Dispositions for collaborative problem solving.

in Kuger, Susanne; Klieme, Eckhard; Jude, Nina (Eds.) et al Assessing context of learning world-wide (in press)

Assessment of problem solving

in Griffin, P.; McGaw, B.; Care, E. (Eds.) Assessment and teaching of 21st century skills (in press)

Multiperspektivische Einblicke in die Forschungslage zur non-formalen Bildung in Luxemburg. Eine Zusammenfassung.

in Zufriedenheit - Wohlbefinden - Anerkennung. Ein Blick hinter die Kulissen non-formaler Bildungseinrichtungen in Luxemburg (in press)

Penser les francophonies au risque du genre

in Léger, Thierry; Hervé, Louis; Panaité, Oana (Eds.) Champs littéraires et langues de la francophonie-monde. Trajectoires, figures et émergence de la nouvelle cartographie des humanités en français (in press)

Introduction

in Luchtman, Michiel; Ligeti, Katalin; Vervaele, John (Eds.) EU enforcement authorities - Punitive law enforcement in a composite legal order (in press)

Une sémiotique du numérique : spectre d’effectuations et réénonciations – Le cas du DVD

in Klock-Fontanille, Isabelle (Ed.) Transmission en acte(s) (in press)

Cognitive processes underlying impaired decision-making in gambling disorder.

in Zaleskiewicz, Thomas (Ed.) Psychological Perspectives on Financial Decision Making. (in press)

Patterns of Place: An Integrated Approach for the Design and Evaluation of Real and Virtual Environments

in Lombard, Matthew; Freeman, Jonathon; Ijesslsteijn, Wijnand (Eds.) et al Immersed in Media: Presence Theory, Measurement and Technology (in press)

This chapter describes an approach to the development of virtual representations of real places. The work was funded under the European Union’s €20m Future and Emerging Technologies theme of the 5th ... [more ▼]

This chapter describes an approach to the development of virtual representations of real places. The work was funded under the European Union’s €20m Future and Emerging Technologies theme of the 5th Framework Programme, “Presence”, 2002 - 2005. The aim of the project, called BENOGO, was to develop a novel technology based on real-time image-based rendering (IBR) for representing places in virtual environments. The specific focus of the work presented here concerned how to capture the essential features of real places, and how to represent that knowledge, so that the team developing the IBR-based virtual environments could produce an environment that was as realistic as possible. This involved the development and evaluation of a number of virtual environments and the evolution of two complementary techniques; the Place Probe and Patterns of place. [less ▲]

Zufriedenheit, Wohlbefinden und Anerkennung: Kontextualisierung und theoretische Einordnung der Konzepte und ihrer Bedeutung für die institutionellen Felder der non-formalen Bildung

in Zufriedenheit - Wohlbefinden - Anerkennung. Ein Blick hinter die Kulissen non-formaler Bildungseinrichtungen in Luxemburg (in press)

Mediating the Right to Education: An Analysis of UNESCO’s Exhibition Album on Human Rights and Its Global Dissemination in 1951

in Priem, Karin; Comas Rubi, Francisca; Gonzalez, Sara (Eds.) Media Matter: Images as Presenters, Mediators and Means of Observation (in press)

The end of the Second World War was the start of a new era, with worldwide support for a Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). As a UN organisation, UNESCO was assigned to present the UDHR towards ... [more ▼]

The end of the Second World War was the start of a new era, with worldwide support for a Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). As a UN organisation, UNESCO was assigned to present the UDHR towards the global population in an effort to guide them to peace. In 1949, their Department of Mass Communication created three tools to promote human rights: a large-scale exhibition at the Musée Galliera in Paris, a travel album, and teaching handbooks. In my chapter, I will focus on the travel album, and in particular, on article 26: “The Right to Education”. As in the album, the right is represented by a number of images and captions, all related to this article of the UDHR. I will analyse the visuals and the corresponding texts from an intermediate perspective. Does the narrative created by UNESCO actually relate to the meaning of the pictures? Then, I will analyse the global correspondence received on the travel album. How did the viewers understand the album and was it as comprehensible as UNESCO thought? This chapter argues that the promotion and mediation of human rights were based on Western standards of education, making it difficult to spread a universal message. [less ▲]

Memory in old age – A life-span perspective

in Wagoner, Brady (Ed.) Oxford Handbook of Culture and Memory (in press)

