La Comédie-Française face au Coronavirus

in La Scène mondiale en période de confinement (2022)

Depuis le vendredi 13 mars 2020, le monde entier vit au rythme ralenti de la crise sanitaire due au Coronavirus. Le parangon de la culture française, à savoir la ComédieFrançaise, ne fait pas exception et ... [more ▼]

Depuis le vendredi 13 mars 2020, le monde entier vit au rythme ralenti de la crise sanitaire due au Coronavirus. Le parangon de la culture française, à savoir la ComédieFrançaise, ne fait pas exception et ne déroge pas à la règle. Qu’à cela ne tienne, Éric Ruf, Administrateur Général depuis 2014, la troupe de la Comédie-Française ainsi que les différents métiers du théâtre, salariés de cette institution ont opté pour le numérique et mis en place une WEB-TV, initialement intitulée « La Comédie continue ! » (du lundi 30 mars au dimanche 24 mai 2020), puis « La Comédie continue encore ! » (du lundi 25 mai au mardi 14 juillet 2020), avant de devenir « La Comédie reprend ! » avec, depuis le lundi 28 septembre 2020, une émission hebdomadaire et quotidienne nommée « Quelle Comédie », laquelle s’intéresse à l’actualité de la Comédie-Française. Depuis le mardi 10 novembre 2020, les internautes peuvent profiter de « Comédie d’automne ». Au gré des confinements, la Maison de Molière aura réussi à se renouveler, sans jamais lasser le public, en proposant des programmes différents au fil des semaines, et, aussi paradoxal que cela puisse paraître, à fidéliser des milliers d’internautes. [less ▲]

Mean-field theory for the structure of strongly interacting active liquids

in Journal of Chemical Physics (2022)

Active systems, which are driven out of equilibrium by local non-conservative forces, exhibit unique behaviors and structures with potential utility for the design of novel materials. An important and ... [more ▼]

Active systems, which are driven out of equilibrium by local non-conservative forces, exhibit unique behaviors and structures with potential utility for the design of novel materials. An important and difficult challenge along the path toward this goal is to precisely predict how the structure of active systems is modified as their driving forces push them out of equilibrium. Here, we use tools from liquid-state theories to approach this challenge for a classic minimal active matter model. First, we construct a nonequilibrium mean-field framework that can predict the structure of systems of weakly interacting particles. Second, motivated by equilibrium solvation theories, we modify this theory to extend it with surprisingly high accuracy to systems of strongly interacting particles, distinguishing it from most existing similarly tractable approaches. Our results provide insight into spatial organization in strongly interacting out-of-equilibrium systems. [less ▲]

LSTM-Based Distributed Conditional Generative Adversarial Network for Data-Driven 5G-Enabled Maritime UAV Communications

in IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems (2022)

5G enabled maritime unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication is one of the important applications of 5G wireless network which requires minimum latency and higher reliability to support mission ... [more ▼]

5G enabled maritime unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication is one of the important applications of 5G wireless network which requires minimum latency and higher reliability to support mission-critical applications. Therefore, lossless reliable communication with a high data rate is the key requirement in modern wireless communication systems. These all factors highly depend upon channel conditions. In this work, a channel model is proposed for air-to-surface link exploiting millimeter wave (mmWave) for 5G enabled maritime unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication. Firstly, we will present the formulated channel estimation method which directly aims to adopt channel state information (CSI) of mmWave from the channel model inculcated by UAV operating within the Long Short Term Memory (LSTM)-Distributed Conditional generative adversarial network (DCGAN) i.e. (LSTM-DCGAN) for each beamforming direction. Secondly, to enhance the applications for the proposed trained channel model for the spatial domain, we have designed an LSTM-DCGAN based UAV network, where each one will learn mmWave CSI for all the distributions. Lastly, we have categorized the most favorable LSTM-DCGAN training method and emanated certain conditions for our UAV network to increase the channel model learning rate. Simulation results have shown that the proposed LSTM-DCGAN based network is vigorous to the error generated through local training. A detailed comparison has been done with the other available state-of-the-art CGAN network architectures i.e. stand-alone CGAN (without CSI sharing), Simple CGAN (with CSI sharing), multi-discriminator CGAN, federated learning CGAN and DCGAN. Simulation results have shown that the proposed LSTM-DCGAN structure demonstrates higher accuracy during the learning process and attained more data rate for downlink transmission as compared to the previous state of artworks. [less ▲]

Linear system identifiability from single-cell data

in Systems and Control Letters (2022), 165

Impact of phase-noise and spatial correlation on double-RIS-assisted multiuser MISO networks

in IEEE Wireless Communications Letters (2022), 11(7), 1473-1477

Energy-Efficient Resource Allocation for 6G Backscatter-Enabled NOMA IoV Networks

in IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems (2022), 23(07), 9775-9785

The integration of Ambient Backscatter Communication (AmBC) with Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) is expected to support connectivity of low-powered Internet-of-Vehicles (IoVs) in the upcoming Sixth ... [more ▼]

