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See detailUnderstanding the evolution of a scientific field by clustering and visualizing knowledge graphs
Dalle Lucca Tosi, Mauro UL; dos Reis, Julio Cesar

in Journal of Information Science (2022), 48(1), 71--89

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See detailLa qualité pour agir dans l’intérêt collectif
Menetrey, Séverine UL

in Revue Critique de Jurisprudence Belge (2022)

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See detailMorphological principles of neuronal mitochondria
Mendelsohn, Rachel; Garcia, Guadalupe C.; Bartol, Thomas M. et al

in Journal of Comparative Neurology (2022), 530(6), 886--902

In the highly dynamic metabolic landscape of a neuron, mitochondrial membrane architectures can provide critical insight into the unique energy balance of the cell. Current theoretical calculations of ... [more ▼]

In the highly dynamic metabolic landscape of a neuron, mitochondrial membrane architectures can provide critical insight into the unique energy balance of the cell. Current theoretical calculations of functional outputs like adenosine triphosphate and heat often represent mitochondria as idealized geometries, and therefore, can miscalculate the metabolic fluxes. To analyze mitochondrial morphology in neurons of mouse cerebellum neuropil, 3D tracings of complete synaptic and axonal mitochondria were constructed using a database of serial transmission electron microscopy (TEM) tomography images and converted to watertight meshes with minimal distortion of the original microscopy volumes with a granularity of 1.64 nanometer isotropic voxels. The resulting in-silico representations were subsequently quantified by differential geometry methods in terms of the mean and Gaussian curvatures, surface areas, volumes, and membrane motifs, all of which can alter the metabolic output of the organelle. Finally, we identify structural motifs present across this population of mitochondria, which may contribute to future modeling studies of mitochondrial physiology and metabolism in neurons. [less ▲]

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See detailThe multivariate functional de Jong CLT
Döbler, Christian; Kasprzak, Mikolaj UL; Peccati, Giovanni UL

in Probability Theory and Related Fields (2022), 184(1), 367-399

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See detailDark solitons in a trapped gas of long-range interacting bosons
Beau, M.; Del Campo Echevarria, Adolfo UL; Frantzeskakis, D. J. et al

in Physical Review (2022)

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See detailStress hormone signalling inhibits Th1 polarization in a CD4 T-cell-intrinsic manner via mTORC1 and the circadian gene PER1
Capelle, Christophe M.; Chen, Anna; Zeng, Ni et al

in Immunology (2022), 165(4), 428--444

Stress hormones are believed to skew the CD4 T-cell differentiation towards a Th2 response via a T-cell-extrinsic mechanism. Using isolated primary human naïve and memory CD4 T cells, here we show that ... [more ▼]

Stress hormones are believed to skew the CD4 T-cell differentiation towards a Th2 response via a T-cell-extrinsic mechanism. Using isolated primary human naïve and memory CD4 T cells, here we show that both adrenergic- and glucocorticoid-mediated stress signalling pathways play a CD4 naïve T-cell-intrinsic role in regulating the Th1/Th2 differentiation balance. Both stress hormones reduced the Th1 programme and cytokine production by inhibiting mTORC1 signalling via two parallel mechanisms. Stress hormone signalling inhibited mTORC1 in naïve CD4 T cells (1) by affecting the PI3K/AKT pathway and (2) by regulating the expression of the circadian rhythm gene, period circadian regulator 1 (PER1). Both stress hormones induced the expression of PER1, which inhibited mTORC1 signalling, thus reducing Th1 differentiation. This previously unrecognized cell-autonomous mechanism connects stress hormone signalling with CD4 T-cell differentiation via mTORC1 and a specific circadian clock gene, namely PER1. [less ▲]

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See detailTHE SIMPLE SEPARATING SYSTOLE FOR HYPERBOLIC SURFACES OF LARGE GENUS
Parlier, Hugo UL; Wu, Yunhui; Xue, Yuhao

in J. Inst. Math. Jussieu (2022), 21(6), 2205--2214

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See detailExploring the soil: Not a sentimental journey
Peleman, David UL; Ronner, Elsbeth; Barcelloni-Corte, Martina et al

in OASE: Tijdschrift voor Architectuur (2022), (110), 4-15

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See detailDie Welt vor dem Verschleiss schützen
Hertweck, Florian UL; Caye, Pierre; Panos, Mantziaras

in Arch + (2022), 250

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See detailIn-Work poverty in the EU - EU Law Live Special Issue (II)
Ratti, Luca UL; Garcia Munoz Alhambra, Manuel Antonio UL

in EU Law Live - Weekend Edition (2022)

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See detailTest case selection and prioritization using machine learning: a systematic literature review
Pan, Rongqi; Bagherzadeh, Mojtaba; Ghaleb, Taher et al

in Empirical Software Engineering (2022), 27

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See detailGiant Thermal Transport Tuning at a Metal/Ferroelectric Interface
Zang, Yipeng; Iñiguez, Jorge UL; Pan, Xiaoqing et al

in Advanced Materials (2022), 34

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See detailExtraction of chemical structures from literature and patent documents using open access chemistry toolkits: a case study with PFAS
Barnabas, Shadrack J.; Böhme, Timo; Boyer, Stephen K. et al

in Digital Discovery (2022)

Extracting PFAS with open source cheminformatics toolkits reveals ~1.78 million PFAS in Google Patents, ~28 K in the CORE literature repository. The extraction of chemical information from documents is a ... [more ▼]

Extracting PFAS with open source cheminformatics toolkits reveals ~1.78 million PFAS in Google Patents, ~28 K in the CORE literature repository. The extraction of chemical information from documents is a demanding task in cheminformatics due to the variety of text and image-based representations of chemistry. The present work describes the extraction of chemical compounds with unique chemical structures from the open access CORE (COnnecting REpositories) and Google Patents full text document repositories. The importance of structure normalization is demonstrated using three open access cheminformatics toolkits: the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK), RDKit and OpenChemLib (OCL). Each toolkit was used for structure parsing, normalization and subsequent substructure searching, using SMILES as structure representations of chemical molecules and International Chemical Identifiers (InChIs) for comparison. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) were chosen as a case study to perform the substructure search, due to their high environmental relevance, their presence in both literature and patent corpuses, and the current lack of community consensus on their definition. Three different structural definitions of PFAS were chosen to highlight the implications of various definitions from a cheminformatics perspective. Since CDK, RDKit and OCL implement different criteria and methods for SMILES parsing and normalization, different numbers of parsed compounds were extracted, which were then evaluated using the three PFAS definitions. A comparison of these toolkits and definitions is provided, along with a discussion of the implications for PFAS screening and text mining efforts in cheminformatics. Finally, the extracted PFAS (~1.7 M PFAS from patents and ~27 K from CORE) were compared against various existing PFAS lists and are provided in various formats for further community research efforts. [less ▲]

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See detailKibble-Zurek mechanism for nonequilibrium phase transitions in driven systems with quenched disorder
Reichhardt, C. J. O.; Del Campo Echevarria, Adolfo UL; Reichhardt, C.

in Communications Physics (2022)

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See detailWidely Distributed Radar Imaging: Unmediated ADMM Based Approach
Murtada, Ahmed Abdelnaser Elsayed UL; Hu, Ruizhi UL; Mysore Rama Rao, Bhavani Shankar UL et al

in IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing (2022)

This paper presents a novel approach to reconstruct a unique image of an observed scene via synthetic apertures (SA) generated by employing widely distributed radar sensors. The problem is posed as a ... [more ▼]

This paper presents a novel approach to reconstruct a unique image of an observed scene via synthetic apertures (SA) generated by employing widely distributed radar sensors. The problem is posed as a constrained optimization problem in which the global image which represents the aggregate view of the sensors is a decision variable. While the problem is designed to promote a sparse solution for the global image, it is constrained such that a relationship with local images that can be reconstructed using the measurements at each sensor is respected. Two problem formulations are introduced by stipulating two different establishments of that relationship. The proposed formulations are designed according to consensus ADMM (CADMM) and sharing ADMM (SADMM), and their solutions are provided accordingly as iterative algorithms. We drive the explicit variable updates for each algorithm in addition to the recommended scheme for hybrid parallel implementation on the distributed sensors and a central processing unit. Our algorithms are validated and their performance is evaluated by exploiting the Civilian Vehicles Dome dataset to realize different scenarios of practical relevance. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms, especially in cases with limited measurements. [less ▲]