In this chapter, memory is considered from a life-span perspective combining a geropsychological as well as a life-span developmental view. Characteristics of such a view are This chapter focusses memory ... [more ▼]

In this chapter, memory is considered from a life-span perspective combining a geropsychological as well as a life-span developmental view. Characteristics of such a view are This chapter focusses memory under the perspective of human ageing. It starts with a conception of ageing that highlights the interplay of genetics, life styles and culture as fundamental dynamics underlying the ageing process as well as it’s impact on memory functioning. A second section focuses the context of ontogenesis and describes central concepts of memory structure and functioning in a life span perspective underlining the adaptive function of memory use. Building on this, a third section elaborates the dynamic interplay and the role of memory in the self-regulation of the ageing self. The last section puts memory in the context of two aspects of culture differing between assistive culture providing knowledge and technology resources and culture as representing symbolic resources that help in the collective and individual construction of meaning. [less ▲]

Reconceptualizing the Multilingual Child: Curriculum Construction in Luxembourg

in Roberts, Philip; Brennan, Marie; Green, Bill (Eds.) Curriculum Challenges and Opportunities in a Changing World (in press)

Luxemburg postkolonial? Zur Leistung einer postkolonialen Perspektive im Horizont der Interkulturalitätsforschung

in Wiegmann, Eva (Ed.) Interkulturelles Labor. Luxemburg im Spannungsfeld von Integration und Diversifikation (in press)

The European Public Prosecutor’s Office

in Mitsilegas, Valsamis; Bergström, Maria; Konstadinides, Theodore (Eds.) Research Handbook on EU Criminal Law (in press)

Entangled Media Ecologies: The Nexus of Education and Mass Communication from the Perspective of UNESCO (1945-1989)

in Flury, Carmen; Geiss, Michael (Eds.) How Computers Entered the Classroom (1960-2000): Historical Perspectives (in press)

Numerous studies and handbooks in the history of education are devoted to the history of educational media and the evolution of educational technologies. This chapter puts an explicit focus on the ... [more ▼]

Numerous studies and handbooks in the history of education are devoted to the history of educational media and the evolution of educational technologies. This chapter puts an explicit focus on the implications and conceptual background of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization´s (UNESCO) technology-driven idea of education, which already took shape before the 1957 Sputnik shock. Eager to establish strong bonds between mass communication and education, UNESCO by the late 1940s had already begun to set up a powerful internal apparatus for media policy which soon closely collaborated with its Education Division. From the late 1970s, UNESCO set out to establish a New World Information and Communication Order to further stabilize its global role in education and media policies. This chapter posits that textbooks, radio, TV, film, and computers were serving as interconnected elements of UNESCO’s educational mission. By looking at these specific technological ecologies of education, I connect research into the history of education with research into UNESCO´s media policies. This conceptual history approach demonstrates that education is not only based on ethical norms, teaching, and learning but is also connected to technological properties that offer access to knowledge and its acquisition. In addition, and when studying UNESCO, it becomes evident that the organization´s education-technology-nexus is also very much connected with the media and publishing industries. [less ▲]

Le Parquet européen et le blanchiment de capitaux

in Marty, Marie; Kirmann, Florent (Eds.) Le droit criminel à l’épreuve de l’infraction de blanchiment (in press)

Wie passt sich die Schreibberaterin an den mehrsprachigen Kontext an? Eine konversationsanalytische und sprachlich-funktionale Analyse von Textfeedbackgesprächen mit DaF/DaZ-Studierenden

in Wetschanow, Karin; Kuntschner, Eva; Unterpertinger, Erika (Eds.) et al Neue Perspektiven auf die Schreibberatung (in press)

Zufriedenheit mit der institutionellen Betreuung von Kindern im Alter von bis zu 4 Jahren

in Zufriedenheit - Wohlbefinden - Anerkennung. Ein Blick hinter die Kulissen non-formaler Bildungseinrichtungen in Luxemburg (in press)

Cultural Border Studies

in Nesselhauf, Jonas; Weber, Florian (Eds.) Handbuch Kulturwissenschaftliche Studies (in press)