The integration of Ambient Backscatter Communication (AmBC) with Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) is expected to support connectivity of low-powered Internet-of-Vehicles (IoVs) in the upcoming Sixth-Generation (6G) transportation systems. This paper proposes an energy-efficient resource allocation framework for the AmBC-enabled NOMA IoV network under imperfect Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC) decoding. In particular, multiple Road-Side Units (RSUs) transmit superimposed signals to their associated IoVs utilizing downlink NOMA transmission. Meanwhile, the Backscatter Tags (BackTags) also transmit data symbols towards nearby IoVs by reflecting the superimposed signals of RSUs. Thus, the objective is to maximize the total energy efficiency of the NOMA IoV network subject to the minimum data rate of all IoVs. A joint problem that simultaneously optimizes the total power budget of each RSU, power allocation coefficient of IoVs and reflection power of BackTags under imperfect SIC decoding is formulated. A Dinkelbach approach is first adopted to transform the optimization problem and then the transformed problem is decoupled into two subproblems for optimal transmit power at RSUs and efficient reflection power at BackTags, respectively. To solve the problems efficiently, dual theory and Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions are exploited, where the Lagrangian dual variables are iteratively calculated using the subgradient method. To check the performance of the proposed framework, a benchmark optimization without AmBC is also provided. Numerical results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed AmBC-enabled NOMA IoV framework over the benchmark conventional IoV framework. [less ▲]

Efficient Memory-Bounded Optimal Detection for GSM-MIMO Systems

in IEEE Transactions on Communications (2022), 70(7), 4359-4372

We investigate the optimal signal detection problem in large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system with the generalized spatial modulation (GSM) scheme, which can be formulated as a closest ... [more ▼]

We investigate the optimal signal detection problem in large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system with the generalized spatial modulation (GSM) scheme, which can be formulated as a closest lattice point search (CLPS). To identify invalid signals, an efficient pruning strategy is needed while searching on the GSM decision tree. However, the existing algorithms have exponential complexity, whereas they are infeasible in large-scale GSM-MIMO systems. In order to tackle this problem, we propose a memory-efficient pruning strategy by leveraging the combinatorial nature of the GSM signal structure. Thus, the required memory size is squared to the number of transmit antennas. We further propose an efficient memory-bounded maximum likelihood (ML) search (EM-MLS) algorithm by jointly employing the proposed pruning strategy and the memory-bounded best-first algorithm. Theoretical and simulation results show that our proposed algorithm can achieve the optimal bit error rate (BER) performance, while its memory size can be bounded. Moreover, the expected time complexity decreases exponentially with increasing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as well as the system’s excess degree of freedom, and it often converges to squared time under practical scenarios. [less ▲]

Black-box Safety Analysis and Retraining of DNNs based on Feature Extraction and Clustering

in ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (2022)

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have demonstrated superior performance over classical machine learning to support many features in safety-critical systems. Although DNNs are now widely used in such systems (e ... [more ▼]

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have demonstrated superior performance over classical machine learning to support many features in safety-critical systems. Although DNNs are now widely used in such systems (e.g., self driving cars), there is limited progress regarding automated support for functional safety analysis in DNN-based systems. For example, the identification of root causes of errors, to enable both risk analysis and DNN retraining, remains an open problem. In this paper, we propose SAFE, a black-box approach to automatically characterize the root causes of DNN errors. SAFE relies on a transfer learning model pre-trained on ImageNet to extract the features from error-inducing images. It then applies a density-based clustering algorithm to detect arbitrary shaped clusters of images modeling plausible causes of error. Last, clusters are used to effectively retrain and improve the DNN. The black-box nature of SAFE is motivated by our objective not to require changes or even access to the DNN internals to facilitate adoption. Experimental results show the superior ability of SAFE in identifying different root causes of DNN errors based on case studies in the automotive domain. It also yields significant improvements in DNN accuracy after retraining, while saving significant execution time and memory when compared to alternatives. [less ▲]

Compte-rendu de l'ouvrage: Fake News & viralité avant Internet. Les lapins du Père- Lachaise et autres légendes médiatiques

in Temps des Medias: Revue d'Histoire (2022), 38

Recension de l'ouvrage : Roy Pinker, Fake News & viralité avant Internet. Les lapins du Père- Lachaise et autres légendes média- tiques, Paris, CNRS Éditions, 2020, 231 pages.

Le corpus hagiographique de Trèves au début du XVIe siècle. Enquête stylométrique et premiers résultats

in Bulletin du Centre d'Études Médiévales d'Auxerre (2022)

Determination of the angle of repose of hard metal granules

in Powder Technology (2022), 407

The angle of repose is a quantity that delivers direct information about the flowability of granular material. It is therefore desirable to have a reliable experimental method for its determination. Based ... [more ▼]

The angle of repose is a quantity that delivers direct information about the flowability of granular material. It is therefore desirable to have a reliable experimental method for its determination. Based on the well-established funnel method with continuous mass flow, an extension is introduced which allows increasing the precision and reproducibility of the angle of repose measurements. A modified experimental setup is presented which exploits asymmetries in the alignment of the mechanical setup to gain more precision in the determination of the angle of repose. This experimental setup is combined with an evaluation method based on automated image analysis. The first results for a set of metal powders are presented. [less ▲]

Is There a Need for a Directive on Pillar Two? A Few Normative Comments.