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See detailWoran forschen Sie?
Uhrmacher, Martin UL

in Forum für Politik, Gesellschaft und Kultur in Luxemburg (2022), 423

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See detailModular forms of degree 2 and curves of genus 2 in characteristic 2
van der Geer, Gerard UL; Cléry, Fabien

in International Mathematics Research Notices (2022)

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See detailCOVID-19 and the global venture capital landscape
Bellavitis, Cristiano; Fisch, Christian UL; McNaughton, Rod

in Small Business Economics (2022), 59(3), 781-805

We assess the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on venture capital (VC) investments, documenting a significant decline in investments using a dataset of 39,527 funding rounds occurring before and during the ... [more ▼]

We assess the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on venture capital (VC) investments, documenting a significant decline in investments using a dataset of 39,527 funding rounds occurring before and during the pandemic in 130 countries. In line with our theoretical considerations, we show that this decline is more pronounced for investments characterized by higher uncertainty, namely investments in seed-stage ventures, industries affected more heavily by the COVID-19 crisis, international investments, and non-syndicated investments. Investor prominence partially moderates these effects. [less ▲]

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See detailNo Ensemble Averaging Below the Black Hole Threshold
Schlenker, Jean-Marc UL; Witten, Edward

in Journal of High Energy Physics (2022), 7

In the AdS/CFT correspondence, amplitudes associated to connected bulk manifolds with disconnected boundaries have presented a longstanding mystery. A possible interpretation is that they reflect the ... [more ▼]

In the AdS/CFT correspondence, amplitudes associated to connected bulk manifolds with disconnected boundaries have presented a longstanding mystery. A possible interpretation is that they reflect the effects of averaging over an ensemble of boundary theories. But in examples in dimension D≥3, an appropriate ensemble of boundary theories does not exist. Here we sharpen the puzzle by identifying a class of "sub-threshold" observables that we claim do not show effects of ensemble averaging. These are amplitudes that do not involve black hole states. To support our claim, we explore the example of D=3, and show that connected solutions of Einstein's equations with disconnected boundary never contribute to sub-threshold observables. To demonstrate this requires some novel results about the renormalized volume of a hyperbolic three-manifold, which we prove using modern methods in hyperbolic geometry. Why then do any observables show apparent ensemble averaging? We propose that this reflects the chaotic nature of black hole physics and the fact that the Hilbert space describing a black hole does not have a large N limit. [less ▲]

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See detailSupply chain design for industrial additive manufacturing
Friedich, Anne; Lange, Anne UL; Elbert, Ralf

in International Journal of Operations and Production Management (2022)

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See detailMicroglia phenotypes are associated with subregional patterns of concomitant tau, amyloid-β and α-synuclein pathologies in the hippocampus of patients with Alzheimer’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies
Fixemer, Sonja UL; Ameli, Corrado UL; Hammer, Gaël et al

in Acta Neuropathologica Communications (2022), 10(1), 36

The cellular alterations of the hippocampus lead to memory decline, a shared symptom between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) patients. However, the subregional deterioration ... [more ▼]

The cellular alterations of the hippocampus lead to memory decline, a shared symptom between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) patients. However, the subregional deterioration pattern of the hippocampus differs between AD and DLB with the CA1 subfield being more severely affected in AD. The activation of microglia, the brain immune cells, could play a role in its selective volume loss. How subregional microglia populations vary within AD or DLB and across these conditions remains poorly understood. Furthermore, how the nature of the hippocampal local pathological imprint is associated with microglia responses needs to be elucidated. To this purpose, we employed an automated pipeline for analysis of 3D confocal microscopy images to assess CA1, CA3 and DG/CA4 subfields microglia responses in post-mortem hippocampal samples from late-onset AD (n = 10), DLB (n = 8) and age-matched control (CTL) (n = 11) individuals. In parallel, we performed volumetric analyses of hyperphosphorylated tau (pTau), amyloid-β (Aβ) and phosphorylated α-synuclein (pSyn) loads. For each of the 32,447 extracted microglia, 16 morphological features were measured to classify them into seven distinct morphological clusters. Our results show similar alterations of microglial morphological features and clusters in AD and DLB, but with more prominent changes in AD. We identified two distinct microglia clusters enriched in disease conditions and particularly increased in CA1 and DG/CA4 of AD and CA3 of DLB. Our study confirms frequent concomitance of pTau, Aβ and pSyn loads across AD and DLB but reveals a specific subregional pattern for each type of pathology, along with a generally increased severity in AD. Furthermore, pTau and pSyn loads were highly correlated across subregions and conditions. We uncovered tight associations between microglial changes and the subfield pathological imprint. Our findings suggest that combinations and severity of subregional pTau, Aβ and pSyn pathologies transform local microglia phenotypic composition in the hippocampus. The high burdens of pTau and pSyn associated with increased microglial alterations could be a factor in CA1 vulnerability in AD. [less ▲]

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See detailUser Scheduling and Power Allocation for Precoded Multi-Beam High Throughput Satellite Systems With Individual Quality of Service Constraints
Chien, Trinh-Van; Lagunas, Eva UL; Ta, Tung Hai et al

in IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology (2022)

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See detailIntroduction
Steveker, Lena UL; Frenk, Joachim

in Journal for the Study of British Cultures (2022), 29(1), 7-18

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See detailFirst-principles Landau-like potential for BiFeO3 and related materials
Fedorova, N.S.; Iñiguez, Jorge UL; et al.

in Physical Review. B (2022)

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See detailCommunity-driven ELIXIR activities in single-cell omics [version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review]
Czarnewski, P.; Mahfouz, Ahmed; Calogero, R. A. et al

in F1000Research (2022), 11(869),

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See detailThe Law of Evidence and Labelled Deduction: Ten Years Later
Woods, John G.; Gabbay, Dov M. UL

in Journal of Applied Logic (2022), 9(4), 887-956

The purpose of this position paper is to reveal, through examples, the potential for collaboration between the theory of legal reasoning on the one hand, and some recently developed instruments of formal ... [more ▼]

The purpose of this position paper is to reveal, through examples, the potential for collaboration between the theory of legal reasoning on the one hand, and some recently developed instruments of formal logic. Three zones of contact are highlighted. 1. The law of evidence, in the light of labelled deductive systems (LDSs), discussed through the example of the admissibility of hearsay evidence. 2. The give and take of legal debate in general, and regarding the acceptability of evidence in particular, represented using the abstract systems of argumentation developed in logic, notably the coloured graphs of BenchCapon. This is considered through an imaginary example. 3. The use of Bayesian networks as tools for analysing the effects of uncertainty on the legal status of actions, illustrated via the same example These three kinds of technique do not exclude each other. On the contrary, many cases of legal argument will need the combined resources of all three. [less ▲]

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See detailQuantum collisional thermostats
Tabanera, Jorge; Luque, In Ifmmode Acutee Elseé Fis; Jacob, Samuel L. et al

in New J. Phys. (2022), 24(2), 023018

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See detailFree-energy transduction in chemical reaction networks: From enzymes to metabolism
Wachtel, Artur; Rao, Riccardo; Esposito, Massimiliano UL

in J. Chem. Phys. (2022), 157(2), 024109

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See detailQuantum scattering as a work source
Jacob, Samuel L.; Esposito, Massimiliano UL; Parrondo, Juan M. R. et al

in Quantum (2022), 6

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See detailEffective attributed network embedding with information behavior extraction
Hu, Ganglin; Pang, Jun UL; Mo, Xian

in PeerJ Computer Science (2022), 8

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See detailCollaborative Cache-Aided Relaying Networks: Performance Evaluation and System Optimization
Tang, Shunpu; He, Ke UL; Chen, Lunyuan et al

in IEEE Journal on Selected Areas In Communications (2022)

This paper studies a multi-tier cache-aided relaying network, where the destination D is randomly located in the network and it requests files from the source S through the help of cache-aided base ... [more ▼]

This paper studies a multi-tier cache-aided relaying network, where the destination D is randomly located in the network and it requests files from the source S through the help of cache-aided base station (BS) and N relays. In this system, the multi-tier architecture imposes a significant impact on the system collaborative caching and file delivery, which brings a big challenge to the system performance evaluation and optimization. To address this problem, we first evaluate the system performance by deriving analytical outage probability expression, through fully taking into account the random location of the destination and different file delivery modes related to the file caching status. We then perform the asymptotic analysis on the system outage probability when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is high, to enclose some important and meaningful insights on the network. We further optimize the caching strategies among the relays and BS, to improve the network outage probability. Simulations are performed to show the effectiveness of the derived analytical and asymptotic outage probability for the proposed caching strategy. In particular, the proposed caching is superior to the conventional caching strategies such as the most popular content (MPC) and equal probability caching (EPC) strategies. [less ▲]