Zur Wechselseitigkeit von Sozialer Anerkennung und Selbstbildung: Jugendliche und junge Erwachsene im Alter zwischen 12 und 30 Jahren in Einrichtungen der Jugendarbeit

in Baltes-Löhr, Christel; Schumacher, Anette; Biewers, Sandra (Eds.) Zufriedenheit - Wohlbefinden - Anerkennung. Ein Blick hinter die Kulissen non-formaler Bildungseinrichtungen in Luxemburg (in press)

Epistemological, critical and reflexive gymnastics: constructing research in "former Yugoslavia" in the face of the coloniality of knowledge

in Aiken, Gerald Taylor; Button, Cat (Eds.) Over-researched places (in press)

This article is a story narrating the evolution of my own reflections during my Ph.D.: “Planning at the Borders of European Peripheries: The Serbia/Croatia Borderland and the EU Cooperation and ... [more ▼]

This article is a story narrating the evolution of my own reflections during my Ph.D.: “Planning at the Borders of European Peripheries: The Serbia/Croatia Borderland and the EU Cooperation and Reconciliation Injunctions” (Ph.D. thesis, Tours, Université François-Rabelais, 2016). Using auto-ethnographic methods, this article demonstrates a conviction, the necessity to engage with a reflexive and critical approach, before, during, and after the production of research. I show first how I built the thesis’ epistemological approach, by progressively deconstructing classical theoretical frameworks (nationalist, postsocialist, post-Yugoslav). I expose and discuss then the outcomes of such a reflexivity, in particular how I gradually became conscious of the coloniality of (my) knowledge. These mental gymnastics allowed me to occasionally overcome – but regularly report on – the limits of my research, but also to recognize the unsurpassibility of certain aspects of my work connected to the situation in which I stated and conducted it. Reflecting on epistemological reflexivity contributes to clarifying scientific (in)validity of research, and better situates researcher’s arguments, their position and positionality. [less ▲]

'Doing Familienähnlichkeit' in der Kindertagespflege

in Nentwig-Gesemann, Iris; Fröhlich-Gildhoff, Klaus; Betz, Tanja (Eds.) et al Forschung in der Frühpädagogik, Bd 9, Institutionalisierung früher Kindheit und Organisationsentwicklung (in press)

In the course of the extending field of public daycare for children under the age of 3 the impact of family day care (professional childminding) has considerably increased. But, despite its recent ... [more ▼]

In the course of the extending field of public daycare for children under the age of 3 the impact of family day care (professional childminding) has considerably increased. But, despite its recent professionalization and diversification its ‘family-likeness’ still counts as its main character. Mostly used as a root category for a bundle of structural characteristics it, however, remains a still open question what this ‘family-likeness’ mean in an actor-related perspective. This contribution starts, therefore, with the assumption that the family-likeness of childminding is an everyday practical accomplishment which gets accentuated and enacted in different ways of the diverse actor groups within young children’s care and education arrangements (parents, professionals, and children). In recourse to two case studies taken from the Luxembourgian CHILD-study it is showed how this multi-positional ‘doing family-likeness’ is embedded within the socio-genesis and everyday accomplishment of children’s care and education arrangements, resulting in definable different forms of this ‘doing family-likness’ across the case studies. With that, the article introduces a multi-dimensional analytical perspective towards the institutionalization of diverse ‘family day care-childhoods’, and thereby, also point on the contributions of young children to childminding as a family-like day care which are often overlooked in current research. [less ▲]

One Million or One Hundred Million Casualties? – The Impact of the COVID-19 Crisis on the Least Developed and Developing Countries and the EU Sustainable Finance Agenda

in Beate Sjåfjell, Georgina Tsagas, Charlotte Villiers (eds.), Sustainable Value Creation in the European Union (in press)

Situating difference as a valuable resource in education research

in Scantlebury, K. (Ed.) Moving science education into the 21st century: A festschrift in honor of Kenneth Tobin (in press)

Quels modèles de mesure pour l’évaluation des compétences ?

in Dierendonck, Christophe; Loarer, E; Rey, B (Eds.) L'évaluation des compétences en milieu scolaire et en milieu professionne (in press)

The experience of ageing: Views from without and within

in Rosa, Alberto; Valsiner, Jaan (Eds.) The Cambridge handbook of socio-cultural psychology (in press)

This chapter contrasts two different views on ageing. An external “view from without” starts in a first step with the description of phenomena associated with human ageing including the notions of death ... [more ▼]