in Intertax, International Tax Review (2022), 50(6/7), 527-530

Poland’s request to link the entry into force of the Pillar 2 Directive to an international agreement on Pillar 1 raises fundamental questions about the European constitutional structure. Beyond the mere ... [more ▼]

Poland’s request to link the entry into force of the Pillar 2 Directive to an international agreement on Pillar 1 raises fundamental questions about the European constitutional structure. Beyond the mere legality of such a link, this contribution seeks to respond to some normative concerns related to the creation of such secondary legislation. [less ▲]

La représentation interculturelle du désastre nucléaire entre appropriation et écart : deux exemples luxembourgeois

in Relief: Revue Électronique de Littérature Française (2022), 16(1), 210226

In Luxembourg, nuclear power stations have been part of literary imaginary since the end of the 1970s. This imaginary is fueled by the opposition against two nuclear projects on the Moselle River, and by ... [more ▼]

In Luxembourg, nuclear power stations have been part of literary imaginary since the end of the 1970s. This imaginary is fueled by the opposition against two nuclear projects on the Moselle River, and by the major nuclear accidents which have marked recent human history over the last decades. From this context, this contribution seeks to bring to light the multiple links between ecology and nuclear power, and as a corollary between the two research fields, within the framework of literary and cultural studies, of ecocriticism and nuclear criticism. Based on the shared key problematics of the latter (temporality, geography, and subjectivity), the analysis of two francophone literary works published in Luxembourg then explores two seemingly diametrically opposed ways of describing the intercultural dimension of the nuclear disaster: one imagining cultural appropriation based on geographical relocalisation, the other highlighting the gap between the event and its perception. [less ▲]

Compte rendu : Andréas Pfersmann, La Littérature irradiée. Les essais nucléaires en Polynésie française au prisme de l’écriture, Marseille, la courte échelle. éditions transit, 2021. Suivi d’un extrait du livre de Pfersmann

in Relief: Revue Électronique de Littérature Française (2022), 16(1), 263276

Cross-Border Enforcement of Consumer Law: Looking to the Future

in United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (2022)

Between prudence and modernity : the transposition into French Law of Directive (EU) 2019/1023 on restructuring and insolvency

in European Insolvency and Restructuration Journal (2022), 4(2022),

Commercialisation en France d’un FIA non autorisé : un manquement à l’obligation d’agir dans l’intérêt des clients

in Banque et Droit (2022)

Politik im Museum und die Politik der Museen

in Forum für Politik, Gesellschaft und Kultur in Luxemburg (2022), (426), 62-65

Normal and Pathological NRF2 Signalling in the Central Nervous System

in Antioxidants (2022), 11(8), 1426

The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) was originally described as a master regulator of antioxidant cellular response, but in the time since, numerous important biological functions ... [more ▼]

The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) was originally described as a master regulator of antioxidant cellular response, but in the time since, numerous important biological functions linked to cell survival, cellular detoxification, metabolism, autophagy, proteostasis, inflammation, immunity, and differentiation have been attributed to this pleiotropic transcription factor that regulates hundreds of genes. After 40 years of in-depth research and key discoveries, NRF2 is now at the center of a vast regulatory network, revealing NRF2 signalling as increasingly complex. It is widely recognized that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a key role in human physiological and pathological processes such as ageing, obesity, diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. The high oxygen consumption associated with high levels of free iron and oxidizable unsaturated lipids make the brain particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress. A good stability of NRF2 activity is thus crucial to maintain the redox balance and therefore brain homeostasis. In this review, we have gathered recent data about the contribution of the NRF2 pathway in the healthy brain as well as during metabolic diseases, cancer, ageing, and ageing-related neurodegenerative diseases. We also discuss promising therapeutic strategies and the need for better understanding of cell-type-specific functions of NRF2 in these different fields. [less ▲]

Conseil en investissement pour des parts de FIA non autorisés à la commercialisation en France, note sous AMF déc. 25 mai 2022,

in Bulletin Joly Bourse (2022)

Analysis of Coke Particle Gasification in the Raceway of a Blast Furnace

in IFAC-PapersOnLine (2022), 55(20), 277-282

DigBug—Pre/post-processing operator selection for accurate bug localization

in Journal of Systems and Software (2022), 189

Bug localization is a recurrent maintenance task in software development. It aims at identifying relevant code locations (e.g., code files) that must be inspected to fix bugs. When such bugs are reported ... [more ▼]

Bug localization is a recurrent maintenance task in software development. It aims at identifying relevant code locations (e.g., code files) that must be inspected to fix bugs. When such bugs are reported by users, the localization process become often overwhelming as it is mostly a manual task due to incomplete and informal information (written in natural languages) available in bug reports. The research community has then invested in automated approaches, notably using Information Retrieval techniques. Unfortunately, reported performance in the literature is still limited for practical usage. Our key observation, after empirically investigating a large dataset of bug reports as well as workflow and results of state-of-the-art approaches, is that most approaches attempt localization for every bug report without considering the different characteristics of the bug reports. We propose DigBug as a straightforward approach to specialized bug localization. This approach selects pre/post-processing operators based on the attributes of bug reports; and the bug localization model is parameterized in accordance as well. Our experiments confirm that departing from “one-size-fits-all” approaches, DigBug outperforms the state-of-the-art techniques by 6 and 14 percentage points, respectively in terms of MAP and MRR on average. [less ▲]