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See detailBody-First Subtype of Parkinson's Disease with Probable REM-Sleep Behavior Disorder Is Associated with Non-Motor Dominant Phenotype
Pavelka, Lukas; Rauschenberger, Armin UL; Landoulsi, Zied UL et al

in Journal of Parkinson's Disease (2022)

Background: The hypothesis of body-first vs. brain-first subtype of PD has been proposed with REM-Sleep behavior disorder (RBD) defining the former. The body-first PD presumes an involvement of the ... [more ▼]

Background: The hypothesis of body-first vs. brain-first subtype of PD has been proposed with REM-Sleep behavior disorder (RBD) defining the former. The body-first PD presumes an involvement of the brainstem in the pathogenic process with higher burden of autonomic dysfunction. Objective: To identify distinctive clinical subtypes of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (iPD) in line with the formerly proposed concept of body-first vs. brain-first subtypes in PD, we analyzed the presence of probable RBD (pRBD), sex, and the APOE ɛ4 carrier status as potential sub-group stratifiers. Methods: A total of 400 iPD patients were included in the cross-sectional analysis from the baseline dataset with a completed RBD Screening Questionnaire (RBDSQ) for classifying as pRBD by using the cut-off RBDSQ≥6. Multiple regression models were applied to explore (i) the effect of pRBD on clinical outcomes adjusted for disease duration and age, (ii) the effect of sex on pRBD, and (iii) the association of APOE ɛ4 and pRBD. Results: iPD-pRBD was significantly associated with autonomic dysfunction (SCOPA-AUT), level of depressive symptoms (BDI-I), MDS-UPDRS I, hallucinations, and constipation, whereas significantly negatively associated with quality of life (PDQ-39) and sleep (PDSS). No significant association between sex and pRBD or APOE ɛ4 and pRBD in iPD was found nor did we determine a significant effect of APOE ɛ4 on the PD phenotype. Conclusion: We identified an RBD-specific PD endophenotype, characterized by predominant autonomic dysfunction, hallucinations, and depression, corroborating the concept of a distinctive body-first subtype of PD. We did not observe a significant association between APOE ɛ4 and pRBD suggesting both factors having an independent effect on cognitive decline in iPD. [less ▲]

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See detailModeling How Different User Groups Perceive Webpage Aesthetics
Leiva, Luis A. UL; Shiripour, Morteza; Oulasvirta, Antti

in Universal Access in the Information Society (2022)

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See detailAge at onset as stratifier in idiopathic Parkinson's disease - effect of ageing and polygenic risk score on clinical phenotypes
Pavelka, Lukas; Rauschenberger, Armin UL; Landoulsi, Zied UL et al

in NPJ Parkinson's Disease (2022), 9(8), 102

Several phenotypic differences observed in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients have been linked to age at onset (AAO). We endeavoured to find out whether these differences are due to the ageing process ... [more ▼]

Several phenotypic differences observed in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients have been linked to age at onset (AAO). We endeavoured to find out whether these differences are due to the ageing process itself by using a combined dataset of idiopathic PD (n = 430) and healthy controls (HC; n = 556) excluding carriers of known PD-linked genetic mutations in both groups. We found several significant effects of AAO on motor and non-motor symptoms in PD, but when comparing the effects of age on these symptoms with HC (using age at assessment, AAA), only positive associations of AAA with burden of motor symptoms and cognitive impairment were significantly different between PD vs HC. Furthermore, we explored a potential effect of polygenic risk score (PRS) on clinical phenotype and identified a significant inverse correlation of AAO and PRS in PD. No significant association between PRS and severity of clinical symptoms was found. We conclude that the observed non-motor phenotypic differences in PD based on AAO are largely driven by the ageing process itself and not by a specific profile of neurodegeneration linked to AAO in the idiopathic PD patients. [less ▲]

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See detailQuelle solution pour le conflit de procédures conservatoires en droit judiciaire européen?
Cuniberti, Gilles UL

in Revue Critique de Droit International Privé (2022)

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See detailIncorporation en droit de l’Union de normes ISO et accès au droit. Quelques remarques sur la notion d’IBAN en droit international privé européen
Cuniberti, Gilles UL

in Revue Trimestrielle de Droit Européen (2022)

L’IBAN est défini par une norme établie par l’organisation internationale de normalisation (ISO). Le concept est cependant de plus en plus fréquemment utilisé dans la législation de l’Union, en ... [more ▼]

L’IBAN est défini par une norme établie par l’organisation internationale de normalisation (ISO). Le concept est cependant de plus en plus fréquemment utilisé dans la législation de l’Union, en particulier en droit international privé européen. L’article s’interroge sur les conséquences de l’incorporation en droit de l’Union d’une norme privée non librement accessible sur la sécurité juridique et l’accès au droit. [less ▲]

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See detailA Sustainability-Centric Methodology for the Shunt-in Shunt-out Problem
Tommaso, Bosi; Bigi, Federico UL

in Transport research Arena (2022)

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See detailThe effect of trademark breadth on IPO valuation and post-IPO performance: an empirical investigation of 1,510 European IPOs
Fisch, Christian UL; Meoli, Michele; Vismara, Silvio et al

in Journal of Business Venturing (2022), 37(5), 106237

Trademarks differ in breadth and can cover a wide range of categories of goods and services. We draw on real options theory and argue that greater trademark breadth constitutes a valuable real option that ... [more ▼]

Trademarks differ in breadth and can cover a wide range of categories of goods and services. We draw on real options theory and argue that greater trademark breadth constitutes a valuable real option that is associated with higher firm valuation and performance. We analyze a sample of 1510 firms that went public in Europe between 2002 and 2015 and find a positive effect of trademark breadth on initial public offering (IPO) valuation and post-IPO performance. We implement a contingency analysis to contrast real options and signaling theory and find stronger support for the real options perspective. [less ▲]

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See detailExperimental characterization of the temperature gradient inside a membrane distillation module
Dalle, Marie Alix; Janasz, Filip UL; Leyer, Stephan UL

in Energy Reports (2022)

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See detailHow different electricity pricing systems affect the energy trilemma: Assessing Indonesia's electricity market transition
Heffron, Raphael J.; Körner, Marc-Fabian; Sumarno, Theresia et al

in Energy Economics (2022), 107

Indonesia's current energy policy, which relies on cheap fossil fuels and focuses on two out of the three horns of the energy trilemma, namely, energy security and energy equity, may impede its efforts to ... [more ▼]

Indonesia's current energy policy, which relies on cheap fossil fuels and focuses on two out of the three horns of the energy trilemma, namely, energy security and energy equity, may impede its efforts to higher shares of renewable energy sources. This paper develops three generic models that allow policymakers to analyze the impact of introducing a wholesale electricity market managed under either a nodal, a zonal, or a uniform pricing system on the three horns of the energy trilemma. It evaluates the models using a simplified network representation of the Indonesian electricity sector. The results indicate that under the model assumptions made, and given the used input parameters as well as the used metrics for the three horns of the energy trilemma, a uniform pricing system might help Indonesia to balance its energy trilemma. [less ▲]

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See detailCombinatorial analysis reveals highly coordinated early-stage immune reactions that predict later antiviral immunity in mild COVID-19 patients
Capelle, Christophe M.; Ciré, Séverine; Domingues, Olivia et al

in Cell Reports Medicine (2022), 3(4), 100600

While immunopathology has been widely studied in patients with severe COVID-19, immune responses in non-hospitalized patients have remained largely elusive. We systematically analyze 484 peripheral ... [more ▼]

While immunopathology has been widely studied in patients with severe COVID-19, immune responses in non-hospitalized patients have remained largely elusive. We systematically analyze 484 peripheral cellular or soluble immune features in a longitudinal cohort of 63 mild and 15 hospitalized patients versus 14 asymptomatic and 26 household controls. We observe a transient increase of IP10/CXCL10 and interferon-β levels, coordinated responses of dominant SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4 and fewer CD8 T cells, and various antigen-presenting and antibody-secreting cells in mild patients within 3 days of PCR diagnosis. The frequency of key innate immune cells and their functional marker expression are impaired in hospitalized patients at day 1 of inclusion. T cell and dendritic cell responses at day 1 are highly predictive for SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses after 3 weeks in mild but not hospitalized patients. Our systematic analysis reveals a combinatorial picture and trajectory of various arms of the highly coordinated early-stage immune responses in mild COVID-19 patients. [less ▲]