This chapter contrasts two different views on ageing. An external “view from without” starts in a first step with the description of phenomena associated with human ageing including the notions of death and dying. This is followed by presenting an overview of central and mostly psychological models and theories about human ageing. Here, life span conceptions as well as theories on self-regulation of the ageing self are described and discussed. Furthermore, a specific focus is put on the differing qualifications that the term ageing has received in diverse theoretical models. The internal “view from within” finally starts with three case stories presenting excerpts of individual biographic narratives that highlight the importance of life events and adaptive processes within the family in the subjective construction of the self and the life course. The conclusion elaborates a person-centred approach in the study of human ageing taking into account that both family and culture interact in forming development in general as well as life in advancing age in particular. [less ▲]

Administrative Law in the European Union: The Liberal Constitutional Paradigm and Institutionalism as an Imperfect Alternative

in Harlow, Carol (Ed.) A Research Agenda for Administrative Law (in press)

EU administrative law – both as law and as a scholarly field – has, to a significant extent, suffered from a tendency to seek analogies with categories of state public law, more especially perhaps in its ... [more ▼]

EU administrative law – both as law and as a scholarly field – has, to a significant extent, suffered from a tendency to seek analogies with categories of state public law, more especially perhaps in its general legal principles and norms common to the various sectors of EU administrative power. I argue in this chapter that this normative approach, which has largely shaped its judicial and scholarly development and has contributed greatly to bringing about an administrative rule of law in the European Union, is limited. Phenomena that, while present in other legal systems, are core to the functioning of the EU legal order cannot be suitably tackled with conceptions of public law inspired by the binary logic of protecting individual legal spheres from the exercise of public authority that has largely grounded administrative law in state settings. In the final section, I propose an imperfect alternative perspective on public law, drawing on the institutionalism of the Italian jurist, Santi Romano. [less ▲]

Tracing the iconization of the salty article of Balearic vernaculars in Facebook communities [provisional title]

in Juffermans, Kasper; Weth, Constanze (Eds.) The tyranny of writing: Ideologies of the written word (in press)

Kolonialismus als Groteske. Überlegungen zu den Grundzügen einer postkolonialen Komik am Beispiel von Christian Krachts Imperium

in Assemboni, Obi; Babka, Anna; Dunker, Axel (Eds.) Postkolonialität denken – Spektren germanistischer Forschung (Togo 2014) (in press)

Ökologie und Poetologie der Versandung: Raoul Schrotts Novelle Die Wüste Lop Nor als literarische Wüstenfiguration der Gegenwart.

in Dürbeck, Gabriele; Zschachlitz, Ralf (Eds.) Ökologie und Umweltwandel in der deutschsprachigen Gegenwartsliteratur. (in press)

Comparing regression approaches in modelling (non-)compensatory judgement formation

in Studies in classification, data analysis and knowledge organization (in press)

Applied research on judgment formation, e.g. in education, is interested in identifying the underlying judgment rules from empirical judgment data. Psychological theories and empirical results on human ... [more ▼]

Applied research on judgment formation, e.g. in education, is interested in identifying the underlying judgment rules from empirical judgment data. Psychological theories and empirical results on human judgment formation support the assumption of compensatory strategies, e.g. (weighted) linear models, as well as non compensatory (heuristic) strategies as underlying judgment rules. Previous research repeatedly demonstrated that linear regression models well fitted empirical judgment data, leading to the conclusion that the underlying cognitive judgment rules were also linear and compensatory. This simulation study investigated whether a good fit of a linear regression model is a valid indicator of a compensatory cognitive judgment formation process. Simulated judgment data sets with underlying compensatory and noncompensatory judgment rules were generated to reflect typical judgment data from applied educational research. Results indicated that linear regression models well fitted even judgment data with underlying non compensatory judgment rules, thus impairing the validity of the fit of the linear model as an indicator of compensatory cognitive judgment processes. [less ▲]

Förderung von Deutsch als Fremd- und Amtssprache in den Benelux-Staaten

in Ammon, Ulrich (Ed.) Förderung von Deutsch weltweit. (in press)

Altersbilder als wichtiger Hintergrund für die Altersmedizin.

in Bauer, Jürgen; Denkinger, Michael; Becker, Clemens (Eds.) et al Geriatrie (in press)