Outage Performance of Satellite Terrestrial Full-DuplexRelaying Networks with Co-Channel Interference

in IEEE Wireless Communications Letters (2022), 11(7), 1478-1482

This letter investigates the performance of thesatellite-terrestrial networks (STN), where a satellite tries totransmit information to a ground user through the help of mul-tiple decode-and-forward relays ... [more ▼]

This letter investigates the performance of thesatellite-terrestrial networks (STN), where a satellite tries totransmit information to a ground user through the help of mul-tiple decode-and-forward relays and the existence of co-channelinterference sources. In particular, the full-duplex technique andpartial relay selection are applied at the relay to increase the totalthroughput at the destination, enhance the system reliability, andreduce the complexity. In this context, the outage probability (OP)is computed in a closed-form expression. Numerical results areprovided to confirm the accuracy of the proposed mathematicalframework. Our findings illustrate that the outage performancecan be effectively enhanced by increasing either number of relaysor transmit power. [less ▲]

Oncology and mechanics: landmark studies and promising clinical applications

in Advances in Applied Mechanics (2022), 55

Clinical management of cancer has continuously evolved for several decades. Biochemical, molecular and genomics approaches have brought and still bring numerous insights into cancerous diseases. It is now ... [more ▼]

Clinical management of cancer has continuously evolved for several decades. Biochemical, molecular and genomics approaches have brought and still bring numerous insights into cancerous diseases. It is now accepted that some phenomena, allowed by favorable biological conditions, emerge via mechanical signaling at the cellular scale and via mechanical forces at the macroscale. Mechanical phenomena in cancer have been studied in-depth over the last decades, and their clinical applications are starting to be understood. If numerous models and experimental setups have been proposed, only a few have led to clinical applications. The objective of this contribution is to propose to review a large scope of mechanical findings which have consequences on the clinical management of cancer. This review is mainly addressed to doctoral candidates in mechanics and applied mathematics who are faced with the challenge of the mechanics-based modeling of cancer with the aim of clinical applications. We show that the collaboration of the biological and mechanical approaches has led to promising advances in terms of modeling, experimental design and therapeutic targets. Additionally, a specific focus is brought on imaging-informed mechanics-based models, which we believe can further the development of new therapeutic targets and the advent of personalized medicine. We study in detail several successful workflows on patient-specific targeted therapies based on mechanistic modeling. [less ▲]

Performance Evaluation of Spectral Efficiency for Uplink and Downlink Multi-Cell Massive MIMO Systems

in Journal of Sensors (2022)

Massive multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) systems have become the most persuasive technology for 5G as it increased the energy efficiency gigantically as compared to other wireless communication ... [more ▼]

Massive multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) systems have become the most persuasive technology for 5G as it increased the energy efficiency gigantically as compared to other wireless communication systems. Being the most vibrant research technology in the communication sector, this research work is based on the optimal model development of energy-efficient massive MIMO systems. The proposed model is a realistic model that augmented the spectral efficiency (SE) of massive MIMO systems where a multi-cell model scenario is considered. Channel estimation is carried out at the base stations (BSs) based on uplink (UL) transmission while the minimum mean-squared error (MMSE), Element-wise MMSE, and Least-square (LS) estimators are used for the estimation. We analyze the achievable SE of the UL based on the MMSE channel estimator with different receive combining schemes. Moreover, the downlink (DL) transmission model is also modelled with different precoding schemes by taking the same vectors used in combining schemes. The simulation results show a significant improvement in spectral efficiency by developing UL and DL transmission models and also realized that the average sum of SE per cell can be improved by optimized MMSE channel estimation, installing multiple BS antennas, and serving multiple UEs per cell. The findings of this work specify that the massive MIMO system can be developed by optimizing the channel estimation for the augmentation of SE in UL and DL transmissions. Conclusively, it can be summarized that some complex computations of MMSE channel estimators can enhance the average sum of SE per cell as per the results verified in this model. [less ▲]

Critical research and entrepreneurship: A cross‐disciplinary conceptual typology

in International Journal of Management Reviews (2022)

Critical perspectives of entrepreneurship have gained increasing traction over the last two decades. The transformative potential of critical research resides in challenging some of entrepreneurship ... [more ▼]

Critical perspectives of entrepreneurship have gained increasing traction over the last two decades. The transformative potential of critical research resides in challenging some of entrepreneurship research’s epistemological, ontological and theoretical assumptions, with a view to offering a range of alternatives. Critical research in entrepreneurship has remained fragmented, however, due to its heterogeneous theoretical lineages and compartmentalized and niche interests. Addressing this situation, our objective is to intensify the space of critique in entrepreneurship research by offering a theoretically-informed typology that delineates different manifestations of ‘criticalness’. Our overarching contribution is to advance a typology distinguishing four ideal-types of critical entrepreneurship research based on its evaluative emphases (referred to as ‘valence’) and the meta-theoretical assumptions informing its critical operation (called ‘paradigmatic orientation’). By demonstrating the variegated political, ethical and ideological interests and preoccupations that critical studies serve within different management sub-disciplines, the typology provides a conceptual vocabulary for making sense of and synthesizing critical perspectives across scholarly boundaries. Also, it helps to reposition understandings of critique as gestures of negativity by stimulating a greater appreciation of the generative potential of critique and the theoretical and philosophical possibilities that this can bring to our scholarly community. [less ▲]