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See detailIdeally, all infinite-type surfaces can be triangulated
McLeay, Alan; Parlier, Hugo UL

in Bull. Lond. Math. Soc. (2022), 54(5), 2032--2040

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See detailIntroduction
Steveker, Lena UL; Frenk, Joachim

in Zeitschrift für Anglistik und Amerikanistik (2022), 70(2), 123-130

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See detailProbing quantum chaos in multipartite systems
Cao, Zan; Xu, Zhenyu; Del Campo Echevarria, Adolfo UL

in Physical Review Research (2022)

Understanding the emergence of quantum chaos in multipartite systems is challenging in the presence of interactions. We show that the contribution of the subsystems to the global behavior can be revealed ... [more ▼]

Understanding the emergence of quantum chaos in multipartite systems is challenging in the presence of interactions. We show that the contribution of the subsystems to the global behavior can be revealed by probing the full counting statistics of the local, total, and interaction energies. As in the spectral form factor, signatures of quantum chaos in the time domain dictate a dip-ramp-plateau structure in the characteristic function, i.e., the Fourier transform of the eigenvalue distribution. With this approach, we explore the fate of chaos in interacting subsystems that are locally maximally chaotic. Global quantum chaos can be suppressed at strong coupling, as illustrated with coupled copies of random-matrix Hamiltonians and of the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model. Our method is amenable to experimental implementation using single-qubit interferometry. [less ▲]

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See detailA Magnetohydrodynamic enhanced entry system for space transportation: MEESST
Lani, Andrea; Sharma, Vatsalya; Giangaspero, Vincent F. et al

in Journal of Space Safety Engineering (2022)

This paper outlines the initial development of a novel magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) plasma control system which aims at mitigating shock-induced heating and the radio-frequency communication blackout ... [more ▼]

This paper outlines the initial development of a novel magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) plasma control system which aims at mitigating shock-induced heating and the radio-frequency communication blackout typically encountered during (re-)entry into planetary atmospheres. An international consortium comprising universities, SMEs, research institutions, and industry has been formed in order to develop this technology within the MEESST project. The latter is funded by the Future and Emerging Technologies (FET) program of the European Commission’s Horizon 2020 scheme (grant no. 899298). Atmospheric entry imposes one of the harshest environments which a spacecraft can experience. The combination of hypersonic velocities and the rapid compression of atmospheric particles by the spacecraft leads to high-enthalpy, partially ionised gases forming around the vehicle. This inhibits radio communications and induces high thermal loads on the spacecraft surface. For the former problem, spacecraft can sometimes rely on satellite constellations for communicating through the plasma wake and therefore preventing the blackout. On the other hand, expensive, heavy, and non-reusable thermal protection systems (TPS) are needed to dissipate the severe thermal loads. Such TPS can represent up to 30% of an entry vehicles weight, and especially for manned missions they can reduce the cost- efficiency by sacrificing payload mass. Such systems are also prone to failure, putting the lives of astronauts at risk. The use of electromagnetic fields to exploit MHD principles has long been considered as an attractive solution for tackling the problems described above. By pushing the boundary layer of the ionized gas layer away from the spacecraft, the thermal loads can be reduced, while also opening a magnetic window for radio communications and mitigating the blackout phenomenon. The application of this MHD-enabled system has previously not been demonstrated in realistic conditions due to the required large magnetic fields (on the order of Tesla or more), which for conventional technologies would demand exceptionally heavy and power-hungry electromagnets. High-temperature superconductors (HTS) have reached a level of industrial maturity sufficient for them to act as a key enabling technology for this application. Thanks to superior current densities, HTS coils can offer the necessary low weight and compactness required for space applications, with the ability to generate the strong magnetic fields needed for entry purposes. This paper provides an overview of the MEESST project, including its goals, methodology and some preliminary design considerations. [less ▲]

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See detailDie 22. Legion, der Rhein und die Binnenschifffahrt bei den Legionen des Imperium Romanum
Groff, Thierry UL

in Mainzer Zeitschrift. Mittelrheinisches Jahrbuch für Archäologie, Kunst und Geschichte (2022), 117

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See detailPolitiken einer Reparaturgesellschaft
Hertweck, Florian UL; Hiller, Christian; Krieger, Markus et al

in Arch + (2022), 250

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See detailSulfur Treatment Passivates Bulk Defects in Sb2Se3Photocathodes for Water Splitting
Prabhakar, Rajiv Ramanujam; Moehl, Thomas; Friedrich, Dennis et al

in Advanced Functional Materials (2022)

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See detailBenchmarking quantum annealing dynamics: The spin-vector Langevin model
Subires, David; Gómez-Ruiz, Fernando J.; Ruiz-García, Antonia et al

in Physical Review Research (2022)

The classical spin-vector Monte Carlo (SVMC) model is a reference benchmark for the performance of a quantum annealer. Yet, as a Monte Carlo method, SVMC is unsuited for an accurate description of the ... [more ▼]

The classical spin-vector Monte Carlo (SVMC) model is a reference benchmark for the performance of a quantum annealer. Yet, as a Monte Carlo method, SVMC is unsuited for an accurate description of the annealing dynamics in real-time.We introduce the spin-vector Langevin (SVL) model as an alternative benchmark in which the time evolution is described by Langevin dynamics. The SVL model is shown to provide a more stringent test than the SVMC model for the identification of quantum signatures in the performance of quantum annealing devices, as we illustrate by describing the Kibble-Zurek scaling associated with the dynamics of symmetry breaking in the transverse field Ising model, recently probed using D-Wave machines. Specifically, we show that D-Wave data are reproduced by the SVL model. [less ▲]

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See detailPicard modular forms and the cohomology of local systems on a Picard modular surface
van der Geer, Gerard UL; Bergström, Jonas

in Commentarii Mathematici Helvetici (2022), 97

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See detailDistributional Change: Assessing the Contribution of Household Income Sources
Kyzyma, Iryna; Fusco, Alessio; van Kerm, Philippe UL

in Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics (2022), n/a(n/a),

We develop a decomposition of changes in household income distributions by factor components to quantify the contribution of changes over time in the association between sources of income and changes in ... [more ▼]

We develop a decomposition of changes in household income distributions by factor components to quantify the contribution of changes over time in the association between sources of income and changes in their (marginal) distributions. The two components are broken down to isolate the contribution of specific income sources. An application to the change in the distribution of household incomes in Luxembourg between 2004 and 2013 reveals contrasted results: increased association between spouse earnings, public transfers and taxes depressed the income share of poor households while changes in marginal distributions increased incomes in the upper half of the distribution. [less ▲]

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See detailWhat Will the Future ofUAV Cellular Communications Be?A Flight from 5G to 6G
Geraci, Giovanni; Garcia-Rodriguez, Adrian; Azari, M. Mahdi et al

in IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials (2022), 24(3), 1304-1335

What will the future of UAV cellular communicationsbe?In this tutorial article, we address such a compelling yetdifficult question by embarking on a journey from 5G to 6Gand expounding a large number of ... [more ▼]

What will the future of UAV cellular communicationsbe?In this tutorial article, we address such a compelling yetdifficult question by embarking on a journey from 5G to 6Gand expounding a large number of case studies supported byoriginal results. We start by overviewing the status quo on UAVcommunications from an industrial standpoint, providing freshupdates from the 3GPP and detailing new 5G NR features insupport of aerial devices. We then dissect the potential andthe limitations of such features. In particular, we demonstratehow sub-6 GHz massive MIMO can successfully tackle cellselection and interference challenges, we showcase encouragingmmWave coverage evaluations in both urban and suburban/ruralsettings, and we examine the peculiarities of direct device-to-device communications in the sky. Moving on, we sneak a peekat next-generation UAV communications, listing some of the usecases envisioned for the 2030s. We identify the most promising6G enablers for UAV communication, those expected to takethe performance and reliability to the next level. For each ofthese disruptive new paradigms (non-terrestrial networks, cell-free architectures, artificial intelligence, reconfigurable intelligentsurfaces, and THz communications), we gauge the prospectivebenefits for UAVs and discuss the main technological hurdles thatstand in the way. All along, we distil our numerous findings intoessential takeaways, and we identify key open problems worthyof further study. [less ▲]