Siegel modular forms of degree two and three and invariant theory

in The art of doing algebraic geometry (in press)

Eléonora Miano et son concept de l´identité frontière au théâtre

in Borst, Julia; Neu-Wendel, Stephanie; Tauchnitz, Juliane (Eds.) et al Unerhörte Stimmen aus der Afro-Romania Genderdiskurse im Kontext von Selbst- und Fremdwahrnehmung „nach“ der Migration (in press)

Le rapport Werner en suspens. Les débats autour de l'Union économique et monétaire en 1973

in Wilkens, Andreas (Ed.) Une année particulière: 1973 et les tourments de l'Europe (2023)

„…und die Tradition schweigt“ – Solfège in der Diskussion

in Losert, Martin; Eschen, Andreas (Eds.) Gute Musik? Ästhetische Qualitäten von Musik im Unterricht (2023)

This article focuses on a historical overview, criticism of solfège teaching and more accomplishable approaches to music education. When Guido of Arezzo came up with the invention of the line system and ... [more ▼]

This article focuses on a historical overview, criticism of solfège teaching and more accomplishable approaches to music education. When Guido of Arezzo came up with the invention of the line system and derived tone syllables from the first letters of St John's hymn just under a millennium ago, he laid the foundation for a new approach to musical education: he replaced stubborn memorisation of (church) chants with a learnable, mechanical reading technique. He probably could not have foreseen that after almost a thousand years, 'his' idea would still be relevant. This article is based on several lectures and previous publications. It is intended to show the extent to which Solfège is situated in terms of music aesthetics on the one hand. However, on the other hand, this method of mechanical readability, when it is applied without any claim to music aesthetics, is increasingly causing headaches for music educators. Two years ago, the Kodály concept was recognised as an intangible cultural heritage of humanity. This mainly brought the preservation of the diverse Hungarian folk music heritage into focus and only secondarily the pedagogical idea associated with it. It should not be forgotten that the latter is based on Guido von Arezzo's predecessor concept and would be inconceivable without it. As a logical consequence, the Solfège should also be included in the list of intangible cultural assets. Its influence is based on a musical pedagogical concept that is more than a thousand years old and still has a decisive effect on musical education in many European countries. The Solfège system is not without controversy, but where is it written that an intangible cultural property must be based on consensus on content? Is not the discourse of musicology or music education the salt in the soup that could stimulate the discussion about the inclusion of cultural property in the UNESCO List [less ▲]

Constitutional engineering of State of exception regimes within the European Union

in Braum, Stefan (Ed.) Experimental Law: The Rule of Law and the Regulation of the Corona Pandemic in Europe (2023)

Automatisierter öffentlicher Verkehr in Grenzregionen

in Internationales Verkehrswesen (2023)

Commercial Space Operators on the Digital Battlefield

in CIGI Essay Series: Cybersecurity and Outer Space (2023)

Les langues sous la peau: perspectives tranlingues de la littérature francophone luxembourgeoise

in Del Fiol, Maxime (Ed.) Francophonie, plurilinguisme et production littéraire transnationale en français depuis de Moyen Âge (2023)

The Material Constitution in Greek Constitutional Thought

in Goldoni, Marco; Wilkinson, Michael (Eds.) The Cambridge Handbook on the Material Constitution (2023)

Brussels II ter Regulation, Commentary of Article 55 Service of certificate and decision

in Mankowski, Peter (Ed.) Brussels IIter Regulation (2023)

Vertical (sub)urbanization in Zurich’s northeast: The Valley along the Glatt as both a metaphor and mediating structural element

in Aguiar, Luis; Senese, Donna; French, Diana (Eds.) The Elgar Companion to Valleys: Social, Economic and Cultural Perspectives (2023)

Brussels II ter Regulation, Commentary of Article 51 Enforcement Procedure

in Mankowski, Peter; Magnus, Ulrich (Eds.) Brussels IIter Regulation (2023)

Luxembourg: All Hands on Deck

in Lynggaard; Jensen; Kluth (Eds.) Governments' Responses to the Covid-19 Pandemic in Europe: Navigating the Perfect Storm (2023)

Luxembourg recorded a comparatively high number of infections during the first wave of the Covid-19 crisis. The health system nevertheless remained fully functional as additional Covid centres were set up ... [more ▼]