BIGDML—Towards accurate quantum machine learning force fields for materials

in Nature Communications (2022)

A model-based design of an onboard stereo vision system: obstacle motion estimation for cooperative automated vehicles

in SN Applied Sciences (2022), 4(7), 1-18

Changing attitudes towards female genital mutilation. From conflicts of loyalty to reconciliation with self and the community: The role of emotion regulation

in PLoS ONE (2022), 17(6), 0270088

The practice of female genital mutilation (FGM) is a social norm embedded in the patriarchal system and is resistant to change due to its roots in the tradition of the practising communities. Despite this ... [more ▼]

The practice of female genital mutilation (FGM) is a social norm embedded in the patriarchal system and is resistant to change due to its roots in the tradition of the practising communities. Despite this difficulty in change, some women succeed in changing their attitudes towards the practice. In trying to understand what makes these women change their attitudes, we identified in a previous study, the critical life events at which change occurs (turning point). These turning points were described with emotions and conflicting feelings based on which we hypothesised that emotion regulation and the resolution of conflicts of loyalty might be possible mechanisms that explain the change of attitudes by the women. In this article, we sought to investigate how the mechanisms interact and how they were at play to explain the change. We, therefore, triangulated our previous data, fifteen women interviewed twice, with the published life stories and public testimonies of 10 women with FGM, and interviews of six experts chosen for their complementary fields of expertise to discuss the emerging concepts and theory, generated by our study. The data were analysed using framework analysis and an element of the grounded theory approach (constant comparison). As a result of our theorisation process, we propose a model of change in five stages (Emotion suppression, The awakening, The clash, Re-appropriation of self, and Reconciliation). This describes the process of a woman’s journey from compliance with FGM and community norms to non-compliance. Our study reveals how the women whose stories were analysed, moved from being full members of their community at the cost of suppressing their emotions and denying their selves, to becoming their whole selves while symbolically remaining members of their communities through the forgiveness of their mothers. [less ▲]

Esch ville verte - Une expo autour du plan Stübben

in Tageblatt (2022)

Evaluating Technology-Enhanced, STEAM-Based Remote Teaching With Parental Support in Luxembourgish Early Childhood Education

in Frontiers in Education (2022), 7(872479), 1-12

During COVID-19 confinement, we observed numerous challenges in using educational technology in early childhood Science–Technology–Engineering–Arts–Mathematics (STEAM) education in Luxembourg. Thus, we ... [more ▼]

During COVID-19 confinement, we observed numerous challenges in using educational technology in early childhood Science–Technology–Engineering–Arts–Mathematics (STEAM) education in Luxembourg. Thus, we designed a conceptual framework on parent-assisted remote teaching with active uses of educational technology supported by cycles of design-based research. After a previous study utilizing computer-aided design (CAD) software and three-dimensional (3D) printing in primary education, we used our initial findings to work with 12 early childhood students (ages 4–6), together with their teachers and parents in the second remote teaching period in Luxembourg. We created a STEAM modeling task with CAD software on robots and collected data through chat responses, messageboards, and online communication channels during a 3-week period. Here, we observed new roles in the parent–child relationship while learning STEAM in remote teaching with technology, and new opportunities in using educational technology overall in early childhood education. In this article, we have described findings that are likely to influence students’ learning and parent-assisted teaching, in particular parents and students’ perceptions and motivations, together with the way in which parents provide technical knowledge and support in remote early childhood STEAM education. [less ▲]

Teachers misunderstanding of translanguaging in preschools

in OASIS (2022)

Young multilingual children translanguage naturally. They use their linguistic and non-linguistic repertoire to express themselves, but also to make meaning of school environment and learn. When ... [more ▼]

Young multilingual children translanguage naturally. They use their linguistic and non-linguistic repertoire to express themselves, but also to make meaning of school environment and learn. When multilingual children come to a school where they do not understand the language of instruction, they are confronted with learning difficulties, which influences both their school progress and well-being. Translanguaging pedagogy helps teachers to create a space in which multilingual children can make meaning, feel well, and learn. By using this pedagogy, teachers support children’s multilingualism, which they see as a resource, and design inclusive activities accordingly. In this study, 40 Luxembourgian preschool teachers followed a professional development course in translanguaging pedagogy over six months. After the course, the researchers filmed teachers’ translanguaging activities with children. Three foci teachers designed an activity in which they invited three Portuguese and one Serbian child to choose the flag of their countries. However, all four children said that they speak Luxembourgish and thus wanted to choose the Luxembourgish flag. The teachers insisted that the children should choose Portuguese and Serbian flags, explaining that it is not possible for them to speak Luxembourgish. The children were confused and their body language showed their silencing, diminishing and shutting down. This scene showed not only that teachers misunderstood translanguaging, which they saw as multiple languages attached with nation states and flags, but they also, despite their good intentions, showed raciolinguistic ideologies, harmful for children in question. [less ▲]

