Browse ORBilu by Open Access ORBilu The ORBilu Project
ISSN: 2354-5011

ORBilu is a project developed by

 References of "E-prints/Working papers"      in Complete repository Arts & humanities   Archaeology   Art & art history   Classical & oriental studies   History   Languages & linguistics   Literature   Performing arts   Philosophy & ethics   Religion & theology   Multidisciplinary, general & others Business & economic sciences   Accounting & auditing   Production, distribution & supply chain management   Finance   General management & organizational theory   Human resources management   Management information systems   Marketing   Strategy & innovation   Quantitative methods in economics & management   General economics & history of economic thought   International economics   Macroeconomics & monetary economics   Microeconomics   Economic systems & public economics   Social economics   Special economic topics (health, labor, transportation…)   Multidisciplinary, general & others Engineering, computing & technology   Aerospace & aeronautics engineering   Architecture   Chemical engineering   Civil engineering   Computer science   Electrical & electronics engineering   Energy   Geological, petroleum & mining engineering   Materials science & engineering   Mechanical engineering   Multidisciplinary, general & others Human health sciences   Alternative medicine   Anesthesia & intensive care   Cardiovascular & respiratory systems   Dentistry & oral medicine   Dermatology   Endocrinology, metabolism & nutrition   Forensic medicine   Gastroenterology & hepatology   General & internal medicine   Geriatrics   Hematology   Immunology & infectious disease   Laboratory medicine & medical technology   Neurology   Oncology   Ophthalmology   Orthopedics, rehabilitation & sports medicine   Otolaryngology   Pediatrics   Pharmacy, pharmacology & toxicology   Psychiatry   Public health, health care sciences & services   Radiology, nuclear medicine & imaging   Reproductive medicine (gynecology, andrology, obstetrics)   Rheumatology   Surgery   Urology & nephrology   Multidisciplinary, general & others Law, criminology & political science   Civil law   Criminal law & procedure   Criminology   Economic & commercial law   European & international law   Judicial law   Metalaw, Roman law, history of law & comparative law   Political science, public administration & international relations   Public law   Social law   Tax law   Multidisciplinary, general & others Life sciences   Agriculture & agronomy   Anatomy (cytology, histology, embryology...) & physiology   Animal production & animal husbandry   Aquatic sciences & oceanology   Biochemistry, biophysics & molecular biology   Biotechnology   Entomology & pest control   Environmental sciences & ecology   Food science   Genetics & genetic processes   Microbiology   Phytobiology (plant sciences, forestry, mycology...)   Veterinary medicine & animal health   Zoology   Multidisciplinary, general & others Physical, chemical, mathematical & earth Sciences   Chemistry   Earth sciences & physical geography   Mathematics   Physics   Space science, astronomy & astrophysics   Multidisciplinary, general & others Social & behavioral sciences, psychology   Animal psychology, ethology & psychobiology   Anthropology   Communication & mass media   Education & instruction   Human geography & demography   Library & information sciences   Neurosciences & behavior   Regional & inter-regional studies   Social work & social policy   Sociology & social sciences   Social, industrial & organizational psychology   Theoretical & cognitive psychology   Treatment & clinical psychology   Multidisciplinary, general & others     Showing results 1 to 100 of 1518 1 2 3 4 5 6     The mod 2 cohomology rings of congruence subgroups in the Bianchi groupsBerkove, Ethan; Lakeland, Grant; Rahm, Alexander E-print/Working paper (in press)We provide new tools for the calculation of the torsion in the cohomology of congruence subgroups in the Bianchi groups : An algorithm for finding particularly useful fundamental domains, and an analysis ... [more ▼]We provide new tools for the calculation of the torsion in the cohomology of congruence subgroups in the Bianchi groups : An algorithm for finding particularly useful fundamental domains, and an analysis of the equivariant spectral sequence combined with torsion subcomplex reduction. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 304 (21 UL) The edge-based strain smoothing method for compressible and nearly incompressible non-linear elasticity for solid mechanicsLee, Chang-Kye; Mihai, L. Angela; Kerfriden, Pierre et alE-print/Working paper (in press)Detailed reference viewed: 554 (40 UL) Yolanda von Vianden und das Yolanda-EposSieburg, Heinz E-print/Working paper (in press)Detailed reference viewed: 158 (10 UL) Optimal lockdown and vaccination policies to contain the spread of a mutating infectious diseasePrieur, Fabien; Ruan, Weihua; Zou, Benteng E-print/Working paper (2022)We develop a piecewise deterministic control model to study optimal lockdown and vaccination policies to manage a pandemic. Lockdown is modeled as an impulse control that allows the system to switch from ... [more ▼]We develop a piecewise deterministic control model to study optimal lockdown and vaccination policies to manage a pandemic. Lockdown is modeled as an impulse control that allows the system to switch from one restriction regime of restrictions to another. Vaccination policy is a continuous control. Decisions are taken under the risk of mutations of the disease, with repercussions on the transmission rate. The decision maker follows a cost minimization objective. We first characterize the optimality conditions for impulse control and show how the prospect of a mutation affects the decision maker's choice by inducing her to anticipate the relative benefit of a regime change after a mutation has occurred. Under some parametric conditions, our problem admits infinitely many value functions. We show the existence of a minimum value function that is a natural candidate to the solution given the nature of the problem. Focusing on this specific value function, we finally study the features of the optimal policy, especially the timing of impulse control. We prove that uncertainty surrounding future \bad" vs. \good" mutation of the disease expedites vs. delays the adoption of lockdown measures. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 26 (3 UL) The road to a moratorium on kinetic ASAT testing is paved with good intentions, but is it feasible?The road to a moratorium on kinetic ASAT testing is paved with good intentions, but is it feasible?Zarkan, Laetitia ; Almudena Azcárate, AlmudenaE-print/Working paper (2022)Detailed reference viewed: 37 (0 UL) Mitochondrial DNA heteroplasmy distinguishes disease manifestation in PINK1- and PRKN-linked Parkinson's disease 2022.05.17.22275087Trinh, Joanne; Hicks, Andrew A.; Koenig, Inke R. et alE-print/Working paper (2022)Biallelic mutations in PINK1 and PRKN cause recessively inherited Parkinson's disease (PD). Though some studies suggest that PINK1/PRKN monoallelic mutations may not contribute to risk, deep phenotyping ... [more ▼]Biallelic mutations in PINK1 and PRKN cause recessively inherited Parkinson's disease (PD). Though some studies suggest that PINK1/PRKN monoallelic mutations may not contribute to risk, deep phenotyping assessment showed that PINK1 or PRKN monoallelic pathogenic variants were at a significantly higher rate in PD compared to controls. Given the established role of PINK1 and Parkin in regulating mitochondrial dynamics, we explored mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) integrity and inflammation as potential disease modifiers in carriers of mutations in these genes. MtDNA integrity, global gene expression and serum cytokine levels were investigated in a large collection of biallelic (n=84) and monoallelic (n=170) carriers of PINK1/PRKN mutations, iPD patients (n=67) and controls (n=90). Affected and unaffected PINK1/PRKN monoallelic mutation carriers can be distinguished by heteroplasmic mtDNA variant load (AUC=0.83, CI:0.74-0.93). Biallelic PINK1/PRKN mutation carriers harbor more heteroplasmic mtDNA variants in blood (p=0.0006, Z=3.63) compared to monoallelic mutation carriers. This enrichment was confirmed in iPSC-derived and postmortem midbrain neurons from biallelic PRKN-PD patients. Lastly, the heteroplasmic mtDNA variant load was found to correlate with IL6 levels in PINK1/PRKN mutation carriers (r=0.57, p=0.0074). PINK1/PRKN mutations predispose individuals to mtDNA variant accumulation in a dose- and disease-dependent manner. MtDNA variant load over time is a potential marker of disease manifestation in PINK1/PRKN mutation carriers.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.Funding StatementThe authors wish to thank the many patients and their families who volunteered, and the efforts of the many clinical teams involved. Funding has been obtained from the German Research Foundation (ProtectMove; FOR 2488, GR 3731/5-1; SE 2608/2-1; KO 2250/7-1), the Luxembourg National Research Fund in the ATTRACT (Model-IPD, FNR9631103), NCER-PD (FNR11264123) and INTER programmes (ProtectMove, FNR11250962; MiRisk-PD, C17/BM/11676395, NB 4328/2-1), the BMBF (MitoPD), the Hermann and Lilly Schilling Foundation, the European Community (SysMedPD), the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), Peter and Traudl Engelhorn Foundation. Initial studies in Tunisia on familial parkinsonism were in collaboration with Lefkos Middleton, Rachel Gibson, and the GlaxoSmithKline PD Programme Team (2002-2005). We would like to thank Dr Helen Tuppen from the Welcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, UK for providing us with the plasmid p7D1. Moreover, this project was supported by the high throughput/high content screening platform and HPC facility at the Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, and the University of Luxembourg.Author DeclarationsI confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained.YesThe details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below:University of Lubeck Ethics CommitteeI confirm that all necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived, and that any patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or participants themselves) outside the research group so cannot be used to identify individuals.YesI understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance).Yes I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines and uploaded the relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material as supplementary files, if applicable.YesAll data produced in the present study are available upon reasonable request to the authors [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 26 (1 UL) Erinnerungspolitik und –praxis in Luxemburg am Beispiel einer gegenwärtigen KontroverseKmec, Sonja E-print/Working paper (2022)In September 2021, so-called stumbling blocks were set by a Luxembourg school class: four for Jewish people who were murdered in concentration camps and eleven for young men who were forcibly drafted into ... [more ▼]In September 2021, so-called stumbling blocks were set by a Luxembourg school class: four for Jewish people who were murdered in concentration camps and eleven for young men who were forcibly drafted into the Wehrmacht and died in the war. The commemoration triggered a broadly received controversy, which this article aims to explain and contextualize. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 30 (0 UL) Internship and Public History TrainingCauvin, Thomas E-print/Working paper (2022)Detailed reference viewed: 28 (2 UL) Creating Public History Master Programs: International GuidelinesCauvin, Thomas ; Montt, Maria; Will, Stoutamire et alE-print/Working paper (2022)Detailed reference viewed: 166 (8 UL) Why and when coalitions split? An alternative analytical approach with an application to environmental agreementsBoucekkine, Raouf; Camacho, Carmen; Ruan, Weihua et alE-print/Working paper (2022)We use a parsimonious two-stage differential game setting where the duration of the first stage, the coalition stage, depends on the will of a particular player to leave the coalition through an explicit ... [more ▼]We use a parsimonious two-stage differential game setting where the duration of the first stage, the coalition stage, depends on the will of a particular player to leave the coalition through an explicit timing variable. By specializing in a standard linear-quadratic environmental model augmented with a minimal constitutional setting for the coalition (payoff share parameter), we are able to analytically extract several nontrivial findings. Three key aspects drive the results: the technological gap as an indicator of heterogeneity across players, the constitution of the coalition and the intensity of the public bad (here, the pollution damage). We provide with a full analytical solution to the two-stage differential game. In particular, we characterize the intermediate parametric cases leading to optimal nite time splitting. A key characteristic of these finite-time-lived coalitions is the requirement of the payoff share accruing to the splitting country to be large enough. Incidentally, our two-stage differential game setting reaches the conclusion that splitting countries are precisely those which use to benefit the most from the coalition. Constraining the payoff share to be low by Constitution may lead to optimal everlasting coalitions only provided initial pollution is high enough, which may cover the emergency cases we are witnessing nowadays. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 77 (7 UL) Solvability of systems of invariant differential equations on H2 and beyondPalmirotta, Guendalina ; Olbrich, Martin E-print/Working paper (2022)We show how the Fourier transform for distributional sections of vector bundles over symmetric spaces of non-compact type G/K can be used for questions of solvability of systems of invariant differential ... [more ▼]We show how the Fourier transform for distributional sections of vector bundles over symmetric spaces of non-compact type G/K can be used for questions of solvability of systems of invariant differential equations in analogy to Hörmander’s proof of the Ehrenpreis-Malgrange theorem. We get complete solvability for the hyperbolic plane H2 and partial results for products H^2 × · · · × H^2 and the hyperbolic 3-space H^3. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 40 (0 UL) Findings from the ÉpStan National Education Monitoring against the Background of the COVID-19 PandemicFischbach, Antoine ; Colling, Joanne ; Levy, Jessica et alE-print/Working paper (2022)Detailed reference viewed: 20 (2 UL) Les USA renoncent aux tests de destruction de satellites afin de réduire les débris spatiauxLes USA renoncent aux tests de destruction de satellites afin de réduire les débris spatiauxZarkan, Laetitia E-print/Working paper (2022)Detailed reference viewed: 31 (0 UL) Finite Mixture Models for an underlying Beta distribution with an application to COVID-19 dataSchiltz, Jang ; Noel, Cédric E-print/Working paper (2022)Detailed reference viewed: 34 (2 UL) Does (Re-)Entering the Labor Market at Advanced Ages Protect Against Cognitive Decline? A Panel-Matching Difference-in-differences ApproachKim, Jung Hyun ; Muniz-Terrera, Graciela; Leist, Anja E-print/Working paper (2022)While prolonged labor market participation becomes increasingly important in ageing societies, evidence of the impacts of entering or exiting work beyond age 65 on cognitive functioning is scarce. We ... [more ▼]While prolonged labor market participation becomes increasingly important in ageing societies, evidence of the impacts of entering or exiting work beyond age 65 on cognitive functioning is scarce. We estimate these effects using panel-matching difference-in-differences with populationrepresentative panel datasets from South Korea and the United States. We compare countries and across socioeconomic characteristics. We find general positive effects of entering the labor market in South Korea, while only individuals with high assets in the US benefit from entering the labor market. Exiting the labor market does not result in changes in cognitive functioning in Korea but is followed by a cognitive decline in individuals with low assets in the US. Findings suggest that the benefits and disincentives from late-life labor status transitions on cognitive functioning vary between South Korea and the US and across socioeconomic groups. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 24 (3 UL) Die Vielfalt der Sozialen Arbeit in Luxemburg und die Arbeitsmarktzahlen 2021Böwen, Petra ; Flammang, Manou LaureE-print/Working paper (2022)Dieser Newsletter beschreibt den Arbeitsmarkt der Sozialen Arbeit in Luxemburg 2021, gibt einen Überblick über die Berufsqualifikationen und die Vielfalt der Praxisfelder und spezifischen Arbeitsbereiche.Detailed reference viewed: 92 (2 UL) CNV-ClinViewer: Enhancing the clinical interpretation of large copy-number variants onlineMacnee, Marie; Perez-Palma, Eduardo; Brünger, Tobias et alE-print/Working paper (2022)Purpose Large copy number variants (CNVs) can cause a heterogeneous spectrum of rare and severe disorders. However, most CNVs are benign and are part of natural variation in human genomes. CNV ... [more ▼]Purpose Large copy number variants (CNVs) can cause a heterogeneous spectrum of rare and severe disorders. However, most CNVs are benign and are part of natural variation in human genomes. CNV pathogenicity classification, genotype-phenotype analyses, and therapeutic target identification are challenging and time-consuming tasks that require the integration and analysis of information from multiple scattered sources by experts. Methods We developed a web-application combining >250,000 patient and population CNVs together with a large set of biomedical annotations and provide tools for CNV classification based on ACMG/ClinGen guidelines and gene-set enrichment analyses. Results Here, we introduce the CNV-ClinViewer (https://cnv-ClinViewer.broadinstitute.org), an open-source web-application for clinical evaluation and visual exploration of CNVs. The application enables real-time interactive exploration of large CNV datasets in a user-friendly designed interface. Conclusion Overall, this resource facilitates semi-automated clinical CNV interpretation and genomic loci exploration and, in combination with clinical judgment, enables clinicians and researchers to formulate novel hypotheses and guide their decision-making process. Subsequently, the CNV-ClinViewer enhances for clinical investigators patient care and for basic scientists translational genomic research. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 135 (1 UL) POTENTIAL METHOD AND PROJECTION THEOREMS FOR MACROSCOPIC HAUSDORFF DIMENSIONDaw, Lara ; Seuret, StephaneE-print/Working paper (2022)Detailed reference viewed: 36 (2 UL) Estimating a regression function in exponential families by model selectionChen, Juntong E-print/Working paper (2022)Detailed reference viewed: 65 (25 UL) Pandemic Impacts on Sustainability and Hartwick’s RuleMavi, Can; Zou, Benteng E-print/Working paper (2022)In this study, we present a modified Hartwick rule encompassing the dynamics of pandemic, such as COVID-19. In our setting, the labor productivity gradually improves after the pandemic shock and may even ... [more ▼]In this study, we present a modified Hartwick rule encompassing the dynamics of pandemic, such as COVID-19. In our setting, the labor productivity gradually improves after the pandemic shock and may even go beyond its pre-pandemic level due to the remote work and digitalization as also suggested by the empirical evidence. We demonstrate that a gradual labor productivity increase helps to conserve natural resources. We provide a theoretical foundation for a“sooner-the-better" strategy to control a pandemic, and we show that policy maker should implement a “whatever it costs” response to ensure that the transmission rate of the virus is below the recovery rate from the very beginning of the pandemic. Otherwise, the economy cannot have a sustained utility. We also analyze the implications of an “uncertain” pandemic on the intertemporal dynamics of natural resource and capital accumulation under the maximin criterion. Another important finding is that there exists a new economic and public health trade-off since a strong prevention policy is shown to decrease capital accumulation. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 45 (5 UL) trajeR, an R package for cluster analysis of time seriesNoel, Cédric ; Schiltz, Jang E-print/Working paper (2022)Detailed reference viewed: 28 (0 UL) Delorme’s intertwining conditions for sections of homogeneous vector bundles on two and three dimensional hyperbolic spacesPalmirotta, Guendalina ; Olbrich, Martin E-print/Working paper (2022)The description of the Paley-Wiener space for compactly supported smooth functions C_c^∞(G) on a semi-simple Lie group G involves certain intertwining conditions that are difficult to handle. In the ... [more ▼]The description of the Paley-Wiener space for compactly supported smooth functions C_c^∞(G) on a semi-simple Lie group G involves certain intertwining conditions that are difficult to handle. In the present paper, we make them completely explicit for G = SL(2, R)^d (d ∈ N) and G = SL(2, C). Our results are based on a defining criterion for the Paley-Wiener space, valid for general groups of real rank one, that we derive from Delorme’s proof of the Paley-Wiener theorem. In a forthcoming paper, we will show how these results can be used to study solvability of invariant differential operators between sections of homogeneous vector bundles over the corresponding symmetric spaces. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 46 (0 UL) Retransmission of broadcast signals by cable in hotels - An analysis of the EU CabSat-Directive in light of a pending CJEU caseCole, Mark David E-print/Working paper (2022)It is well-known that the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) has played a key role in giving the EU acquis in the area of intellectual property law the relevance it has today. Especially the ... [more ▼]It is well-known that the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) has played a key role in giving the EU acquis in the area of intellectual property law the relevance it has today. Especially the series of judgments clarifying the broad notion of “communication to the public” as laid down in form of an exclusive right in the so-called InfoSoc Directive 2001/29/EC with which the position of authors was significantly reinforced is an extensively debated and commented outcome. Until the recent addition of the DSM Copyright-Directive (EU) 2019/790 to the EU acquis with its inclusion of a press publisher’s right and increased obligations of platforms when they allow users to upload potentially copyrighted material, the InfoSoc Directive of 2001 has always been in the centre of attention. In the shadow of that Directive stands the so-called CabSat Directive 93/83/EEC , originally created in 1993 as supplementary action in order to ensure the realization of an EU-wide single market for television broadcasting which was initiated by the Television without Frontiers-Directive (TwFD) 89/552/EEC . The aim of the CabSat Directive was and remains the goal of ensuring that in the use of satellite distribution of broadcast programmes as well as retransmission by cable, rightholders’ positions are safeguarded and procedures respected that allow for a smooth realization of such use of broadcast signals. This Directive has only rarely been subject of preliminary reference requests by national courts. This makes a currently pending case highly relevant and gives the Court a unique opportunity to complement its case law on communication to the public for the specific aspect of retransmission of broadcasting signals: It has already in the ground-breaking decision of SGAE in 2006 clarified very firmly that the forwarding of broadcast signals – television programmes, notabene – by hotel operators to the individual rooms of a hotel and thereby offering the guests the possibility of individual access to the broadcast programmes constitutes a communication to the public. For such communication an authorization by the author(s) is needed and without such authorization it violates the exclusive right as laid down in Art. 3(1) InfoSoc Directive. While this has been settled concerning authors, the pending case of C-716/20 concerns exactly the same setup – a hotel operator picking up a satellite signal and disseminating it via cable to the hotel rooms – except that this time the questions to the court are asked through the lens of the CabSat Directive and the legal position of broadcasters vis-à-vis the hotel operators as provided for by the specific national law which transposed EU law. This contribution will therefore first explain the notion of ‘cable retransmission’ and in which parts of EU law it is laid down or referred to (II.). It will then give a more detailed look at the relevant provisions of the CabSat Directive and other related secondary law which establishes the framework for questions of cable retransmission and communication to the public (III.). Further, the case law of the CJEU will be analysed in order to identify those judgments that contribute to the clarification of the open question whether a retransmission by cable of a broadcast programme by hotel operators falls under the notion of cable retransmission as presented (IV.). As the actual