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 115 (14 UL)![]() Ebrahimi, Ehsan ![]() in The International Conference on Practice and Theory of Public-Key Cryptography (PKC), Japan 8-11 March 2022. (2022, March) Detailed reference viewed: 58 (19 UL)![]() Camarda, Sandra ![]() in Sonnabend, Gaby; Thewes, Guy (Eds.) Narratives in History Museums – Reflections and Perspectives (2022, March) Detailed reference viewed: 31 (6 UL)![]() ; ; et al Poster (2022, March) In this paper, we aim to design an efficient and low hardware complexity based dual-function multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) joint radar-communication (JRC) system. It is implemented via a low ... [more ▼] In this paper, we aim to design an efficient and low hardware complexity based dual-function multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) joint radar-communication (JRC) system. It is implemented via a low complexity analog architecture, constituted by a phase shifting network and variable gain amplifier. The proposed system exploits the multiple antenna transmitter for the simultaneous communication with multiple downlink users and radar target detection. The transmit waveform of the proposed JRC system is designed to minimize the downlink multi-user interference such that the desired radar beampattern is achieved and the architecture specific constraints are satisfied. The resulting optimization problem is non-convex and in general difficult to solve. We propose an efficient algorithmic solution based on the primal-dual framework. The numerical results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 13 (0 UL)![]() ![]() Krebs, Stefan ![]() ![]() Scientific Conference (2022, February 24) Since its establishment in 1885, the Luxembourg telephone network was characterised by bottlenecks in network expansion, which were in the course of the 20th century to be remedied by new cables ... [more ▼] Since its establishment in 1885, the Luxembourg telephone network was characterised by bottlenecks in network expansion, which were in the course of the 20th century to be remedied by new cables (expansion) and new distribution technology (innovation). However, the envisioned expansion was repeatedly slowed down by a lack of trained technical staff and resources. For example, requests for new connections had repeatedly to be rejected and already planned expansion measures had to be postponed. Due to the one-sided focus of government and Luxembourg Post (PTT) administration on network expansion, the maintenance and repair of the network suffered at the same time, so that more frequent defects occurred. At the same time did the repair of defects tie up human and material resources that were then not available for expansion works. The PTT was thus confronted with a constant balancing act between the expansion and modernisation of the network and its maintenance, with the management level prioritising expansion and innovation. The problem was particularly virulent during the rapid expansion of telephony in the 1960s and 70s, but the paper will trace the fundamental conflict of interests for the first one hundred years of telephony in Luxembourg. The paper draws on legal documents and PTT reports to show how the construction, expansion and maintenance of the telephone network was envisioned, and how the shortage of technical staff and resources hampered the smooth operation of the system. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 62 (1 UL)![]() ![]() Krebs, Stefan ![]() Scientific Conference (2022, February 24) Detailed reference viewed: 49 (0 UL)![]() Odenbreit, Christoph ![]() ![]() ![]() in Kolloquiumsband - 23 DASt-Forschungskolloquium (2022, February 22) The RFCS research project REDUCE (Project No. 710040) investigated dismountable shear connections with preloaded bolts. These connectors have in most cases a slip capacity greater than 6 mm and show a ... [more ▼] The RFCS research project REDUCE (Project No. 710040) investigated dismountable shear connections with preloaded bolts. These connectors have in most cases a slip capacity greater than 6 mm and show a monotonic increasing nonlinear load-slip behaviour without plastic plateau and failure of the bolt in shear. Current design procedures of steel-concrete composite beams are largely based on the implementation of headed shear studs, which exhibit a rather different load-slip behaviour with a pronounced plastic niveau. Thus, a question turned out, which compression force can be activated by the shear connection in the concrete girder of a composite beam and how can the respective ultimate bending capacity be determined. Hence, this contribution presents an analytical algorithm to estimate the occurring compression force in the concrete girder when demountable shear connectors are used. The proposed algorithm bases on the actual measured load-slip curve of the shear connection and the expected slip along the beam, which is estimated for each single connector to later determine the compression force in the concrete girder. In addition to the explanation of the “general algorithm”, assumptions for practical use have been made for the slip distribution to simplify the calculation of the compression force and an effective shear resistance P_Rd,eff. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 100 (13 UL)![]() Kolla, Sri Sudha Vijay Keshav ![]() ![]() ![]() in Procedia Computer Science (2022, February 08), 200 In the context of Industry 4.0 (I 4.0), one of the most important aspects is data, followed by the capital required to deploy advanced technologies. However, most Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are ... [more ▼] In the context of Industry 4.0 (I 4.0), one of the most important aspects is data, followed by the capital required to deploy advanced technologies. However, most Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are neither data ready nor have the capital to upgrade their existing machinery. In SMEs, most of the legacy machines do not have data gathering capabilities. In this scenario, the concept of retrofitting the existing machinery with sensors and building an Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is more beneficial than upgrading the equipment to newer machinery. The current research paper proposes a simple architecture on retrofitting a legacy machine with external sensors for data collection and feeding the cloud-based databases for analysis/monitoring purposes. The design and functional aspects of the architecture are then tested in a laboratory environment on a drilling machine with no embedded sensors. Data related to the speed of the drill head and the bore depth are collected using newly retrofitted sensors to validate the proposed architecture. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 107 (4 UL)![]() Mashhood, Muhammad ![]() ![]() ![]() Scientific Conference (2022, February 05) [1] R.K. Ganeriwala, M. Strantza, W.E. King, B. Clausen, T.Q. Phan, L.E. Levine, D.W. Brown, N.E. Hodge, Evaluation of a thermomechanical modelfor prediction of residual stress during laser powder bed ... [more ▼] [1] R.K. Ganeriwala, M. Strantza, W.E. King, B. Clausen, T.Q. Phan, L.E. Levine, D.W. Brown, N.E. Hodge, Evaluation of a thermomechanical modelfor prediction of residual stress during laser powder bed fusion of Ti-6Al- 4V, Additive Manufacturing(2019), Vol. 27., 489–502. [2] M. S. Alnaes, J. Blechta, J. Hake, A. Johansson, B. Kehlet, A. Logg, C. Richardson, J. Ring, M. E. Rognes and G. N. Wells, The FEniCS Project Version 1.5, Archive of Numerical Software(2015), Vol. 3., 100:9–23. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 28 (1 UL) |
||