We need a broader debate on the sustainability of blockchain

in Joule (2022), 6(6), 1137-1141

Economic insecurity, racial anxiety, and right-wing populism

in Review of Income and Wealth (2022)

Neural network learning defines glioblastoma features to be of neural crest perivascular or radial glia lineages

in Science Advances (2022)

The dynamics of achievement inequalities: the role of performance and choice in Chile

in International Journal of Educational Development (2022), 92(C),

Research on education inequalities has long established the relationship between the social composition of schools and achievement levels. However, the empirical study of the social processes in choosing ... [more ▼]

Research on education inequalities has long established the relationship between the social composition of schools and achievement levels. However, the empirical study of the social processes in choosing schools and their potential effects on achievement inequalities has often been neglected. This article investigates the extent to which such social processes, related to parents’ educational preferences and expectations, influence the development of students’ achievement throughout their schooling career, as a channel of transmission of social inequality. Using longitudinal census data from Chile, which allows us to observe students’ achievements between the 4th and 10th grades, we find support for the claim that the development of achievement inequalities operate partly through well-off parents’ educational preferences and expectations. Moreover, these preferences and beliefs explain most of the social composition effect of schools on achievement inequalities. We conclude that choice processes should be considered as an integral part of theories aimed to explain achievement inequalities as a dynamic process. [less ▲]

Tussen New York en Genève: VN-Kroniek

in Nederlands Tijdschrift voor de Mensenrechten (2022), 47(2),

Deze kroniek informeert over ontwikkelingen met betrekking tot de mensenrechten in de diverse organen van de Verenigde Naties. Daarbij komen zowel de politieke mechanismen (onder meer de Algemene ... [more ▼]

Deze kroniek informeert over ontwikkelingen met betrekking tot de mensenrechten in de diverse organen van de Verenigde Naties. Daarbij komen zowel de politieke mechanismen (onder meer de Algemene Vergadering en de Mensenrechtenraad) aan de orde, als de diverse verdragscomités. [less ▲]

Light Control over Chirality Selective Functionalization of Substrate Supported Carbon Nanotubes

in Journal of Physical Chemistry. C, Nanomaterials and interfaces (2022), 126(23), 9803-9812

Diazonium reactions with carbon nanotubes form optical sp3 defects that can be used in optical and electrical circuits. We investigate a direct on-device reaction supported by confined laser irradiation ... [more ▼]

Diazonium reactions with carbon nanotubes form optical sp3 defects that can be used in optical and electrical circuits. We investigate a direct on-device reaction supported by confined laser irradiation and present a technique where an arbitrary carbon nanotube can be preferentially functionalized within a device by matching the light frequency with its transition energy. An exemplary reaction was carried out between (9,7) nanotube and 4-bromobenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate. The substrate supported nanotubes of multiple semiconducting chiralities were locally exposed to laser light while monitoring the reaction kinetics in situ via Raman spectroscopy. The chiral selectivity of the reaction was confirmed by resonant Raman spectroscopy, reporting a 10 meV E22 transition energy red-shift only of the targeted species. We further demonstrated this method on a single tube (9,7) electroluminescent device and show a 25 meV red-shifted emission of the ground state E11 compared to the emission from the pristine tubes. [less ▲]

Introduction

in Critical Survey (2022), 34(2), 1-9

Can coupons counteract strategic consumer behavior?

in Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management (2022), 21(3), 262-273

In multi-period environments, the presence of strategic consumers induces monopolist retailers to inter-temporally compete with themselves. Targeting consumers with price-discount coupons is a proposed ... [more ▼]

In multi-period environments, the presence of strategic consumers induces monopolist retailers to inter-temporally compete with themselves. Targeting consumers with price-discount coupons is a proposed mechanism to overcome this inter-temporal competition. Targeting consumers with coupons can counteract strategic consumer behavior, but this mechanism cannot completely eradicate the negative implications imposed by the presence of such consumers. Additionally, the quality of information available (regarding the consumers’ valuations) may play an important role in the targeting decisions. Specifically, we illustrate how the retailer may absent completely from targeting efforts when the quality of information and the proportion of strategic consumers are sufficiently low. Lastly, we consider the optimal investment in information solicitation, demonstrating the trade-off between a low investment, which result in low quality of targeting capability, and a high investment which improves the effectiveness of the targeting efforts. [less ▲]

Adaptive model to increase resilience for emerging supply chains within the circular economs - 'Zirkelmesser' an innovative case study

in Procedia CIRP (2022)

Variations in quantities, qualities and time availability of input materials pose a major risk to circular supply chains (CSC) and require new models for creating and evaluating adaptive and resilient CSC ... [more ▼]

Variations in quantities, qualities and time availability of input materials pose a major risk to circular supply chains (CSC) and require new models for creating and evaluating adaptive and resilient CSC in the circular economy (CE). This can be achieved by consistently modelling the overarching relationship between resource input- and output streams, without neglecting the associated risks. The model proposed below consists of five components which are based on five resilience requirements for SCs and provides a data-based recommended course of action for managers at a low entry-barrier. It consists of a CSC visualization, a safety stock calculation, a risk monitoring for each SC node, a reporting logic, and a measurement catalogue. The inspiration for this model came from an innovative case study (“Zirkelmesser”) in the metal processing industry in which secondary products and materials are used to produce new products. Here, the problem of maintaining the resource supply arose and led to resilience issues. The mentioned case study is used as an application example for the model application and helps to make emerging circular supply chains predictable and better manageable, thus increasing their resilience. [less ▲]