question has not been answered by the Court in its jurisprudence so far, the main aspects of the pending preliminary proceedings will be explained without going into the details of the national proceedings of the previous instances, before the Portuguese Supremo Tribunal de Justiça (Supreme Court) decided to stay the proceedings and request from the CJEU a clarification of the EU law-related aspects. The criteria as developed will show – when applied to the case at hand – that the hotel operator needs to be qualified as an operator of a cable network conducting a cable retransmission (V.). Finally, in a concluding section the relevance of the outcome of this case will be discussed (VI.). [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 54 (0 UL) FINCITY -- Excerpt from project descriptionHesse, Markus ; Dörry, Sabine; Sigler, ThomasE-print/Working paper (2022)Detailed reference viewed: 56 (0 UL) Estimation of the invariant density for discretely observed diffusion processes: impact of the sampling and of the asynchronicityAmorino, Chiara ; Gloter, ArnaudE-print/Working paper (2022)Detailed reference viewed: 14 (0 UL) Situational Graphs for Robot Navigation in Structured Indoor EnvironmentsBavle, Hriday ; Sanchez Lopez, Jose Luis ; Shaheer, Muhammad et alE-print/Working paper (2022)Detailed reference viewed: 48 (0 UL) Towards Generalizable Machine Learning for Chest X-ray Diagnosis with Multi-task learningGhamizi, Salah ; Garcia Santa Cruz, Beatriz ; Temple, Paul et alE-print/Working paper (2022)Clinicians use chest radiography (CXR) to diagnose common pathologies. Automated classification of these diseases can expedite analysis workflow, scale to growing numbers of patients and reduce healthcare ... [more ▼]Clinicians use chest radiography (CXR) to diagnose common pathologies. Automated classification of these diseases can expedite analysis workflow, scale to growing numbers of patients and reduce healthcare costs. While research has produced classification models that perform well on a given dataset, the same models lack generalization on different datasets. This reduces confidence that these models can be reliably deployed across various clinical settings. We propose an approach based on multitask learning to improve model generalization. We demonstrate that learning a (main) pathology together with an auxiliary pathology can significantly impact generalization performance (between -10% and +15% AUC-ROC). A careful choice of auxiliary pathology even yields competitive performance with state-of-the-art models that rely on fine-tuning or ensemble learning, using between 6% and 34% of the training data that these models required. We, further, provide a method to determine what is the best auxiliary task to choose without access to the target dataset. Ultimately, our work makes a big step towards the creation of CXR diagnosis models applicable in the real world, through the evidence that multitask learning can drastically improve generalization. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 43 (3 UL) Clinically relevant combined effect of polygenic background, rare pathogenic germline variants, and family history on colorectal cancer incidence 2022.01.20.22269585Hassanin, Emadeldin; Spier, Isabel; Bobbili, Dheeraj Reddy et alE-print/Working paper (2022)Background and aims: Summarised in polygenic risk scores (PRS), the effect of common, low penetrant genetic variants associated with colorectal cancer (CRC), can be used for risk stratification.Methods To ... [more ▼]Background and aims: Summarised in polygenic risk scores (PRS), the effect of common, low penetrant genetic variants associated with colorectal cancer (CRC), can be used for risk stratification.Methods To assess the combined impact of the PRS and other main factors on CRC risk, 163,516 individuals from the UK Biobank were stratified as follows: 1. carriers status for germline pathogenic variants (PV) in CRC susceptibility genes (APC, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2), 2. low (<20%), intermediate (20-80%), or high PRS (>80\%), and 3. family history (FH) of CRC. Multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were applied to compare odds ratios (OR) and to compute the lifetime incidence, respectively. Results: Depending on the PRS, the CRC lifetime incidence for non-carriers ranges between 6 and 22\%, compared to 40 and 74 for carriers. A suspicious FH is associated with a further increase of the cumulative incidence reaching 26 for non-carriers and 98 for carriers. In non-carriers without FH, but high PRS, the CRC risk is doubled, whereas a low PRS even in the context of a FH results in a decreased risk. The full model including PRS, carrier status, and FH improved the area under the curve (AUC) in risk prediction (0.704). Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that CRC risks are strongly influenced by the PRS for both a sporadic and monogenic background. FH, PV, and common variants complementary contribute to CRC risk. The implementation of PRS in routine care will likely improve personalized risk stratification, which will in turn guide tailored preventive surveillance strategies in high, intermediate, and low risk groups. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 57 (2 UL) Der Arbeitsmarkt der Sozialen Arbeit 2020 = Le marché de l'emploi du secteur social en 2020Böwen, Petra ; Flammang, Manou Laure E-print/Working paper (2022)Dieser Newsletter beschreibt den Arbeitsmarkt der Sozialen Arbeit in Luxemburg 2020 und die Entwicklung der Zahlen in einigen Bereichen für 2018 bis 2020. Die Daten stammen von einem fortlaufenden ... [more ▼]Dieser Newsletter beschreibt den Arbeitsmarkt der Sozialen Arbeit in Luxemburg 2020 und die Entwicklung der Zahlen in einigen Bereichen für 2018 bis 2020. Die Daten stammen von einem fortlaufenden Forschungsprojekt des PraxisBüros der Universität Luxemburg. Der Newsletter stellt eine Auswahl an Statistiken dar, z.B. bezüglich der meist gefragten Qualifikationsniveaus, der Verteilung der Praxisfelder, der Verteilung der Stellenangebote zwischen öffentlichen, kommunalen, gemeinnützigen und privaten Trägern und der erfassten enormen Diskrepanz zwischen Nachfrage und Angebot an qualifizierten Professionellen in der Sozialen Arbeit. Desweiteren werden Entwicklungstrends- vor allem zu Thema Aus- und Weiterbildung aufgezeigt. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 765 (53 UL) The Irreversible Pollution GameBoucekkine, Raouf; Ruan, Weihua; Zou, Benteng E-print/Working paper (2022)We study a 2-country differential game with irreversible pollution. Irresability is of a hard type: above a certain threshold level of pollution, the self-cleaning capacity of Nature drops to zero ... [more ▼]We study a 2-country differential game with irreversible pollution. Irresability is of a hard type: above a certain threshold level of pollution, the self-cleaning capacity of Nature drops to zero. Accordingly, the game includes a non-concave feature, and we characterize both the cooperative and non-cooperative versions with this general non-LQ property. We deliver full analytical results for the existence of Markov Perfect Equilibria. We first demonstrate that when pollution costs are equal across players (symmetry), irreversible pollution regimes are more frequently reached than under cooperation. Second, we study the implications of asymmetry in the pollution cost. We find far nontrivial results on the reachability of the irreversible regime. However, we unambiguously prove that, for the same total cost of pollution, provided the irreversible regime is reached in both the symmetric and asymmetric cases, long-term pollution is larger in the symmetric case, reflecting more intensive free-riding under symmetry. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 79 (13 UL) On Leopoldt's and Gross's defects for Artin representationsMaksoud, Alexandre E-print/Working paper (2022)We generalize Waldschmidt's bound for Leopoldt's defect and prove a similar bound for Gross's defect for an arbitrary extension of number fields. As an application, we prove new cases of the generalized ... [more ▼]We generalize Waldschmidt's bound for Leopoldt's defect and prove a similar bound for Gross's defect for an arbitrary extension of number fields. As an application, we prove new cases of the generalized Gross conjecture (also known as the Gross-Kuz'min conjecture) beyond the classical abelian case, and we show that Gross's p-adic regulator has at least half of the conjectured rank. We also describe and compute non-cyclotomic analogues of Gross's defect. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 33 (0 UL) DLT-Based Enhancement of Cross-Border Payment Efficiency – a Legal and Regulatory PerspectiveZetzsche, Dirk Andreas ; Anker-Sorensen, Linn; Passador, Maria et alE-print/Working paper (2022)Detailed reference viewed: 34 (2 UL) Building Regional Payment Areas: The Single Rule Book ApproachZetzsche, Dirk Andreas ; Lammer, Thomas; Gazi, S. et alE-print/Working paper (2022)Detailed reference viewed: 24 (0 UL) From gravity to string topologyMerkoulov (merkulov), Serguei E-print/Working paper (2022)The chain gravity properad introduced earlier by the author acts on the cyclic Hochschild of any cyclic A∞ algebra equipped with a scalar product of degree −d. In particular, it acts on the cyclic ... [more ▼]The chain gravity properad introduced earlier by the author acts on the cyclic Hochschild of any cyclic A∞ algebra equipped with a scalar product of degree −d. In particular, it acts on the cyclic Hochschild complex of any Poincare duality algebra of degree d, and that action factors through a quotient dg properad ST3−d of ribbon graphs which is in focus of this paper. We show that its cohomology properad H∙(ST3−d) is highly non-trivial and that it acts canonically on the reduced equivariant homology H¯S1∙(LM) of the loop space LM of any simply connected d-dimensional closed manifold M. By its very construction, the string topology properad H∙(ST3−d) comes equipped with a morphism from the gravity properad which is fully determined by the compactly supported cohomology of the moduli spaces Mg,n of stable algebraic curves of genus g with marked points. This result gives rise to new universal operations in string topology as well as reproduces in a unified way several known constructions: we show that (i) H∙(ST3−d) is also a properad under the properad of involutive Lie bialgebras in degree 3−d whose induced action on H¯S1∙(LM) agrees precisely with the famous purely geometric construction of M. Chas and D. Sullivan, (ii) H∙(ST3−d) is a properad under the properad of homotopy involutive Lie bialgebras in degree 2−d; (iii) E. Getzler's gravity operad injects into H∙(ST3−d) implying a purely algebraic counterpart of the geometric construction of C. Westerland establishing an action of the gravity operad on H¯S1∙(LM). [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 35 (0 UL) A restless badit approach for capacitated condition based maintenance schedulingDemirci, Ece; Arts, Joachim ; Van Houtum, Geert-JanE-print/Working paper (2022)Detailed reference viewed: 81 (11 UL) Francis Édeline, Entre la lettre et l’image. A la recherche d’un lieu commun (Textes réunis par Juliana Di Fiori Pondian), Louvain-la-Neuve, Academia, L’Harmattan « Extensions sémiotiques », 2020, 304 pages, ISBN : 978-2-8061-0550-9,Roelens, Nathalie E-print/Working paper (2022)Detailed reference viewed: 40 (0 UL) Homological projective duality for the Segre cubicBeckmann, Thorsten; Belmans, Pieter E-print/Working paper (2022)The Segre cubic and Castelnuovo-Richmond quartic are two projectively dual hypersurfaces in P^4, with a long and rich history starting in the 19th century. We will explain how Kuznetsov's theory of ... [more ▼]The Segre cubic and Castelnuovo-Richmond quartic are two projectively dual hypersurfaces in P^4, with a long and rich history starting in the 19th century. We will explain how Kuznetsov's theory of homological projective duality lifts this projective duality to a relationship between the derived category of a small resolution of the Segre cubic and a small resolution of the Coble fourfold, the double cover of P^4 ramified along the Castelnuovo-Richmond quartic. Homological projective duality then provides a description of the derived categories of linear sections, which we will describe to illustrate the theory. The case of the Segre cubic and Coble fourfold is non-trivial enough to exhibit interesting behavior, whilst being easy enough to explain the general machinery in this special and very classical case. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 28 (0 UL) A topological Paley-Wiener-Schwartz Theorem for sections of homogeneous vector bundles on G/KPalmirotta, Guendalina ; Olbrich, Martin E-print/Working paper (2022)We study the Fourier transform for compactly supported distributional sections of complex homogeneous vector bundles on symmetric spaces of non-compact type X = G/K. We prove a characterisation of their ... [more ▼]We study the Fourier transform for compactly supported distributional sections of complex homogeneous vector bundles on symmetric spaces of non-compact type X = G/K. We prove a characterisation of their range. In fact, from Delorme’s Paley-Wiener theorem for compactly supported smooth functions on a real reductive group of Harish-Chandra class, we deduce topological Paley-Wiener and Paley-Wiener- Schwartz theorems for sections. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 47 (6 UL) Fiefs des comtes de Luxembourg au 13e siècle (Grande Région SaarLorLux)Moulin, Philippe; Helfer, Malte ; Pauly, Michel et alE-print/Working paper (2022)This map is an attempt at a cartographic representation of the active fiefs of the Counts of Luxembourg between 1200 and 1310. The map is intended to visualise the presence, frequency and type of feudal ... [more ▼]This map is an attempt at a cartographic representation of the active fiefs of the Counts of Luxembourg between 1200 and 1310. The map is intended to visualise the presence, frequency and type of feudal estates of the Counts of Luxembourg. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 25 (1 UL) Wavelet methods to study the pointwise regularity of the generalized Rosenblatt processDaw, Lara ; Loosveldt, Laurent E-print/Working paper (2022)We prove that we can identify three types of pointwise behaviour in the regularity of the (generalized) Rosenblatt process. This extends to a non Gaussian setting previous results known for the ... [more ▼]We prove that we can identify three types of pointwise behaviour in the regularity of the (generalized) Rosenblatt process. This extends to a non Gaussian setting previous results known for the (fractional) Brownian motion. On this purpose, fine bounds on the increments of the Rosenblatt process are needed. Our analysis is essentially based on various wavelet methods. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 61 (16 UL) An a posteriori error estimator for the spectral fractional power of the LaplacianBulle, Raphaël ; Barrera, Olga; Bordas, Stéphane et alE-print/Working paper (2022)We develop a novel a posteriori error estimator for the L2 error committed by the finite ele- ment discretization of the solution of the fractional Laplacian. Our a posteriori error estimator takes ... [more ▼]We develop a novel a posteriori error estimator for the L2 error committed by the finite ele- ment discretization of the solution of the fractional Laplacian. Our a posteriori error estimator takes advantage of the semi–discretization scheme using a rational approximation which allows to reformulate the fractional problem into a family of non–fractional parametric problems. The estimator involves applying the implicit Bank–Weiser error estimation strategy to each parametric non–fractional problem and reconstructing the fractional error through the same rational approximation used to compute the solution to the original fractional problem. We provide several numerical examples in both two and three-dimensions demonstrating the effectivity of our estimator for varying fractional powers and its ability to drive an adaptive mesh refinement strategy. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 56 (3 UL) Ready for the future? – The third Education Report for Luxembourg (Supplement)Lenz, Thomas ; Backes, Susanne ; Ugen, Sonja et alE-print/Working paper (2022)Detailed reference viewed: 24 (0 UL) Findings from the ÉpStan National Education Monitoring against the Background of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Online SupplementFischbach, Antoine ; Colling, Joanne ; Levy, Jessica et alE-print/Working paper (2022)Detailed reference viewed: 20 (1 UL) binny: an automated binning algorithm to recover high-quality genomes from complex metagenomic datasets 2021.12.22.473795Hickl, Oskar ; Teixeira Queiros, Pedro ; Wilmes, Paul et alE-print/Working paper (2021)The reconstruction of genomes is a critical step in genome-resolved metagenomics as well as for multi-omic data integration from microbial communities. Here, we present binny, a binning tool that produces ... [more ▼]The reconstruction of genomes is a critical step in genome-resolved metagenomics as well as for multi-omic data integration from microbial communities. Here, we present binny, a binning tool that produces high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes from both contiguous and highly fragmented genomes. Based on established metrics, binny outperforms existing state-of-the-art binning methods and finds unique genomes that could not be detected by other methods.binny uses k-mer-composition and coverage by metagenomic reads for iterative, non-linear dimension reduction of genomic signatures as well as subsequent automated contig clustering with cluster assessment using lineage-specific marker gene sets.When compared to five widely used binning algorithms, binny recovers the most near-complete (\>95 pure, \>90 complete) and high-quality (\>90 pure, \>70 complete) genomes from simulated data sets from the Critical Assessment of Metagenome Interpretation (CAMI) initiative, as well as from a real-world benchmark comprised of metagenomes from various environments. binny is implemented as Snakemake workflow and available from https://github.com/a-h-b/binny.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 68 (3 UL) Old Monarchies in Old Europe. Anything new? An Appetizer, with Special Reference to LiechtensteinHeuschling, Luc E-print/Working paper (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 64 (8 UL) Zwischen Denkmalschutz und kanonischem Recht. Die Debatte über die Umnutzung entweihter KirchenPauly, Michel E-print/Working paper (2021)Beim Denkmalschutz von Kirchen wird das Mobiliar in den Kirchen, vom Gestühl bis zum liturgischen Gerät, leider nicht mitgeschützt. Ein ausführlichres Inventar und eine Vereinfachung der Rechtspraxis ... [more ▼]Beim Denkmalschutz von Kirchen wird das Mobiliar in den Kirchen, vom Gestühl bis zum liturgischen Gerät, leider nicht mitgeschützt. Ein ausführlichres Inventar und eine Vereinfachung der Rechtspraxis drängen sich auf. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 34 (1 UL) The precautionary principle and the authorisation of Covid-19 vaccines under EUDonati, Alessandra E-print/Working paper (2021)The decision of the EU Commission, based on positive advice from the European Medicines Agency, to grant conditional marketing authorisation to Covid-19 vaccines should be qualified as a precautionary ... [more ▼]The decision of the EU Commission, based on positive advice from the European Medicines Agency, to grant conditional marketing authorisation to Covid-19 vaccines should be qualified as a precautionary measure. Under the established case law of the CJEU, the conditions for the application of this principle are met. Such conditions are the existence of a risk to the environment and public health and uncertainty. Given this qualification as a precautionary measure, whether the Commission had complied with the procedural obligations that surround the implementation of this principle under EU law was assessed. Some shortcomings are identified concerning the risk assessment conducted by the European Medicines Agency and the risk management carried out by the Commission. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 54 (0 UL) Entre force et diplomatie spatiale : le missile russe Nudol s'invite à la table des négociationsZarkan, Laetitia ; Degrange, Valentin; Peter, HugoE-print/Working paper (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 16 (0 UL) The Impact of the Asset Purchase Programme on Systemic Risk in the Euro Area: Is There a Threat?Chavarro Sanchez, Leidy; Nadal De Simone, Francisco; Lehnert, Thorsten E-print/Working paper (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 62 (0 UL) How enriching sensory awareness develops and affects well-being throughout childhoodLinzarini, Adriano; Cebotari, Victor ; Richardson, Dominic et alE-print/Working paper (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 23 (0 UL) How inquiring develops and affects well-being throughout childhoodVrolijk, Marloes; Cebotari, Victor ; Richardson, Dominic et alE-print/Working paper (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 28 (0 UL) How relaxing develops and affects well-being throughout childhoodCunsolo, Sabbiana; Cebotari, Victor ; Richardson, Dominic et alE-print/Working paper (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 17 (0 UL) Quantum Skyrmion Lattices in Heisenberg FerromagnetsHaller, Andreas ; Groenendijk, Solofo; Habibi, Alireza et alE-print/Working paper (2021)Skyrmions are topological magnetic textures which can arise in non-centrosymmetric ferromagnetic materials. In most systems experimentally investigated to date, skyrmions emerge as classical objects ... [more ▼]Skyrmions are topological magnetic textures which can arise in non-centrosymmetric ferromagnetic materials. In most systems experimentally investigated to date, skyrmions emerge as classical objects. However, the discovery of skyrmions with nanometer length scales has sparked interest in their quantum properties. Quantum corrections to the classical magnetic textures have already been considered in the semiclassical regime. Here, we go beyond this limit by investigating quantum skyrmions in the deep quantum regime. We use density matrix renormalization group techniques to study two-dimensional spin-1/2 Heisenberg ferromagnets with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions and discover a broad region in the zero temperature phase diagram which hosts quantum skyrmion lattice ground states. We argue that this novel quantum skyrmion phase can be detected experimentally in the magnetization profile via local magnetic polarization measurements as well as in the spin structure factor measurable via neutron scattering experiments. Finally, we explore the resulting quantum skyrmion state, analyze its real space polarization profile and show that it is a non-classical state featuring entanglement between quasiparticle and environment mainly localized near the boundary spins of the skyrmion. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 31 (6 UL) Revisiting conceptual tools at the crossroad of postcolonial and sociolinguistic studiesTavares, Bernardino ; Tavares Vieira, Aleida Evandra E-print/Working paper (2021)This is the first research brief in the DisPOSEG Project. DisPOSEG stands for “Disentangling postcolonial encounters in globalisation: a sociolinguistic-ethnographic study of Lusophone migrant workers’ ... [more ▼]This is the first research brief in the DisPOSEG Project. DisPOSEG stands for “Disentangling postcolonial encounters in globalisation: a sociolinguistic-ethnographic study of Lusophone migrant workers’ positioning in third space,” a three-year CORE project funded by the FNR, Luxembourg. This multi-sited project contributes to the fields of postcolonialism, migration studies, sociolinguistics and workplace studies by investigating language, history and migration from Portuguese-speaking countries (Portugal and its former colonies) into Luxembourg, with a focus on migrants’ work, social and linguistic interactions. It problematises interactions of/between concomitant populations of those countries that form this dichotomic colonial matrix of former coloniser and former colonised, and their descendants in Luxembourg, a geographical spaces traditionally perceived as non-colonial. In this first research brief we outline and revisit four interlinked key concepts guiding the project. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 59 (10 UL) Neurotoxic Amyloidogenic Peptides Identified in the Proteome of SARS-COV2: Potential Implications for Neurological Symptoms in COVID-19Islam, Saba; Charnley, Mirren; Bindra, Guneet et alE-print/Working paper (2021)COVID-19 is primarily known as a respiratory disease caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2. However, neurological symptoms such as memory loss, sensory confusion, cognitive and psychiatric issues, severe ... [more ▼]COVID-19 is primarily known as a respiratory disease caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2. However, neurological symptoms such as memory loss, sensory confusion, cognitive and psychiatric issues, severe headaches, and even stroke are reported in as many as 30% of cases and can persist even after the infection is over (so-called ‘long COVID’). These neurological symptoms are thought to be caused by brain inflammation, triggered by the virus infecting the central nervous system of COVID-19 patients, however we still don’t fully understand the mechanisms for these symptoms. The neurological effects of COVID-19 share many similarities to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s in which the presence of cytotoxic protein-based amyloid aggregates is a common etiological feature. Following the hypothesis that some neurological symptoms of COVID-19 may also follow an amyloid etiology we performed a bioinformatic scan of the SARS-CoV-2 proteome, detecting peptide fragments that were predicted to be highly amyloidogenic. We selected two of these peptides and discovered that they do rapidly self-assemble into amyloid. Furthermore, these amyloid assemblies were shown to be highly toxic to a neuronal cell line. We introduce and support the idea that cytotoxic amyloid aggregates of SARS-CoV-2 proteins are causing some of the neurological symptoms commonly found in COVID-19 and contributing to long COVID, especially those symptoms which are novel to long COVID in contrast to other post-viral syndromes. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 26 (1 UL) Non-Standard ErrorsWolff, Christian ; Zhang, Lu ; Holzmeister, FelixE-print/Working paper (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 45 (13 UL) Public support for tax policies in COVID-19 times: Evidence from LuxembourgOlivera, Javier; van Kerm, Philippe E-print/Working paper (2021)We study attitudes towards the introduction of hypothetical new taxes to finance the cost of the COVID-19 pandemic. We rely on survey data collected in Luxembourg in 2020. The survey asks for the ... [more ▼]We study attitudes towards the introduction of hypothetical new taxes to finance the cost of the COVID-19 pandemic. We rely on survey data collected in Luxembourg in 2020. The survey asks for the agreement of respondents over: a one-time net wealth tax, an inheritance tax, a temporary solidarity income tax, and a temporary increase in VAT. All questions include different and randomly assigned tax attributes (tax rates and exemption amounts). We find a clear divide with relativelyhigh support for new wealth and inheritance taxes on the one hand and a low support for increases in VAT and income taxes on the other hand. While 58% of respondents agree or strongly agree with a one-time tax levied on net worth, only24% are in favor of a small increase in VAT. Support for any tax is however negatively associated with the size of the tax as measured by the predicted revenues. Our results indicate that a one-time wealth tax could raise substantial revenues andstill garner public support. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 17 (1 UL) Zur Entwicklung des TSG unter Berücksichtigung der aktuellen politischen Debattede Silva, Adrian E-print/Working paper (2021)The article deals with developments regarding the Transsexual Act and the current political debate on trans law in the Federal Republic of Germany.Detailed reference viewed: 70 (5 UL) Wenn Sicherheitsinteressen kollidieren – Technische und rechtliche Implikationen einer verpflichtenden Zugriffsmöglichkeit auf verschlüsselte Daten durch BehördenSchmitz, Sandra ; Schiffner, StefanE-print/Working paper (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 40 (2 UL) Diversity on the screenZanaj, Skerdilajda E-print/Working paper (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 90 (6 UL) Auswirkungen der Covid-19-Krise auf die Soziale Arbeit in Luxemburg aus Sicht der Praxis : Ergebnisse einer Online-Befragung im Sommer 2020Flammang, Manou Laure ; Böwen, Petra E-print/Working paper (2021)This publication presents the findings of an online survey on the impact of the Covid-19 crisis on social work in Luxembourg from the perspective of practitioners. It shows what effects the crisis as well ... [more ▼]This publication presents the findings of an online survey on the impact of the Covid-19 crisis on social work in Luxembourg from the perspective of practitioners. It shows what effects the crisis as well as the hygiene and protection measures had on daily social work practice, on the addressees and on the practitioners themselves. The findings are then reflected upon and discussed in relation to international research findings and professional publications on the topic of social work in times of Covid-19. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 1461 (67 UL) Earthquakes and Mental HealthBertinelli, Luisito ; Mahé, Clotilde; Strobl, EricE-print/Working paper (2021)Earthquakes may seriously deteriorate mental health by generating fear and stress as a result of economic and human losses. However, mental health has also been found to improve as a result of greater ... [more ▼]Earthquakes may seriously deteriorate mental health by generating fear and stress as a result of economic and human losses. However, mental health has also been found to improve as a result of greater social cohesion in affected communities after the event. We examine the short-run effects of earthquakes on a wide set of mental health outcomes in Ecuador. To this end, we combine hospital admissions, death records, and survey data with precise measures of local seismic activity to exploit the plausibly random spatial and temporal nature of earthquake intensity. We find that damaging earthquakes decrease the propensity to be admitted, the number of days of hospitalisation for mental and behavioural disorders, and deaths due to suicide. Estimates from nationally-representative surveys provide suggestive evidence of increased life satisfaction, trust, and religious observance, and thus provide a possible explanation for the fall in admissions and suicides after an earthquake. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 190 (14 UL) Generalising from Conventional Pipelines: A Case Study in Deep Learning-Based High-Throughput ScreeningGarcia Santa Cruz, Beatriz ; Sölter, Jan; Gomez Giro, Gemma et alE-print/Working paper (2021)The study of complex diseases relies on large amounts of data to build models toward precision medicine. Such data acquisition is feasible in the context of high-throughput screening, in which the quality ... [more ▼]The study of complex diseases relies on large amounts of data to build models toward precision medicine. Such data acquisition is feasible in the context of high-throughput screening, in which the quality of the results relies on the accuracy of the image analysis. Although state-of-the-art solutions for image segmentation employ deep learning approaches, the high cost of manually generating ground truth labels for model training hampers the day-to-day application in experimental laboratories. Alternatively, traditional computer vision-based solutions do not need expensive labels for their implementation. Our work combines both approaches by training a deep learning network using weak training labels automatically generated with conventional computer vision methods. Our network surpasses the conventional segmentation quality by generalising beyond noisy labels, providing a 25 % increase of mean intersection over union, and simultaneously reducing the development and inference times. Our solution was embedded into an easy-to-use graphical user interface that allows researchers to assess the predictions and correct potential inaccuracies with minimal human input. To demonstrate the feasibility of training a deep learning solution on a large dataset of noisy labels automatically generated by a conventional pipeline, we compared our solution against the common approach of training a model from a small manually curated dataset by several experts. Our work suggests that humans perform better in context interpretation, such as error assessment, while computers outperform in pixel-by-pixel fine segmentation. Such pipelines are illustrated with a case study on image segmentation for autophagy events. This work aims for better translation of new technologies to real-world settings in microscopy-image analysis. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 138 (10 UL) Judicial Education and Judicial Independence: Paper given at the 2021 Commonwealth Law ConferenceHappold, Matthew E-print/Working paper (2021)The link between judicial education and an efficient judiciary is, one hopes, obvious. But in order to ensure judicial independence, contemporary wisdom has it, judicial education should also be in the ... [more ▼]The link between judicial education and an efficient judiciary is, one hopes, obvious. But in order to ensure judicial independence, contemporary wisdom has it, judicial education should also be in the hands of the judiciary. Absent such control, there is a risk that judges may be indoctrinated by interested actors and their independence compromised. Some critics, however, have been sceptical about judicial control of judicial education. Judicial control of education often justified on basis of expertise as well as need to protect independence. But judges are not pedagogues (and their view of what judging does, or should, entail are often untheorized). Nor are they particularly representative of society. In addition, a danger unmitigated by judicial control of judicial education is regulatory capture, defined as ‘the result or process by which regulation, in law or application, is consistently or repeatedly directed away from the public interest and toward the interests of the regulated industry, by the intent and action of the industry itself'. Even if other voices are integrated into discussions, the danger exists that they might seek to subvert the process to privilege their interests over the general interest. Such concerns have recently been raised in England and Wales with regard to the Equal Treatment Bench Book. The paper examines the relationship between judicial education and judicial independence through the lens of this controversy. It concludes that when judicial education trespass on the independence of the individual judge is not an easy question to answer (not least because education is always about socialization) but, crucially, it is not one answered by putting judicial education in the hands of the judiciary. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 33 (0 UL) Parental migration and psychological well-being of children. Longitudinal evidence from GhanaRaturi, Radhika; Cebotari, Victor E-print/Working paper (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 36 (0 UL) From SLAM to Situational Awareness: Challenges and SurveyBavle, Hriday ; Sanchez Lopez, Jose Luis ; Schmidt F, Eduardo et alE-print/Working paper (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 49 (0 UL) A global carbon tax? Why firm mobility and heterogeneity mattersZanaj, Skerdilajda E-print/Working paper (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 209 (14 UL) The role of economic complexity on the formation of gender rolesZanaj, Skerdilajda E-print/Working paper (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 134 (18 UL) Requirements And Threat Models of Adversarial Attacks and Robustness of Chest X-ray classificationGhamizi, Salah ; Cordy, Maxime ; Papadakis, Mike et alE-print/Working paper (2021)Vulnerability to adversarial attacks is a well-known weakness of Deep Neural Networks. While most of the studies focus on natural images with standardized benchmarks like ImageNet and CIFAR, little ... [more ▼]Vulnerability to adversarial attacks is a well-known weakness of Deep Neural Networks. While most of the studies focus on natural images with standardized benchmarks like ImageNet and CIFAR, little research has considered real world applications, in particular in the medical domain. Our research shows that, contrary to previous claims, robustness of chest x-ray classification is much harder to evaluate and leads to very different assessments based on the dataset, the architecture and robustness metric. We argue that previous studies did not take into account the peculiarity of medical diagnosis, like the co-occurrence of diseases, the disagreement of labellers (domain experts), the threat model of the attacks and the risk implications for each successful attack. In this paper, we discuss the methodological foundations, review the pitfalls and best practices, and suggest new methodological considerations for evaluating the robustness of chest xray classification models. Our evaluation on 3 datasets, 7 models, and 18 diseases is the largest evaluation of robustness of chest x-ray classification models. We believe our findings will provide reliable guidelines for realistic evaluation and improvement of the robustness of machine learning models for medical diagnosis. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 110 (12 UL) Labor Market Effects of Technology Shocks biased Toward the Traded SectorBertinelli, Luisito ; Cardi; RestoutE-print/Working paper (2021)Motivated by recent evidence pointing at an increasing contribution of asymmetric shocks across sectors to economic fluctuations, we explore the labor market effects of technology shocks biased toward the ... [more ▼]Motivated by recent evidence pointing at an increasing contribution of asymmetric shocks across sectors to economic fluctuations, we explore the labor market effects of technology shocks biased toward the traded sector. Our VAR evidence for seventeen OECD countries reveals that the non-traded sector alone drives the increase in total hours worked following a technology shock that increases permanently traded relative to non-traded TFP. The shock generates a reallocation of labor toward the non-traded sector which contributes to 35% on average of the rise in non-traded hours worked. Both labor reallocation and variations in labor income shares are found empirically connected with factor-biased technological change. Our quantitative analysis shows that a two-sector open economy model with flexible prices can reproduce the labor market effects we document empirically once we allow for imperfect mobility of labor, gross substitutability between home- and foreign-produced traded goods, and factor-biased technological change. When calibrating the model to country-specific data, its ability to account for the cross-country reallocation and redistributive effects we estimate increases once we let factor-biased technological change vary between sectors and across countries. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 152 (7 UL) A Formalisation of Abstract Argumentation in Higher-Order LogicSteen, Alexander ; Fuenmayor Pelaez, David E-print/Working paper (2021)We present an approach for representing abstract argumentation frameworks based on an encoding into classical higher-order logic. This provides a uniform framework for computer-assisted assessment of ... [more ▼]We present an approach for representing abstract argumentation frameworks based on an encoding into classical higher-order logic. This provides a uniform framework for computer-assisted assessment of abstract argumentation frameworks using interactive and automated reasoning tools. This enables the formal analysis and verification of meta-theoretical properties as well as the flexible generation of extensions and labellings with respect to well-known argumentation semantics. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 112 (3 UL) Active reconfiguration of cytoplasmic lipid droplets governs migration of nutrient-limited phytoplanktonSengupta, Anupam ; Dhar, Jayabrata ; Danza, Francesco et alE-print/Working paper (2021)As open oceans continue to warm, modified currents and enhanced stratification exacerbate nitrogen and phosphorus limitation, constraining primary production. The ability to migrate vertically bestows ... [more ▼]As open oceans continue to warm, modified currents and enhanced stratification exacerbate nitrogen and phosphorus limitation, constraining primary production. The ability to migrate vertically bestows motile phytoplankton a crucial–albeit energetically expensive–advantage toward vertically redistributing for optimal growth, uptake and resource storage in nutrient-limited water columns. However, this traditional view discounts the possibility that the phytoplankton migration strategy may be actively selected by the storage dynamics when nutrients turn limiting. Here we report that storage and migration in phytoplankton are coupled traits, whereby motile species harness energy storing lipid droplets (LDs) to biomechanically regulate migration in nutrient limited settings. LDs grow and translocate–directionally–within the cytoplasm to accumulate below the cell nucleus, tuning the speed, trajectory and stability of swimming cells. Nutrient reincorporation reverses the LD translocation, restoring the homeostatic migratory traits measured in population-scale millifluidic experiments. Combining intracellular LD tracking and quantitative morphological analysis of red-tide forming alga, Heterosigma akashiwo, along with a model of cell mechanics, we discover that the size and spatial localization of growing LDs govern the ballisticity and orientational stability of migration. The strain-specific shifts in migration which we identify here are amenable to a selective emergence of mixotrophy in nutrient-limited phytoplankton. We rationalize these distinct behavioral acclimatization in an ecological context, relying on concomitant tracking of the photophysiology and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and propose a dissipative energy budget for motile phytoplankton alleviating nutrient limitation. The emergent resource acquisition strategies, enabled by distinct strain-specific migratory acclimatizing mechanisms, highlight the active role of the reconfigurable cytoplasmic LDs in guiding vertical movement. By uncovering the mechanistic coupling between dynamics of intracellular changes to physiologically-governed migration strategies, this work offers a tractable framework to delineate diverse strategies which phytoplankton may harness to maximize fitness and resource pool in nutrient-limited open oceans of the future. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 63 (10 UL) Minimax rate of estimation for invariant densities associated to continuous stochastic differential equations over anisotropic Holder classesAmorino, Chiara ; Gloter, ArnaudE-print/Working paper (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 17 (0 UL) Analysis and Probing of Parallel Channels in the Lightning NetworkBiryukov, Alexei ; Naumenko, Gleb; Tikhomirov, Sergei E-print/Working paper (2021)Bitcoin can process only a few transactions per second, which is insufficient for a global payment network. The Lightning Network (LN) aims to address this challenge. The LN allows for low-latency bitcoin ... [more ▼]Bitcoin can process only a few transactions per second, which is insufficient for a global payment network. The Lightning Network (LN) aims to address this challenge. The LN allows for low-latency bitcoin transfers through a network of payment channels. In contrast to regular Bitcoin transactions, payments in the LN are not globally broadcast. Thus it may improve not only Bitcoin's scalability but also privacy. However, the probing attack allows an adversary to discover channel balances, threatening users' privacy. Prior work on probing did not account for the possibility of multiple (parallel) channels between two nodes. Naive probing algorithms yield false results for parallel channels. In this work, we develop a new probing model that accurately accounts for parallel channels. We describe jamming-enhanced probing that allows for full balance information extraction in multi-channel hops, which was impossible with earlier probing methods. We quantify the attacker's information gain and propose an optimized algorithm for choosing probe amounts for N-channel hops. We demonstrate its efficiency based on real-world data using our own probing-focused LN simulator. Finally, we discuss countermeasures such as new forwarding strategies, intra-hop payment split, rebalancing, and unannounced channels. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 63 (5 UL) QKD parameter estimation by two-universal hashing leads to faster convergence to the asymptotic rateOstrev, Dimiter E-print/Working paper (2021)This paper proposes and proves security of a QKD protocol which uses two-universal hashing instead of random sampling to estimate the number of bit flip and phase flip errors. This protocol dramatically ... [more ▼]This paper proposes and proves security of a QKD protocol which uses two-universal hashing instead of random sampling to estimate the number of bit flip and phase flip errors. This protocol dramatically outperforms previous QKD protocols for small block sizes. More generally, for the two-universal hashing QKD protocol, the difference between asymptotic and finite key rate decreases with the number $n$ of qubits as $cn^{-1}$, where $c$ depends on the security parameter. For comparison, the same difference decreases no faster than $c'n^{-1/3}$ for an optimized protocol that uses random sampling and has the same asymptotic rate, where $c'$ depends on the security parameter and the error rate. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 51 (5 UL) Economic development, weather shocks and child marriage in South Asia: A machine learning approachDietrich, Stephan; Meysonnat, Aline; Rosales, Francisco et alE-print/Working paper (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 63 (0 UL) The discrepancy between min-max statistics of Gaussian and Gaussian-subordinated matricesPeccati, Giovanni ; Turchi, Nicola E-print/Working paper (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 38 (1 UL) Impact of mining boom on the quality of public goods in Sub-Saharan AfricaBertinelli, Luisito ; Bourgain, Arnaud E-print/Working paper (2021)In this paper, we investigate the impact of public mining revenues on perception indicators of public goods quality in five mining countries that have recently experienced a boom in their government ... [more ▼]In this paper, we investigate the impact of public mining revenues on perception indicators of public goods quality in five mining countries that have recently experienced a boom in their government revenues: Burkina Faso, Ghana, D.R. Congo, Tanzania, and Zambia. The effect of the tax revenue boom is identified using a difference-in-differences estimation strategy. Our estimations indicate that people living in mining regions as having a sense of structural disadvantage in terms of the provision of public goods; however, this perception is pro-cyclical in the presence of resource booms/busts. Our results hold even after taking account of the possible endogeneity of our measure of resource revenue. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 144 (8 UL) Evaluation of TPMS Signal Propagation in a Heavy Commercial Vehicle EnvironementRida, Ahmad ; Ridha, Soua; Engel, Thomas E-print/Working paper (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 72 (7 UL) Hessian heat kernel estimates and Calderón-Zygmund inequalities on complete Riemannian manifoldsCao, Jun; Cheng, Li-Juan; Thalmaier, Anton E-print/Working paper (2021)We address some fundamental questions about geometric analysis on Riemannian manifolds. The L^p-Calderón-Zygmund inequality is one of the cornerstones in the regularity theory of elliptic equations, and ... [more ▼]We address some fundamental questions about geometric analysis on Riemannian manifolds. The L^p-Calderón-Zygmund inequality is one of the cornerstones in the regularity theory of elliptic equations, and it has been asked under which geometric conditions it holds for a reasonable class of non-compact Riemannian manifolds, and to what extent assumptions on the derivative of curvature and on the injectivity radius of the manifold are necessary. In the present paper, for 12. In this case we complement the study of Güneysu-Pigola (2015) and derive sufficient geometric criteria for the validity of the Calderón-Zygmund inequality under additional Kato class bounds on the Riemann curvature tensor and the covariant derivative of Ricci curvature. Bounds in the Kato class are integral conditions and much weaker than pointwise bounds. Throughout the proofs, probabilistic tools, like Hessian formulas and Bismut type representations for heat semigroups, play a significant role. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 114 (14 UL) Some inequalities on Riemannian manifolds linking Entropy, Fisher information, Stein discrepancy and Wasserstein distanceCheng, Li-Juan; Thalmaier, Anton ; Wang, Feng-YuE-print/Working paper (2021)For a complete connected Riemannian manifold M let V∊ C^2(M) be such that µ(dx)=exp(-V(x))vol(dx) is a probability measure on M. Taking µ as reference measure, we derive inequalities for probability ... [more ▼]For a complete connected Riemannian manifold M let V∊ C^2(M) be such that µ(dx)=exp(-V(x))vol(dx) is a probability measure on M. Taking µ as reference measure, we derive inequalities for probability measures on M linking relative entropy, Fisher information, Stein discrepancy and Wasserstein distance. These inequalities strengthen in particular the famous log-Sobolev and transportation-cost inequality and extend the so-called Entropy/Stein-discrepancy/Information (HSI) inequality established by Ledoux, Nourdin and Peccati (2015) for the standard Gaussian measure on Euclidean space to the setting of Riemannian manifolds. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 59 (8 UL) Gravity prop and moduli spaces Mg,nMerkoulov (merkulov), Serguei E-print/Working paper (2021)Let Mg,n be the moduli space of algebraic curves of genus g with m+n marked points decomposed into the disjoint union of two sets of cardinalities m and n, and H∙c(Mm+n) its compactly supported cohomology ... [more ▼]Let Mg,n be the moduli space of algebraic curves of genus g with m+n marked points decomposed into the disjoint union of two sets of cardinalities m and n, and H∙c(Mm+n) its compactly supported cohomology group. We prove that the collection of S-bimodules {H∙−mc(Mg,m+n)} has the structure of a properad (called the gravity properad) such that it contains the (degree shifted) E. Getzler's gravity operad as the sub-collection {H∙−1c(M0,1+n)}n≥2. Moreover, we prove that the generators of the 1-dimensional cohomology groups H∙−1c(M0,1+2), H∙−2c(M0,2+1) and H∙−3c(M0,3+0) satisfy with respect to this properadic structure the relations of the (degree shifted) quasi-Lie bialgebra, a fact making the totality of cohomology groups ∏g,m,nH∙c(Mg,m+n)⊗Sopm×Sn(sgnm⊗Idn) into a complex with the differential fully determined by the just mentioned three cohomology classes . It is proven that this complex contains infinitely many cohomology classes, all coming from M. Kontsevich's odd graph complex. The gravity prop structure is established with the help of T. Willwacher's twisting endofunctor (in the category of properads under the operad of Lie algebras) and K. Costello's theory of moduli spaces of nodal disks with marked boundaries and internal marked points (such that each disk contains at most one internal marked point). [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 59 (0 UL) From robust tests to Bayes-like posterior distributionsBaraud, Yannick E-print/Working paper (2021)In the Bayes paradigm and for a given loss function, we propose the construction of a new type of posterior distributions for estimating the law of an n-sample. The loss functions we have in mind are ... [more ▼]In the Bayes paradigm and for a given loss function, we propose the construction of a new type of posterior distributions for estimating the law of an n-sample. The loss functions we have in mind are based on the total variation distance, the Hellinger distance as well as some 𝕃j-distances. We prove that, with a probability close to one, this new posterior distribution concentrates its mass in a neighbourhood of the law of the data, for the chosen loss function, provided that this law belongs to the support of the prior or, at least, lies close enough to it. We therefore establish that the new posterior distribution enjoys some robustness properties with respect to a possible misspecification of the prior, or more precisely, its support. For the total variation and squared Hellinger losses, we also show that the posterior distribution keeps its concentration properties when the data are only independent, hence not necessarily i.i.d., provided that most of their marginals are close enough to some probability distribution around which the prior puts enough mass. The posterior distribution is therefore also stable with respect to the equidistribution assumption. We illustrate these results by several applications. We consider the problems of estimating a location parameter or both the location and the scale of a density in a nonparametric framework. Finally, we also tackle the problem of estimating a density, with the squared Hellinger loss, in a high-dimensional parametric model under some sparcity conditions. The results established in this paper are non-asymptotic and provide, as much as possible, explicit constants. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 97 (13 UL) No more Piecemeal TacticsKafteranis, Dimitrios ; Robert, BrochhausE-print/Working paper (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 38 (0 UL) Holonomic approximation through convex integrationMassot, Patrick; Theilliere, Mélanie E-print/Working paper (2021)Convex integration and the holonomic approximation theorem are two well-known pillars of flexibility in differential topology and geometry. They may each seem to have their own flavor and scope. The goal ... [more ▼]Convex integration and the holonomic approximation theorem are two well-known pillars of flexibility in differential topology and geometry. They may each seem to have their own flavor and scope. The goal of this paper is to bring some new perspective on this topic. We explain how to prove the holonomic approximation theorem for first order jets using convex integration. More precisely we first prove that this theorem can easily be reduced to proving flexibility of some specific relation. Then we prove this relation is open and ample, hence its flexibility follows from off-the-shelf convex integration. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 44 (1 UL) Covid-Kids II. Survey for children aged 6 to 16 about their experiences during the Covid-19 pandemicKirsch, Claudine ; Peluso, Eugenio; Andreoli, Francesco et alE-print/Working paper (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 66 (5 UL) Assessing the role of polygenic background on the penetrance of monogenic forms in Parkinson\textquoterights disease. 2021.06.06.21253270Hassanin, Emadeldin; May, Patrick ; Aldisi, Rana et alE-print/Working paper (2021)Background: Several rare and common variants are associated with Parkinson's disease. However, there is still an incomplete penetrance in the carriers of rare variants associated with Parkinson's disease ... [more ▼]Background: Several rare and common variants are associated with Parkinson's disease. However, there is still an incomplete penetrance in the carriers of rare variants associated with Parkinson's disease. To address this issue, we investigated whether a PRS calculated from significant GWAS SNPs affects the penetrance of Parkinson's disease among carriers of rare monogenic variants in known Parkinson's disease genes and those with a family history. Methods: We calculated the PRS based on common variants and selected the carriers of rare monogenic variants by using the exome data from UK Biobank. Individuals were divided into three risk categories based on PRS: low (<10%), intermediate (10%-90%), and high (>90%) risk groups. We then compared how PRS affects Parkinson\textquoterights disease risk among carriers of rare monogenic variants and those with family-history. Results: We observed a two-fold higher odds ratio for a carrier of a monogenic variant that had a high PRS (OR 4.07,95\% CI, 1.72-8.08) compared to carriers with a low PRS (OR 1.91, 95\% CI, 0.31-6.05). In the same line, carriers with a first-degree family history and with \>90\% PRS have even a higher risk of developing PD (OR 23.53, 95\%CI 5.39-71.54) compared to those with \<90\% PRS (OR 9.54, 95\% CI 3.32-21.65). Conclusions: Our results show that PRS, carrier status, and family history contribute independently and additively to the Parkinson's disease risk. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 118 (1 UL) Breast and prostate cancer risk: the interplay of polygenic risk, high-impact monogenic variants, and family history 2021.06.04.21258277Hassanin, Emadeldin; May, Patrick ; Aldisi, Rana et alE-print/Working paper (2021)Purpose: Investigate to which extent polygenic risk scores (PRS), high-impact monogenic variants, and family history affect breast and prostate cancer risk by assessing cancer prevalence and cancer ... [more ▼]Purpose: Investigate to which extent polygenic risk scores (PRS), high-impact monogenic variants, and family history affect breast and prostate cancer risk by assessing cancer prevalence and cancer cumulative lifetime incidence. Methods 200,643 individuals from the UK Biobank were stratified as follows: 1. carriers or non-carriers of high impact constitutive, monogenic variants in cancer susceptibility genes, 2. high or non-high PRS (90th percentile threshold), 3. with or without a family history of cancer. Multivariable logistic regression was used to compare the odds ratio (OR) across the different groups while Cox proportional hazards models were used to compute the cumulative incidence through life. Results Breast and prostate cancer cumulative incidence by age 70 is 7 and 5 for non-carriers with non-high PRS and reaches 37 and 32 among carriers of high-impact variants in cancer susceptibility genes with high PRS. The additional presence of family history is associated with a further increase of the risk of developing cancer reaching an OR of 14 and 21 for breast and prostate cancer, respectively. Conclusion: High PRS confers a cancer risk comparable to high-impact monogenic variants. Family history, monogenic variants, and PRS contribute additively to breast and prostate cancer risk. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 81 (2 UL) The good, the bad, and the asymmetric: Evidence from a new conditional density modelKostyrka, Andreï ; Malakhov, DmitryE-print/Working paper (2021)We propose a novel univariate conditional density model and decompose asset returns into a sum of copula-connected unobserved ‘good’ and ‘bad’ shocks. The novelty of this approach comes from two factors ... [more ▼]We propose a novel univariate conditional density model and decompose asset returns into a sum of copula-connected unobserved ‘good’ and ‘bad’ shocks. The novelty of this approach comes from two factors: we explicitly model correlation between unobserved shocks and allow for the presence of copula-connected discrete jumps. The proposed framework is very flexible and subsumes other models, such as ‘bad environments, good environments’. Our model shows certain hidden characteristics of returns, explains investors’ behaviour in greater detail, and yields better forecasts of risk measures. The in-sample and out-of-sample performance of our model is better than that of 40 popular GARCH variants. A Monte-Carlo simulation shows that the proposed model recovers the structural parameters of the unobserved dynamics. We estimate the model on S&P 500 data and find that time-dependent non-negative covariance between ‘good’ and ‘bad’ shocks with a leverage-like effect is an important component of total variance. Asymmetric reaction to shocks is present almost in all characteristics of returns. Conditional distribution of seems to be very time-dependent with skewness both in the centre and tails. We conclude that continuous shocks are more important than discrete jumps at least at daily frequency. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 207 (20 UL) Insider’s problem in the trinomial model: a discrete jump process point of viewHalconruy, Hélène E-print/Working paper (2021)In an incomplete market underpinned by the trinomial model, we consider two investors: an ordinary agent whose decisions are driven by public information and an insider who possesses from the beginning a ... [more ▼]In an incomplete market underpinned by the trinomial model, we consider two investors: an ordinary agent whose decisions are driven by public information and an insider who possesses from the beginning a surplus of information encoded through a random variable for which he or she knows the outcome. Through the definition of an auxiliary model based on a marked binomial process, we handle the trinomial model as a volatility one, and use the stochastic analysis and Malliavin calculus toolboxes available in that context. In particular, we connect the information drift, i.e. the drift to eliminate in order to preserve the martingale property within an initial enlargement of filtration in terms of Malliavin’s derivative. We solve explicitly the agent and the insider expected logarithmic utility maximization problems and provide a Ocone-Karatzas type formula for replicable claims. We identify insider’s expected additional utility with the Shannon entropy of the extra information, and examine then the existence of arbitrage opportunities for the insider. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 75 (5 UL) The formal moment map geometry of the space of symplectic connectionsLa Fuente-Gravy, Laurent E-print/Working paper (2021)We deform the moment map picture on the space of symplectic connections on a symplectic manifold. To do that, we study a vector bundle of Fedosov star product algebras on the space of symplectic ... [more ▼]We deform the moment map picture on the space of symplectic connections on a symplectic manifold. To do that, we study a vector bundle of Fedosov star product algebras on the space of symplectic connections. We describe a natural formal connection on this bundle adapted to the star product algebras on the fibers. We study its curvature and show the star product trace of the curvature is a formal symplectic form on the space of symplectic connections. The action of Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms on symplectic connections preserves the formal symplectic structure and we show the star product trace can be interpreted as a formal moment map for this action. Finally, we apply this picture to study automorphisms of star products and Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 63 (0 UL) Heterozygous variants in KCNC2 cause a broad spectrum of epilepsy phenotypes associated with characteristic functional alterations 2021.05.21.21257099Schwarz, Niklas; Seiffert, Simone; Pendziwiat, Manuela et alE-print/Working paper (2021)Background KCNC2 encodes a member of the shaw-related voltage-gated potassium channel family (KV3.2), which are important for sustained high-frequency firing and optimized energy efficiency of action ... [more ▼]Background KCNC2 encodes a member of the shaw-related voltage-gated potassium channel family (KV3.2), which are important for sustained high-frequency firing and optimized energy efficiency of action potentials in the brain.Methods Individuals with KCNC2 variants detected by exome sequencing were selected for clinical, further genetic and functional analysis. The cases were referred through clinical and research collaborations in our study. Four de novo variants were examined electrophysiologically in Xenopus laevis oocytes.Results We identified novel KCNC2 variants in 27 patients with various forms of epilepsy. Functional analysis demonstrated gain-of-function in severe and loss-of-function in milder phenotypes as the underlying pathomechanisms with specific response to valproic acid.Conclusion These findings implicate KCNC2 as a novel causative gene for epilepsy emphasizing the critical role of KV3.2 in the regulation of brain excitability with an interesting genotype-phenotype correlation and a potential concept for precision medicine. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 75 (2 UL) Aggregated hold-out for sparse linear regression with a robust loss functionMaillard, Guillaume E-print/Working paper (2021)Sparse linear regression methods generally have a free hyperparameter which controls the amount of sparsity, and is subject to a bias-variance tradeoff. This article considers the use of Aggregated hold ... [more ▼]Sparse linear regression methods generally have a free hyperparameter which controls the amount of sparsity, and is subject to a bias-variance tradeoff. This article considers the use of Aggregated hold-out to aggregate over values of this hyperparameter, in the context of linear regression with the Huber loss function. Aggregated hold-out (Agghoo) is a procedure which averages estimators selected by hold-out (cross-validation with a single split). In the theoretical part of the article, it is proved that Agghoo satisfies a non-asymptotic oracle inequality when it is applied to sparse estimators which are parametrized by their zero-norm. In particular, this includes a variant of the Lasso introduced by Zou, Hastié and Tibshirani \cite{Zou_Has_Tib:2007}. Simulations are used to compare Agghoo with cross-validation. They show that Agghoo performs better than CV when the intrinsic dimension is high and when there are confounders correlated with the predictive covariates. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 71 (17 UL) Trade-offs in phenotypic noise synchronize emergent topology to actively enhance transport in microbial environmentsDhar, Jayabrata ; Thai, Le Phuong Anh ; Ghoshal, Arkajyoti et alE-print/Working paper (2021)Phenotypic noise underpins homeostasis and fitness of individual cells. Yet, the extent to which noise shapes cell-to-population properties in microbial active matter remains poorly understood. By ... [more ▼]Phenotypic noise underpins homeostasis and fitness of individual cells. Yet, the extent to which noise shapes cell-to-population properties in microbial active matter remains poorly understood. By quantifying variability in confluent \textit{E.coli} strains, we catalogue noise across different phenotypic traits. The noise, measured over different temperatures serving as proxy for cellular activity, spanned more than two orders of magnitude. The maximum noise was associated with the cell geometry and the critical colony area at the onset of mono-to-multilayer transition (MTMT), while the lower bound was set by the critical time of the MTMT. Our results, supported by a hydrodynamic model, suggest that a trade-off between the noise in the cell geometry and the growth rate can lead to the self-regulation of the MTMT timing. The MTMT cascades synchronous emergence of hydrodynamic fields, actively enhancing the micro-environmental transport. Our results highlight how interplay of phenotypic noise triggers emergent deterministic properties, and reveal the role of multifield topology--of the colony structure and hydrodynamics--to insulate confluent systems from the inherent noise associated with natural cell-environment settings. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 31 (1 UL) Loss of function variants in the KCNQ5 gene are associated with genetic generalized epilepsiesKrueger, Johanna; Schubert, Julian; Kegele, Josua et alE-print/Working paper (2021)Objective: De novo missense variants in KCNQ5, encoding the voltage gated K+ channel KV7.5, have been described as a cause of developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) or intellectual disability ... [more ▼]Objective: De novo missense variants in KCNQ5, encoding the voltage gated K+ channel KV7.5, have been described as a cause of developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) or intellectual disability (ID). We set out to identify disease-related KCNQ5 variants in genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE) and their underlying mechanisms. Methods: 1292 families with GGE were studied by next-generation sequencing. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings, biotinylation and phospholipid overlay assays were performed in mammalian cells combined with docking and homology modeling. Results: We identified three deleterious heterozygous missense variants, one truncation and one splice site alteration in five independent families with GGE with predominant absence seizures, two variants were also associated with mild to moderate ID. All three missense variants displayed a strongly decreased current density indicating a loss-of-function (LOF). When mutant channels were co-expressed with wild-type (WT) KV7.5 or KV7.5 and KV7.3 channels, three variants also revealed a significant dominant-negative effect on WT channels. Other gating parameters were unchanged. Biotinylation assays indicated a normal surface expression of the variants. The p.Arg359Cys variant altered PI(4,5)P2-interaction, presumably in the non-conducting preopen-closed state. Interpretation: Our study indicates that specific deleterious KCNQ5 variants are associated with GGE, partially combined with mild to moderate ID. The disease mechanism is a LOF partially with dominant-negative effects through functional, rather than trafficking deficits. LOF of KV7.5 channels will reduce the M-current, likely resulting in increased excitability of KV7.5-expressing neurons. Further studies on a network level are necessary to understand which circuits are affected and how the variants induce generalized seizures. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 64 (0 UL) Disentangled Face Identity Representations for joint 3D Face Recognition and Expression NeutralisationKacem, Anis ; cherenkova, kseniya; Aouada, Djamila E-print/Working paper (2021)In this paper, we propose a new deep learning-based approach for disentangling face identity representations from expressive 3D faces. Given a 3D face, our approach not only extracts a disentangled ... [more ▼]In this paper, we propose a new deep learning-based approach for disentangling face identity representations from expressive 3D faces. Given a 3D face, our approach not only extracts a disentangled identity representation but also generates a realistic 3D face with a neutral expression while predicting its identity. The proposed network consists of three components; (1) a Graph Convolutional Autoencoder (GCA) to encode the 3D faces into latent representations, (2) a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) that translates the latent representations of expressive faces into those of neutral faces, (3) and an identity recognition sub-network taking advantage of the neutralized latent representations for 3D face recognition. The whole network is trained in an end-to-end manner. Experiments are conducted on three publicly available datasets showing the effectiveness of the proposed approach. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 50 (1 UL) Face-GCN: A Graph Convolutional Network for 3D Dynamic Face Identification/RecognitionPapadopoulos, Konstantinos; Kacem, Anis ; Shabayek, Abdelrahman et alE-print/Working paper (2021)Face identification/recognition has significantly advanced over the past years. However, most of the proposed approaches rely on static RGB frames and on neutral facial expressions. This has two ... [more ▼]Face identification/recognition has significantly advanced over the past years. However, most of the proposed approaches rely on static RGB frames and on neutral facial expressions. This has two disadvantages. First, important facial shape cues are ignored. Second, facial deformations due to expressions can have an impact on the performance of such a method. In this paper, we propose a novel framework for dynamic 3D face identification/recognition based on facial keypoints. Each dynamic sequence of facial expressions is represented as a spatio-temporal graph, which is constructed using 3D facial landmarks. Each graph node contains local shape and texture features that are extracted from its neighborhood. For the classification/identification of faces, a Spatio-temporal Graph Convolutional Network (ST-GCN) is used. Finally, we evaluate our approach on a challenging dynamic 3D facial expression dataset. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 50 (2 UL) Ultra-rare constrained missense variants in the epilepsies: Shared and specific enrichment patterns in neuronal gene-sets 2021.04.18.440264Koko, Mahmoud; Krause, Roland ; Sander, Thomas et alE-print/Working paper (2021)Background: Burden analysis in epilepsy has shown an excess of deleterious ultra-rare variants (URVs) in few gene-sets, such as known epilepsy genes, constrained genes, ion channel or GABAA receptor genes ... [more ▼]Background: Burden analysis in epilepsy has shown an excess of deleterious ultra-rare variants (URVs) in few gene-sets, such as known epilepsy genes, constrained genes, ion channel or GABAA receptor genes. We set out to investigate the burden of URVs in a comprehensive range of gene-sets presumed to be implicated in epileptogenesis. Methods: We investigated several constraint and conservation-based strategies to study whole exome sequencing data from European individuals with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEE, n = 1,003), genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE, n = 3,064), and non-acquired focal epilepsy (NAFE, n = 3,522), collected by the Epi25 Collaborative, compared to 3,962 ancestry-matched controls. The burden of 12 URVs types in 92 gene-sets was compared between epilepsy cases (DDE, GGE, NAFE) and controls using logistic regression analysis. Results: Burden analysis of brain-expressed genes revealed an excess of different URVs types in all three epilepsy categories which was largest for constrained missense variants. The URVs burden was prominent in neuron-specific, synaptic and developmental genes as well as genes encoding ion channels and receptors, and it was generally higher for DEE and GGE compared to NAFE. The patterns of URVs burden in gene-sets expressed in inhibitory vs. excitatory neurons or receptors suggested a high burden in both in DEE but a differential involvement of inhibitory genes in GGE, while excitatory genes were predominantly affected in NAFE. Top ranking susceptibility genes from a recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) of generalized and focal epilepsies displayed a higher URVs burden in constrained coding regions in GGE and NAFE, respectively. Conclusions: Using exome-based gene-set burden analysis, we demonstrate that missense URVs affecting mainly constrained sites are enriched in neuronal genes in both common and rare severe epilepsy syndromes. Our results indicate a differential impact of these URVs in genes expressed in inhibitory vs. excitatory neurons and receptors in generalized vs. focal epilepsies. The excess of URVs in top-ranking GWAS risk-genes suggests a convergence of rare deleterious and common risk-variants in the pathogenesis of generalized and focal epilepsies. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 71 (5 UL) Symposium on the ‘Legacy’ of the USA Sanctions against International Criminal Court Prosecutor Ms Fatou Bensouda and Mr Phakiso MochochokoOwiso, Owiso ; Sharon, NakandhaE-print/Working paper (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 61 (2 UL) The United States of America, Racism and Sanctions Meet at the International Criminal CourtOwiso, Owiso E-print/Working paper (2021)Detailed reference viewed: 68 (3 UL)