Luxembourg recorded a comparatively high number of infections during the first wave of the Covid-19 crisis. The health system nevertheless remained fully functional as additional Covid centres were set up throughout the country for the detection and treatment of less severe cases. A hard lockdown was imposed to cope with the first wave. Crisis management remained a depoliticized issue as the political parties and civil society more generally united behind the efforts to combat the pandemic. After the first wave, crisis management became more politicized, as the opposition complained about a lack of genuine consultation and as some civil society groups were disappointed by a late and lukewarm response to the second wave. Overall, crisis management was most successful when it combined authority with clear rules and good communication, but became less effective when rules became more complex. [less ▲]

Kommunikationsaspekte der Zukunft im Klassenraum

in Gesellschaft für Didaktik des Sachunterrichts (Ed.) Jahresband GDSU 2022: Herausforderungen und Zukunftsperspektiven für den Sachunterricht (2023)

A future-oriented science education refers to everyday experiences, (technical) language and current developments in migration and multilingualism (Kahlert 2022). This requires a participatory bringing ... [more ▼]

A future-oriented science education refers to everyday experiences, (technical) language and current developments in migration and multilingualism (Kahlert 2022). This requires a participatory bringing together of all areas of knowledge and experience in the classroom (Stoltenberg 2004). The arti-cle discusses tasks in science teaching from different perspectives (semantics, multilingualism, etc.), using the topic “swimming and sinking”, which appears to be a suitable frame of reference for several reasons: (1) the topic is based on a wide range of research; (2) it refers to a precise content area with the phenomenon of buoyancy and the considerations on force, density, interaction; (3) it connects to the living environment, and (4) follows the discourse of everyday language vs. educational language. Based on these items, the article tackles the question of what impact language in science textbooks has on (multilingual) students’ acquisition of science content. [less ▲]

Teaching Multilingual Academic discourse at the University of Luxembourg

in Donahue, Christiane (Ed.) Teaching and Studying Transnational Composition (2023)

Fighting Fires from Crisis to Crisis: The Evolution of Central Banking in Europe

in Costa, Olivier; Van Hecke, Steven (Eds.) The EU Political System After the 2019 European Elections (2023)

The year 2019 ushered in the end of an era for the European Central Bank when Mario Draghi stepped down as ECB President. The financial crisis left a legacy of central banks as “the only game in town” ... [more ▼]

The year 2019 ushered in the end of an era for the European Central Bank when Mario Draghi stepped down as ECB President. The financial crisis left a legacy of central banks as “the only game in town”. The COVID-19 pandemic reinforced the role of central banks as critical firefighters during crises, in contrast to earlier periods. This contribution examines the evolution of central banking in Europe. First, it evaluates the ideational shifts that allowed for a more expansive interpretation of the role of a central bank. Second, it looks at the ECB’s response to the Covid-19 crisis and assesses the underlying reasons why the use of the bank’s balance sheet is here to stay. Third, it looks at these issues in a comparative perspective, contrasting the issues and policy responses faced by the ECB to those of the Bank of England and the US Federal Reserve. The final section concludes. [less ▲]

Border integration in different world regions: benefitting communities or territories?

in Zarate, Carlos; Aponte, Jorge; Victorino, Nicolas (Eds.) Fronteras sin muros ni hegemonías: encuentros entre la Amazonia, América y Europa (2023)

This chapter responds to the following question: “Are territories at the service of their communities, or are communities at the service of their territories?” The normative implications of this query are ... [more ▼]

This chapter responds to the following question: “Are territories at the service of their communities, or are communities at the service of their territories?” The normative implications of this query are both timely and necessary. Whereas national borders were invented in the Westphalian system to protect citizens and provide security, the contemporary reinforcement of borders has in many ways increased vulnerability and risk for local populations. In general, cross-border integration has been viewed in terms of economic growth and political/social relations. Social impacts and human security are often pushed to the background. This implies a normative bias towards territory-based rather than community-based integration. This chapter engages these debates on human vs. public security. It examines four border cases: 1) Lille-Kortrijk- Tournai Eurométropole, 2) Bari, Italy-Durres, Albania, 3) San Diego, usa- Tijuana, Mexico and 4) Cúcuta, Colombia-San Cristóbal, Venezuela. [less ▲]