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See detailRegulating Sustainable Finance in the Dark
Zetzsche, Dirk Andreas UL; Anker-Sorensen, Linn

in European Business Organization Law Review (2022), 23

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See detailDouble quasi-Poisson algebras are pre-Calabi-Yau
Fernandez Alvarez, David UL; Herscovich, Estanislao

in International Mathematics Research Notices (2022), 2022(23), 18291-18345

In this article, we prove that double quasi-Poisson algebras, which are noncommutative analogues of quasi-Poisson manifolds, naturally give rise to pre-Calabi-Yau algebras. This extends one of the main ... [more ▼]

In this article, we prove that double quasi-Poisson algebras, which are noncommutative analogues of quasi-Poisson manifolds, naturally give rise to pre-Calabi-Yau algebras. This extends one of the main results in [11], where a correspondence between certain pre-Calabi-Yau algebras and double Poisson algebras was found (see also [13, 12, 10]). However, a major difference between the pre-Calabi-Yau algebra constructed in the mentioned articles and the one constructed in this work is that the higher multiplications indexed by even integers of the underlying A∞-algebra structure of the pre-Calabi-Yau algebra associated with double quasi-Poisson algebra do not vanish, but are given by nice cyclic expressions multiplied by explicitly determined coefficients involving the Bernoulli numbers. [less ▲]

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See detailLe « cas Raoult » ou la controverse médicale amplifiée par l’influence personnelle
Lukasik, Stéphanie UL; Bassoni, Marc

in Communication (2022), 39(1),

The medical controversy stirred up by Professor Didier Raoult in France was an unprecedented communications challenge during the COVID-19 pandemic. In today’s supermediatized world, the traditional ... [more ▼]

The medical controversy stirred up by Professor Didier Raoult in France was an unprecedented communications challenge during the COVID-19 pandemic. In today’s supermediatized world, the traditional framework of scientific controversies has shifted to the social media space where divided opinions and heated disputes pave the way for “fake news” and “alternative facts.” The authors begin by breaking down Professor Raoult’s “direct” communication strategy. Next they compile all the interactions sparked by posts to the “Didier Raoult officiel” Facebook page over a three-month period. Then after examining the content shared by the pages users/followers, the authors identify certain elements of homophily within the groups observed [less ▲]

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See detailSuper-Heisenberg scaling in Hamiltonian parameter estimation in the long-range Kitaev chain
Yang, Jing UL; Pang, Shengshi; Del Campo Echevarria, Adolfo UL et al

in Physical Review Research (2022)

In quantum metrology, nonlinear many-body interactions can enhance the precision of Hamiltonian parameter estimation to surpass the Heisenberg scaling. Here, we consider the the estimation of the ... [more ▼]

In quantum metrology, nonlinear many-body interactions can enhance the precision of Hamiltonian parameter estimation to surpass the Heisenberg scaling. Here, we consider the the estimation of the interaction strength in linear systems with long-range interactions and using the Kitaev chains as a case study, we establish a transition from the Heisenberg to super-Heisenberg scaling in the quantum Fisher information by varying the interaction range. We further show that quantum control can improve the prefactor of the quantum Fisher information. Our results explore the advantage of optimal quantum control and long-range interactions in many-body quantum metrology. [less ▲]

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See detailProject-based learning course on metabolic network modelling in computational systems biology.
Sauter, Thomas UL; Bintener, Tamara; Kishk, Ali UL et al

in PLoS computational biology (2022), 18(1), 1009711

Project-based learning (PBL) is a dynamic student-centred teaching method that encourages students to solve real-life problems while fostering engagement and critical thinking. Here, we report on a PBL ... [more ▼]

Project-based learning (PBL) is a dynamic student-centred teaching method that encourages students to solve real-life problems while fostering engagement and critical thinking. Here, we report on a PBL course on metabolic network modelling that has been running for several years within the Master in Integrated Systems Biology (MISB) at the University of Luxembourg. This 2-week full-time block course comprises an introduction into the core concepts and methods of constraint-based modelling (CBM), applied to toy models and large-scale networks alongside the preparation of individual student projects in week 1 and, in week 2, the presentation and execution of these projects. We describe in detail the schedule and content of the course, exemplary student projects, and reflect on outcomes and lessons learned. PBL requires the full engagement of students and teachers and gives a rewarding teaching experience. The presented course can serve as a role model and inspiration for other similar courses. [less ▲]

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See detailUrbanicity, behavior problems and HPA axis regulation in preschoolers
Effenberger, Pauline; Send, Tabea; Gilles, Maria et al

in Psychoneuroendocrinology (2022), 137

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See detailGiant voltage amplification from electrostatically induced incipient ferroelectric states
Graf, M.; Iñiguez, Jorge UL; et al.

in Nature Materials (2022)

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See detailEnsuring reference independence and cautious monotony in abstract argumentation
Kampik, Timotheus; Nieves, Juan Carlos; Gabbay, Dov M. UL

in International Journal of Approximate Reasoning (2022), 140

In the symbolic artificial intelligence community, abstract argumentation with its semantics, i.e. approaches for defining sets of valid conclusions (extensions) that can be derived from argumentation ... [more ▼]

In the symbolic artificial intelligence community, abstract argumentation with its semantics, i.e. approaches for defining sets of valid conclusions (extensions) that can be derived from argumentation graphs, is considered a promising method for non-monotonic reasoning. However, from a sequential perspective, abstract argumentation-based decision-making processes typically do not guarantee an alignment with common formal notions to assess consistency; in particular, abstract argumentation can, in itself, not enforce the satisfaction of relational principles such as reference independence (based on a key principle of microeconomic theory) and cautious monotony. In this paper, we address this issue by introducing different approaches to ensuring reference independence and cautious monotony in sequential argumentation: a reductionist, an expansionist, and an extension-selecting approach. The first two approaches are generically applicable, but may require comprehensive changes to the corresponding argumentation framework. In contrast, the latter approach guarantees that an extension of the corresponding argumentation framework can be selected to satisfy the relational principle by requiring that the used argumentation semantics is weakly reference independent or weakly cautiously monotonous, respectively, and also satisfies some additional straightforward principles. To highlight the relevance of the approach, we illustrate how the extension-selecting approach to reference independent argumentation can be applied to model (boundedly) rational economic decision-making. [less ▲]

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See detailJoint Parameter Estimation From Binary Observations Over Decentralized Channels
Fan, Wenzhe; Xia, Yili; Li, Chunguo et al

in IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing (2022), 70

In wireless sensor networks, due to the bandwidth constraint, the distributed nodes (DNs) might only provide binary representatives of the source signal, and then transmit them to the central node (CN ... [more ▼]

In wireless sensor networks, due to the bandwidth constraint, the distributed nodes (DNs) might only provide binary representatives of the source signal, and then transmit them to the central node (CN). In this paper, we consider the joint estimation of signal amplitude and background noise variance from binary observations over decentralized channels. We first analyze the Cramér–Rao lower bounds (CRLBs) of the parameters of interest and develop a quasilinear estimator (QLE), in which the desirable estimates can be obtained from several intermediate parameters linearly. Next, we consider a more realistic situation where the decentralized channel is noisy during the data transmission. Based on the error propagation model, the asymptotic analysis shows that the performance of the proposed QLE is mainly dominated by the thresholds of the quantizers, which encourages us to adopt a correlated quantization (CQ) scheme by exploiting the spatial correlation among background noises/channel noises. To ease the implementation of QLE in practice, an adaptive quantization (AQ) scheme is also proposed so as to obtain reasonable selections of the required thresholds. Finally, numerical simulations are provided to validate our theoretical findings. [less ▲]

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See detailEnhanced Optical Spectroscopy for Multiplexed DNA and Protein-Sequencing with Plasmonic Nanopores: Challenges and Prospects
Li, Wang; Zhou, Juan; Maccaferri, Nicolò UL et al

in Analytical Chemistry (2022), 94(2), 503-514

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See detailThe transparency challenge of blockchain in organizations
Sedlmeir, Johannes UL; Lautenschlager, Jonathan; Fridgen, Gilbert UL et al

in Electronic Markets (2022), 32(3), 1779--1794

This position paper discusses the challenges of blockchain applications in businesses and the public sector related to an excessive degree of transparency. We first point out the types of sensitive data ... [more ▼]