An uncertain future for EU-Level Collective Bargaining: the new rules of the game after EPSU

in Industrial Law Journal (2022), 51(2), 318-345

The General Court of the European Union (GCEU) in EPSU and Goudriaan vs. Commission and the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) in the subsequent appeal judgment reached an identical conclusion ... [more ▼]

The General Court of the European Union (GCEU) in EPSU and Goudriaan vs. Commission and the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) in the subsequent appeal judgment reached an identical conclusion on a key aspect of the system of EU level collective bargaining. The Courts held that Article 155(2) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) does not impose any obligation on the European Commission to send a social partner agreement to the Council. This is in line with the Commission’s recent interpretation of Article 155(2) TFEU that subordinates the implementation of the European agreements to a positive assessment of their appropriateness. This article critically assesses the GCEU and CJEU rulings in EPSU and argues that they confirm a major break with the praxis of European collective bargaining that will have negative consequences for the social partners’ autonomy and role in the EU. In order to better understand this break, the article examines how and when the Commission changed its approach to European social dialogue, resulting in the new interpretation of Article 155(2) TFEU, and proposes a hypothesis to understand why. The article concludes by describing the consequences of the new reading of Article 155(2) TFEU for the idea of collective autonomy in EU law as well as for the practice of EU level social dialogue and collective bargaining. [less ▲]

Estimating Probabilistic Safe WCET Ranges of Real-Time Systems at Design Stages

in ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (2022)

Estimating worst-case execution times (WCET) is an important activity at early design stages of real-time systems. Based on WCET estimates, engineers make design and implementation decisions to ensure ... [more ▼]

Estimating worst-case execution times (WCET) is an important activity at early design stages of real-time systems. Based on WCET estimates, engineers make design and implementation decisions to ensure that task execution always complete before their specified deadlines. However, in practice, engineers often cannot provide precise point WCET estimates and prefer to provide plausible WCET ranges. Given a set of real-time tasks with such ranges, we provide an automated technique to determine for what WCET values the system is likely to meet its deadlines, and hence operate safely with a probabilistic guarantee. Our approach combines a search algorithm for generating worst-case scheduling scenarios with polynomial logistic regression for inferring probabilistic safe WCET ranges. We evaluated our approach by applying it to three industrial systems from different domains and several synthetic systems. Our approach efficiently and accurately estimates probabilistic safe WCET ranges within which deadlines are likely to be satisfied with a high degree of confidence. [less ▲]

Tracing the Expansive Effect of the GDPR in the Third Countries. The Cases of Russia, Ukraine and China

in Peace Human Rights Governance (2022), 6(1), 79-96

This research aims at analyzing the “expansive effect” of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in three non-EU case countries, i.e. Russia, Ukraine and China, to understand how the GDPR ... [more ▼]

This research aims at analyzing the “expansive effect” of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in three non-EU case countries, i.e. Russia, Ukraine and China, to understand how the GDPR provisions affect, or are affected by, the interaction with three non-EU legal systems. The recently adopted GDPR, being a set of comprehensive data processing rules and penalties for violating data protection regulations, has set a very high standard for the other states in developing their own data protection regulations, but at the same time, the GDPR has brought about a wide range of compliance challenges. Due to the extraterritorial character of the General Data Protection Regulation, these challenges regard not only the EU member states but also any organisations around the world engaged in professional or commercial relations with the European Union. Therefore, there is a gap in understanding the interplay between the newly-built European data protection system and the legal systems outside the EU, which this research seeks to cover. [less ▲]

A Family of Hybrid Federated and CentralizedLearning Architectures in Machine Learning

in IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking (2022)

Many of the machine learning tasks focus on cen-tralized learning (CL), which requires the transmission of localdatasets from the clients to a parameter server (PS) entailing hugecommunication overhead ... [more ▼]

Many of the machine learning tasks focus on cen-tralized learning (CL), which requires the transmission of localdatasets from the clients to a parameter server (PS) entailing hugecommunication overhead. To overcome this, federated learning(FL) has been a promising tool, wherein the clients send only themodel updates to the PS instead of the whole dataset. However,FL demands powerful computational resources from the clients.Therefore, not all the clients can participate in training if they donot have enough computational resources. To address this issue,we introduce a more practical approach called hybrid federatedand centralized learning (HFCL), wherein only the clients withsufficient resources employ FL, while the remaining ones sendtheir datasets to the PS, which computes the model on behalf ofthem. Then, the model parameters corresponding to all clientsare aggregated at the PS. To improve the efficiency of datasettransmission, we propose two different techniques: increasedcomputation-per-client and sequential data transmission. TheHFCL frameworks outperform FL with up to20%improvementin the learning accuracy when only half of the clients perform FLwhile having50%less communication overhead than CL since allthe clients collaborate on the learning process with their datasets. [less ▲]