This position paper discusses the challenges of blockchain applications in businesses and the public sector related to an excessive degree of transparency. We first point out the types of sensitive data involved in different patterns of blockchain use cases. We then argue that the implications of blockchains’ information exposure caused by replicated transaction storage and execution go well beyond the often-mentioned conflicts with the GDPR’s “right to be forgotten” and may be more problematic than anticipated. In particular, we illustrate the trade-off between protecting sensitive information and increasing process efficiency through smart contracts. We also explore to which extent permissioned blockchains and novel applications of cryptographic technologies such as self-sovereign identities and zero-knowledge proofs can help overcome the transparency challenge and thus act as catalysts for blockchain adoption and diffusion in organizations. [less ▲]

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See detailAktuelle Entwicklungen im Steuerrecht in der Informationstechnologie 2020/2021 - Teil 2
Sinnig, Julia UL; Schmittmann, Jens M.

in Kommunikation und Recht (2022), 25(3), 175-182

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See detailSuffizienz ist ein Konzept für Politik und Planung, nicht für das Individuum
Hertweck, Florian UL; Brokow-Loga, Anton; Grossmann, Katrin et al

in Arch + (2022), 250

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See detailThe effects of IMF programs on income inequality: a semi-parametric treatment effects approach
Chletsos, Michael; Sintos, Andreas UL

in International Journal of Development Issues (2022)

Purpose This paper aims to provide new insights regarding the impact of International Monetary Fund (IMF) programs on income inequality. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses a novel methodological ... [more ▼]

Purpose This paper aims to provide new insights regarding the impact of International Monetary Fund (IMF) programs on income inequality. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses a novel methodological approach proposed by Acemoglu et al. (2019), using (1) the regression adjustment, (2) the inverse probability weighting and (3) the doubly robust estimator, which combines (1) and (2), and a sample of annual data for 135 developing countries over the time period 1970 to 2015. Findings The findings show that IMF programs are associated with greater income inequality for up to five years. By differentiating the effect of IMF programs, the authors find that only IMF non-concessional programs have a significant detrimental effect on income inequality, while IMF concessional programs do not have a consistent effect on income inequality. In addition, the authors find that only IMF programs with a higher number of conditions have a detrimental and statistically significant effect on income inequality, compared to IMF programs with a smaller number of conditions, where their effect on income inequality is found to be insignificant. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the analysis developed in this paper contributes to the existing literature by applying the most methodologically sound identification strategy, which does not rely on the linearity assumption, the selection of instruments or matching variables and additionally takes into account the selection bias related to IMF program participation. [less ▲]

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See detailDigitally driven energy management practices in SMEs - exploring potentials and barriers
Hilger, Lukas UL; Große-Kreul, Felix; Schneiders, Thorsten et al

in Die Unternehmung: swiss journal of business research and practice (2022), 76(3), 360-380

Innovative digital technologies open up new opportunities for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to improve energy efficiency and energy management behavior. The question is: How far will SMEs be ... [more ▼]

Innovative digital technologies open up new opportunities for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to improve energy efficiency and energy management behavior. The question is: How far will SMEs be capable of profiting from the benefits of these new technologies? Using technology screening, this study identifies smart metering and mobile energy monitoring as digital technologies best addressing SMEs' specific demands. In addition, potentials and limitations of the technologies are investigated in two qualitative in-depth field trials. Barriers to adopting digitally enabled energy management practices are examined. The results indicate that visualizing energy data enables SMEs to pursue new energy management practices for reducing energy consumption and costs (such as peak load analysis). SMEs need extensive guidance to identify and pursue these strategies. In conclusion, an exploratory adoption model for digitally enabled energy management practices is developed. Hypotheses for future experimental studies and policy implications are derived. [less ▲]

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See detailExecuting trades in style: Retail investors vs. institutions.
Wolff, Christian UL

in Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting and Economics (2022), 29(2), 344-362

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See detailMechanistically Coupled PK (MCPK) Model to Describe Enzyme Induction and Occupancy Dependent DDI of Dabrafenib Metabolism.
Albrecht, Marco; Kogan, Yuri; Kulms, Dagmar et al

in Pharmaceutics (2022), 14(2),

Dabrafenib inhibits the cell proliferation of metastatic melanoma with the oncogenic BRAF(V600)-mutation. However, dabrafenib monotherapy is associated with pERK reactivation, drug resistance, and ... [more ▼]

Dabrafenib inhibits the cell proliferation of metastatic melanoma with the oncogenic BRAF(V600)-mutation. However, dabrafenib monotherapy is associated with pERK reactivation, drug resistance, and consequential relapse. A clinical drug-dose determination study shows increased pERK levels upon daily administration of more than 300 mg dabrafenib. To clarify whether such elevated drug concentrations could be reached by long-term drug accumulation, we mechanistically coupled the pharmacokinetics (MCPK) of dabrafenib and its metabolites. The MCPK model is qualitatively based on in vitro and quantitatively on clinical data to describe occupancy-dependent CYP3A4 enzyme induction, accumulation, and drug-drug interaction mechanisms. The prediction suggests an eight-fold increase in the steady-state concentration of potent desmethyl-dabrafenib and its inactive precursor carboxy-dabrafenib within four weeks upon 150 mg b.d. dabrafenib. While it is generally assumed that a higher dose is not critical, we found experimentally that a high physiological dabrafenib concentration fails to induce cell death in embedded 451LU melanoma spheroids. [less ▲]

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See detailEuler continuants in noncommutative quasi-Poisson geometry
Fernandez Alvarez, David UL; Fairon, Maxime

in Forum of Mathematics, Sigma (2022), 10

It was established by Boalch that Euler continuants arise as Lie group valued moment maps for a class of wild character varieties described as moduli spaces of points on P1 by Sibuya. Furthermore, Boalch ... [more ▼]

It was established by Boalch that Euler continuants arise as Lie group valued moment maps for a class of wild character varieties described as moduli spaces of points on P1 by Sibuya. Furthermore, Boalch noticed that these varieties are multiplicative analogues of certain Nakajima quiver varieties originally introduced by Calabi, which are attached to the quiver Γn on two vertices and n equioriented arrows. In this article, we go a step further by unveiling that the Sibuya varieties can be understood using noncommutative quasi-Poisson geometry modelled on the quiver Γn . We prove that the Poisson structure carried by these varieties is induced, via the Kontsevich–Rosenberg principle, by an explicit Hamiltonian double quasi-Poisson algebra defined at the level of the quiver Γn such that its noncommutative multiplicative moment map is given in terms of Euler continuants. This result generalises the Hamiltonian double quasi-Poisson algebra associated with the quiver Γ1 by Van den Bergh. Moreover, using the method of fusion, we prove that the Hamiltonian double quasi-Poisson algebra attached to Γn admits a factorisation in terms of n copies of the algebra attached to Γ1 [less ▲]

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See detailModeling and simulation of thin-walled piezoelectric energy harvesters immersed in flow using monolithic fluid–structure interaction
Shang, Lan UL; Hoareau, Christophe; Zilian, Andreas UL

in Finite Elements in Analysis and Design (2022), 206

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See detailDigitized-counterdiabatic quantum approximate optimization algorithm
Chandarana, P.; Hegade, N. N.; Paul, K. et al

in Physical Review Research (2022)

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) has proved to be an effective classical-quantum algorithm serving multiple purposes, from solving combinatorial optimization problems to finding the ... [more ▼]

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) has proved to be an effective classical-quantum algorithm serving multiple purposes, from solving combinatorial optimization problems to finding the ground state of many-body quantum systems. Since the QAOA is an Ansatz-dependent algorithm, there is always a need to design Ansätze for better optimization. To this end, we propose a digitized version of the QAOA enhanced via the use of shortcuts to adiabaticity. Specifically, we use a counterdiabatic (CD) driving term to design a better Ansatz, along with the Hamiltonian and mixing terms, enhancing the global performance. We apply our digitized-CD QAOA to Ising models, classical optimization problems, and the P-spin model, demonstrating that it outperforms the standard QAOA in all cases we study. [less ▲]

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See detailMicroglia states and nomenclature: A field at its crossroads.
Paolicelli, Rosa C.; Sierra, Amanda; Stevens, Beth et al

in Neuron (2022), 110(21), 3458-3483

Microglial research has advanced considerably in recent decades yet has been constrained by a rolling series of dichotomies such as "resting versus activated" and "M1 versus M2." This dualistic ... [more ▼]

Microglial research has advanced considerably in recent decades yet has been constrained by a rolling series of dichotomies such as "resting versus activated" and "M1 versus M2." This dualistic classification of good or bad microglia is inconsistent with the wide repertoire of microglial states and functions in development, plasticity, aging, and diseases that were elucidated in recent years. New designations continuously arising in an attempt to describe the different microglial states, notably defined using transcriptomics and proteomics, may easily lead to a misleading, although unintentional, coupling of categories and functions. To address these issues, we assembled a group of multidisciplinary experts to discuss our current understanding of microglial states as a dynamic concept and the importance of addressing microglial function. Here, we provide a conceptual framework and recommendations on the use of microglial nomenclature for researchers, reviewers, and editors, which will serve as the foundations for a future white paper. [less ▲]

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See detailNeurodegeneration and neuroinflammation are linked, but independent of a-synuclein inclusions, in a seeding/spreading mouse model of Parkinson's disease
Garcia, Pierre UL; Wemheuer, W.; Uriarte, O. et al

in Glia (2022)

A key pathological process in Parkinson's disease (PD) is the transneuronal spreading of α-synuclein. Alpha-synuclein (α-syn) is a presynaptic protein that, in PD, forms pathological inclusions. Other ... [more ▼]

A key pathological process in Parkinson's disease (PD) is the transneuronal spreading of α-synuclein. Alpha-synuclein (α-syn) is a presynaptic protein that, in PD, forms pathological inclusions. Other hallmarks of PD include neurodegeneration and microgliosis in susceptible brain regions. Whether it is primarily transneuronal spreading of α-syn particles, inclusion formation, or other mechanisms, such as inflammation, that cause neurodegeneration in PD is unclear. We used a model of spreading of α-syn induced by striatal injection of α-syn preformed fibrils into the mouse striatum to address this question. We performed quantitative analysis for α-syn inclusions, neurodegeneration, and microgliosis in different brain regions, and generated gene expression profiles of the ventral midbrain, at two different timepoints after disease induction. We observed significant neurodegeneration and microgliosis in brain regions not only with, but also without α-syn inclusions. We also observed prominent microgliosis in injured brain regions that did not correlate with neurodegeneration nor with inclusion load. Using longitudinal gene expression profiling, we observed early gene expression changes, linked to neuroinflammation, that preceded neurodegeneration, indicating an active role of microglia in this process. Altered gene pathways overlapped with those typical of PD. Our observations indicate that α-syn inclusion formation is not the major driver in the early phases of PD-like neurodegeneration, but that microglia, activated by diffusible, oligomeric α-syn, may play a key role in this process. Our findings uncover new features of α-syn induced pathologies, in particular microgliosis, and point to the necessity for a broader view of the process of α-syn spreading. [less ▲]

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See detailDerived Parabolic induction
Scherotzke, Sarah UL; Schneider, Peter

in Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society (2022), 54(1), 264-274

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See detailKac-Rice formula for transverse intersections
Stecconi, Michele UL

in Analysis and Mathematical Physics (2022), 12

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See detailSubjective age, worry and risk-related perceptions in older adults in times of a pandemic
Tingvold, Maiken UL; Albert, Isabelle UL; Hoffmann, Martine et al

in PLoS ONE (2022), 17(9), 0274293

During the Covid-19 pandemic, older people have been in the spotlight of the public debate. Given their higher risk of severe outcomes of the disease, they have been described as especially vulnerable and ... [more ▼]

During the Covid-19 pandemic, older people have been in the spotlight of the public debate. Given their higher risk of severe outcomes of the disease, they have been described as especially vulnerable and as a burden to others and society. We thus wanted to investigate how older people’s perception of their own age, that is their subjective age, as well as their Covid-19 related risks and worries were related during the pandemic and whether these relationships varied according to participants’ subjective health. We used data from the longitudinal CRISIS study which was conducted in the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg in June and October 2020. Participants were aged 60–98 and responded on questionnaires regarding their subjective age, worry of falling ill with Covid-19, perceived risk of contracting the virus, perceived risk of falling seriously ill if they contracted Covid-19, as well as their subjective health and covariates. Three cross-lagged panel models were constructed to explore the longitudinal, bidirectional relationships between the variables. Cross-sectionally, a higher subjective age was related to more perceived risk of a serious course of disease. Longitudinally, subjective age and worry did not show any significant association over time, and neither did subjective age and perceived risk of contracting the virus. However, subjective health significantly moderated the relationship of worry and subjective age, showing different trajectories in the relationship depending on whether subjective health was good or bad. Higher perceived risk of falling seriously ill increased subjective age over time. Again, subjective health moderated this relationship: the perceived risk of falling seriously ill affected subjective age only for those with better subjective health. Our findings show the interactive relationship between subjective age and Covid-19 related cognitions and emotions and provide guidance for identifying older people that are most susceptible for negative age-related communication during the pandemic. [less ▲]

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See detailReasoning on conflicting information: An empirical study of Formal Argumentation
Guillaume, Mathieu UL; Cramer, Marcos UL; van der Torre, Leon UL et al

in PLoS ONE (2022), 17(8 August),

According to the Argumentative Theory, human reasoning has an argumentative function, which consists of devising and evaluating arguments for and against various claims. It is however unclear how humans ... [more ▼]

According to the Argumentative Theory, human reasoning has an argumentative function, which consists of devising and evaluating arguments for and against various claims. It is however unclear how humans handle conflicting claims they face in everyday life (i.e., “Bob is telling me that Alice is at the library” vs. “Charles is telling me that Alice is at home”). We here investigate human argumentative reasoning in the light of Formal Argumentation, a research field that develops formal methods to give a normative account of argumentation and reasoning about conflicting information. In Formal Argumentation, multiple argumentation semantics that allow selecting sets of jointly acceptable arguments have been proposed. Nonetheless, it is unclear which of these semantics predicts best how humans evaluate the acceptability of conflicting arguments. We conducted an empirical study in which 130 young adults judged natural language arguments. We instructed them to draw the attack relation between the given arguments and to evaluate the acceptability of each of these arguments. Our results show that human judgments on the existence and directionality of attacks between the arguments conform to theoretical predictions from Formal Argumentation. We further found out that some less well-known argumentation semantics predicted human evaluation better than the most well-known semantics. These findings support the cognitive plausibility of variants of Formal Argumentation and bring new insights into reasoning about conflicting information. [less ▲]

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See detailRegulating Finfluencers
Pflücke, Felix UL

in Journal of European Consumer and Market Law (2022), 11(6)

The accessibility of investment advice on social media platforms has significantly increased in recent years. Finance influencers and content creators, so-called ‘Finfluencers’, provide their audience ... [more ▼]

The accessibility of investment advice on social media platforms has significantly increased in recent years. Finance influencers and content creators, so-called ‘Finfluencers’, provide their audience with unpaid or paid financial advice on social media, featuring investment strategies relating to meme stocks, contracts for difference trading, or cryptocurrencies. This article examines the practices and business models of Finfluencers as well as how EU law, three national jurisdictions (Luxembourg, Germany, and the UK), and five platforms regulate their activities. The underlying objectives are to understand the activities and regulation of Finfluencers and critically analyse whether the current framework sufficiently protects consumers. [less ▲]

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See detailDoes blockchain technology democratize entrepreneurial finance? An empirical comparison of ICOs, venture capital, and REITs
Fisch, Christian UL; Meoli, Michele; Vismara, Silvio

in Economics of Innovation and New Technology (2022), 31(1–2), 7089

Initial coin offerings (ICOs) are one of the major innovations that characterize the digital revolution of financial markets. Among the expectations created by the digital revolution is the ... [more ▼]

Initial coin offerings (ICOs) are one of the major innovations that characterize the digital revolution of financial markets. Among the expectations created by the digital revolution is the democratization of entrepreneurial finance, defined in terms of the creation of more equality regarding the access to financial resources by categories known to be underrepresented among potential entrepreneurs. Following this line of research, we investigate, through two complementary empirical studies, whether gender, ethnicity, and geography affect the choice of ICOs vs. traditional financing alternatives. Additionally, we assess whether these characteristics increase the amount of money an entrepreneur can raise. In Study I, we compare 390 ICO ventures to a sample of 1,078 VC-backed blockchain ventures, identifying a negative correlation between the choice of an ICO (vs. VC-backing) and a location in an urban area. In Study II, we compare 160 ICO ventures to 163 real estate investment trusts (REITs), reaffirming the results of Study I. The findings show significant participation and likelihood of successful campaigns for ethnical minorities in ICOs, with the latter also being able to collect, ceteris paribus, larger amounts of funding. In contrast, female entrepreneurs do not have higher chances to participate nor raise funds in ICOs. [less ▲]