Achievement motivation in students' everyday lives: Its relationship to momentary positive and negative activation and the moderating role of mindfulness

in Learning and Individual Differences (2022), 97

In achievement motive theory, need for achievement is conceptualized as an explanatory variable that triggers certain experiences and behaviors spontaneously. Experience sampling should therefore be an ... [more ▼]

In achievement motive theory, need for achievement is conceptualized as an explanatory variable that triggers certain experiences and behaviors spontaneously. Experience sampling should therefore be an ideal approach for capturing such motive-specific affective contingencies. However, given that not all students seem to be aware of their underlying motives, the link between self-reported need for achievement and daily experiences may depend on their mindfulness level. In a sample of university students (N = 107), self-reported fear of failure predicted momentary negative activation across activity contexts in everyday life. In addition, hope of success predicted positive activation in more mindful students and in nonroutine situations (e.g., studying, working, or leisure time). Together, these findings are a first step toward illuminating the phenomenological and excitatory nature of need for achievement in students' everyday lives and illustrate the necessity of noticing motive-specific cues in order to integrate them into the explicit motivational self-concept. [less ▲]

Privacy and Transparency in CBDCs: A Regulation-by-Design AML/CFT Scheme

in IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management (2022), 19(2), 1776--1788

Central banks and governments all over the world are increasingly exploring digital versions of fiat money, known as retail Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs). Most initiatives rely on Distributed ... [more ▼]

Central banks and governments all over the world are increasingly exploring digital versions of fiat money, known as retail Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs). Most initiatives rely on Distributed Ledger Technologies and are presented as alternatives to physical cash. Consequently, anonymity-related regulatory questions have naturally started to arise in terms of Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorist Financing compliance. Against this backdrop, this paper provides a techno-legal taxonomy of approaches to balance privacy and transparency in CBDCs without thwarting accountability, but it also underlines cross-sectoral impacts. The contribution heeds regulation-by-design as its core methodological foundation, with Privacy-Enhancing Technologies as the relevant use case. Thus, it highlights that not only technology aids legal purposes, but also that some regulatory requirements ought to be designed into technology for one to reach agreed-upon results and/or standards. [less ▲]

GBA-associated PD: chances and obstacles for targeted treatment strategies.

in Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) (2022), 129(9), 1219-1233

Given the clear role of GBA in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) and its impact on phenotypical characteristics, this review provides an overview of the current knowledge of GBA-associated PD ... [more ▼]

Given the clear role of GBA in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) and its impact on phenotypical characteristics, this review provides an overview of the current knowledge of GBA-associated PD with a special focus on clinical trajectories and the underlying pathological mechanisms. Importantly, differences and characteristics based on mutation severity are recognized, and current as well as potential future treatment options are discussed. These findings will inform future strategies for patient stratification and cohort enrichment as well as suitable outcome measures when designing clinical trials. [less ▲]

On the use of commit-relevant mutants

in Empirical Software Engineering (2022), 27

Applying mutation testing to test subtle program changes, such as program patches or other small-scale code modifications, requires using mutants that capture the delta of the altered behaviours. To ... [more ▼]

Applying mutation testing to test subtle program changes, such as program patches or other small-scale code modifications, requires using mutants that capture the delta of the altered behaviours. To address this issue, we introduce the concept of commit-relevant mutants, which are the mutants that interact with the behaviours of the system affected by a particular commit. Therefore, commit-aware mutation testing, is a test assessment metric tailored to a specific commit. By analysing 83 commits from 25 projects involving 2,253,610 mutants in both C and Java, we identify the commit-relevant mutants and explore their relationship with other categories of mutants. Our results show that commit-relevant mutants represent a small subset of all mutants, which differs from the other classes of mutants (subsuming and hard-to-kill), and that the commit-relevant mutation score is weakly correlated with the traditional mutation score (Kendall/Pearson 0.15-0.4). Moreover, commit-aware mutation analysis provides insights about the testing of a commit, which can be more efficient than the classical mutation analysis; in our experiments, by analysing the same number of mutants, commit-aware mutants have better fault-revelation potential (30% higher chances of revealing commit-introducing faults) than traditional mutants. We also illustrate a possible application of commit-aware mutation testing as a metric to evaluate test case prioritisation. [less ▲]

Disentangled Face Identity Representationsfor Joint 3D Face Recognition and Neutralisation

in 2022 8th International Conference on Virtual Reality (2022)

In this paper, we propose a new deep learning based approach for disentangling face identity representations from expressive 3D faces. Given a 3D face, our approach not only extracts a disentangled ... [more ▼]

In this paper, we propose a new deep learning based approach for disentangling face identity representations from expressive 3D faces. Given a 3D face, our approach not only extracts a disentangled identity representation, but also generates a realistic 3D face with a neutral expression while predicting its identity. The proposed network consists of three components; (1) a Graph Convolutional Autoencoder (GCA) to encode the 3D faces into latent representations, (2) a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) that translates the latent representations of expressive faces into those of neutral faces, (3) and an identity recognition sub-network taking advantage of the neutralized latent representations for 3D face recognition. The whole network is trained in an end-to-end manner. Experiments are conducted on three publicly available datasets showing the effectiveness of the proposed approach. [less ▲]