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See detailNeurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s Disease: a Self-Sustained Loop
Arena, Giuseppe UL; Sharma, K.; Agyeah, Gideon UL et al

in Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports (2022), 22(8), 427440

Purpose of Review: Neuroinflammation plays a significant role in Parkinson’s disease (PD) etiology along with mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired proteostasis. In this context, mechanisms related to ... [more ▼]

Purpose of Review: Neuroinflammation plays a significant role in Parkinson’s disease (PD) etiology along with mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired proteostasis. In this context, mechanisms related to immune response can act as modifiers at different steps of the neurodegenerative process and justify the growing interest in anti-inflammatory agents as potential disease-modifying treatments in PD. The discovery of inherited gene mutations in PD has allowed researchers to develop cellular and animal models to study the mechanisms of the underlying biology, but the original cause of neuroinflammation in PD is still debated to date. Recent Findings: Cell autonomous alterations in neuronal cells, including mitochondrial damage and protein aggregation, could play a role, but recent findings also highlighted the importance of intercellular communication at both local and systemic level. This has given rise to debate about the role of non-neuronal cells in PD and reignited intense research into the gut-brain axis and other non-neuronal interactions in the development of the disease. Whatever the original trigger of neuroinflammation in PD, what appears quite clear is that the aberrant activation of glial cells and other components of the immune system creates a vicious circle in which neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation nourish each other. Summary: In this review, we will provide an up-to-date summary of the main cellular alterations underlying neuroinflammation in PD, including those induced by environmental factors (e.g. the gut microbiome) and those related to the genetic background of affected patients. Starting from the lesson provided by familial forms of PD, we will discuss pathophysiological mechanisms linked to inflammation that could also play a role in idiopathic forms. Finally, we will comment on the potential clinical translatability of immunobiomarkers identified in PD patient cohorts and provide an update on current therapeutic strategies aimed at overcoming or preventing inflammation in PD. © 2022, The Author(s). [less ▲]

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See detailLe criminel tient le civil en état à l’épreuve de l’article 6 de la Conv. EDH
Menetrey, Séverine UL

in Journal des Tribunaux Luxembourg (2022)

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See detailIndium-free CIGS analogues: general discussion
Dale, Phillip UL; Siebentritt, Susanne UL; Sood, Mohit UL et al

in Faraday Discussions (2022)

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See detailUncovering everyday dynamics in students’ perceptions of instructional quality with experience sampling
Talic, Irma UL; Scherer, Ronny; Marsh, Herbert W. et al

in Learning and Instruction (2022), 81

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See detailUser Scheduling and Power Allocation for Precoded Multi-Beam High Throughput Satellite Systems With Individual Quality of Service Constraints
Van Chien, Trinh; Lagunas, Eva UL; Ta, Tung Hai et al

in IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology (Early Access) (2022)

For extensive coverage areas, multi-beam high throughput satellite (HTS) communication is a promising technology that plays a crucial role in delivering broadband services to many users with diverse ... [more ▼]

For extensive coverage areas, multi-beam high throughput satellite (HTS) communication is a promising technology that plays a crucial role in delivering broadband services to many users with diverse Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. This paper focuses on multi-beam HTS systems where all beams reuse the same spectrum. In particular, we propose a novel user scheduling and power allocation design capable of providing guarantees in terms of the individual QoS requirements while maximizing the system throughput under a limited power budget. Precoding is employed in the forward link to mitigate mutual interference among the users in multiple-access scenarios over different coherence time intervals. The combinatorial optimization structure from user scheduling requires an extremely high cost to obtain the global optimum even when a reduced number of users fit into a time slot. Therefore, we propose a heuristic algorithm yielding a good trade-off between performance and computational complexity, applicable to a static operation framework of geostationary (GEO) satellite networks. Although the power allocation optimization is signomial programming, non-convex on a standard form, the solution can be lower bounded by the global optimum of a geometric program with a hidden convex structure. A local solution to the joint user scheduling and power allocation problem is consequently obtained by a successive optimization approach. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithms on GEO satellite networks by providing better QoS satisfaction combined with outstanding overall system throughput. [less ▲]

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See detailExamples violating Golyshev's canonical strip hypotheses
Belmans, Pieter UL; Galkin, Sergey; Mukhopadhyay, Swarnava

in Exp. Math. (2022), 31(1), 233--237

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See detailReconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Assisted Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems Over Spatially-Correlated Channels
Van Chien, Trinh; Ngo, Hien Quoc; Chatzinotas, Symeon UL et al

in IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications (2022), 21(7), 5106-5128

Cell-Free Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) are two promising technologies for application to beyond-5G networks. This paper considers Cell-Free ... [more ▼]

Cell-Free Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) are two promising technologies for application to beyond-5G networks. This paper considers Cell-Free Massive MIMO systems with the assistance of an RIS for enhancing the system performance under the presence of spatial correlation among the engineered scattering elements of the RIS. Distributed maximum-ratio processing is considered at the access points (APs). We introduce an aggregated channel estimation approach that provides sufficient information for data processing with the main benefit of reducing the overhead required for channel estimation. The considered system is studied by using asymptotic analysis which lets the number of APs and/or the number of RIS elements grow large. A lower bound for the channel capacity is obtained for a finite number of APs and engineered scattering elements of the RIS, and closed-form expressions for the uplink and downlink ergodic net throughput are formulated in terms of only the channel statistics. Based on the obtained analytical frameworks, we unveil the impact of channel correlation, the number of RIS elements, and the pilot contamination on the net throughput of each user. In addition, a simple control scheme for optimizing the configuration of the engineered scattering elements of the RIS is proposed, which is shown to increase the channel estimation quality, and, hence, the system performance. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system design and performance analysis. In particular, the performance benefits of using RISs in Cell-Free Massive MIMO systems are confirmed, especially if the direct links between the APs and the users are of insufficient quality with high probability. [less ▲]

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See detailUn pas de plus vers une définition autonome de l’autorité de la chose jugée
Menetrey, Séverine UL

in Revue des procédures (2022)

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See detailOrigin of Interface Limitation in Zn(O,S)/CuInS2‑Based Solar Cells
Sood, Mohit UL; Bombsch, Jakob; Lomuscio, Alberto UL et al

in ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces (2022), 14

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See detailParkinson's Disease progression, resilience and inflammation markers during the COVID-19 pandemic
Pauly, Claire UL; Glaab, Enrico UL; Hansen, Maxime UL et al

in Movement Disorders (2022), in press (doi: 10.1002/mds.29212)(in press),

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See detailEmerging ecologies and changing relations: a brief manifesto for histories of education after COVID-19
Priem, Karin UL

in Paedagogica Historica (2022)

he paper draws upon photography as an active intervention into compromised environments and uses it to discover and develop new perspectives on past and future histories of education after COVID-19. These ... [more ▼]

he paper draws upon photography as an active intervention into compromised environments and uses it to discover and develop new perspectives on past and future histories of education after COVID-19. These perspectives become particularly clear when seen against the backdrop of recent discussions on planetary responsibility and shared ecologies. The paper suggests that we shift our research agendas away from anthropocentric world views that have placed great emphasis on human sovereignty, modernisation, progress and/or decline, nation states and global governance, and the stratifying effects of education systems, without reflecting their ecological consequences. It argues that anthropocentric approaches to history of education have neglected the openness and vulnerability of the human body and its ethical, cultural and social proximity to other living creatures and the material world. The paper therefore focuses on what it means for historians of education to respond to the COVID-19 crisis, what it means to change research perspectives, and what it means to look at photographs that were produced in a state of exception. The paper sets out to propose a manifesto for a post-anthropocentric research agenda that anchors history of education and the history of pandemics in intertwined ecologies of the living and material worlds. The paper suggests that future histories of education cannot be written without considering the COVID-19 crisis as both a challenge and an encouragement to further develop our understanding of education. [less ▲]

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See detailDirect observation of ferroelectricity in two-dimensional MoS2
Lipatov, A.; Iñiguez, Jorge UL; Gruverman, A. et al

in npj 2d materials and applications (2022)

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