"Nécessité fait loi": La crise du logement et la protection des locataires dans les années 1920

Article for general public (2021)

Fundamental Education and Mediation of Human Rights in Practice: UNESCO4s First Regional Centre on Fundamental Education - CREFAL in Mexico

Presentation (2021, June 04)

Elaiophylin Is a Potent Hsp90/ Cdc37 Protein Interface Inhibitor with K-Ras Nanocluster Selectivity

in Biomolecules (2021)

The natural product elaiophylin is a macrodiolide with a broad range of biological activities. However, no direct target of elaiophylin in eukaryotes has been described so far, which hinders a systematic ... [more ▼]

The natural product elaiophylin is a macrodiolide with a broad range of biological activities. However, no direct target of elaiophylin in eukaryotes has been described so far, which hinders a systematic explanation of its astonishing activity range. We recently showed that the related conglobatin A, a protein–protein interface inhibitor of the interaction between the N-terminus of Hsp90 and its cochaperone Cdc37, blocks cancer stem cell properties by selectively inhibiting K-Ras4B but not H-Ras. Here, we elaborated that elaiophylin likewise disrupts the Hsp90/ Cdc37 interaction, without affecting the ATP-pocket of Hsp90. Similarly to conglobatin A, elaiophylin decreased expression levels of the Hsp90 client HIF1 , a transcription factor with various downstream targets, including galectin-3. Galectin-3 is a nanocluster scaffold of K-Ras, which explains the K-Ras selectivity of Hsp90 inhibitors. In agreement with this K-Ras targeting and the potent effect on other Hsp90 clients, we observed with elaiophylin treatment a submicromolar IC50 for MDA-MB-231 and MIAPaCa-2 3D spheroid formation. Finally, a strong inhibition of MDA-MB-231 cells grown in the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) microtumor model was determined. These results suggest that several other macrodiolides may have the Hsp90/ Cdc37 interface as a target site. [less ▲]

Évaluation de la validité des critères du Trouble lié au Jeu Vidéo en ligne selon le DSM-5 : Une approche en “Machine Learning”

Scientific Conference (2021, June 01)

INTRODUCTION : En 2013, le trouble lié au jeu vidéo en ligne (TJV) a été introduit dans la section III du DSM-5 qui répertorie les troubles émergents nécessitant plus de recherche avant d’être ... [more ▼]

INTRODUCTION : En 2013, le trouble lié au jeu vidéo en ligne (TJV) a été introduit dans la section III du DSM-5 qui répertorie les troubles émergents nécessitant plus de recherche avant d’être potentiellement reconnus [1]. 9 critères de diagnostic ont été proposés à partir de ceux initialement établis pour les troubles liés à l’utilisation de substance et au jeu d’argent [2]. Certains de ces critères, comme l’augmentation progressive du temps de jeu, ont été critiqués quant à leur validité vis-à-vis de l’évaluation du TJV [3]. Bien que le score seuil proposé par le DSM-5 pour établir un diagnostic semble soutenu dans la littérature [4], la présence de critères jugés peu pertinents par les experts rend possible une sur-pathologisation des joueurs fortement engagés dans les jeux vidéo [5]. Le Machine Learning (ML) représente une opportunité d’innovation dans l’évaluation de la validité des critères d’un outil diagnostic (validité clinique, utilité clinique, valeur pronostique). Bien que le ML soit de plus en plus utilisé en psychologie, il n’y a à notre connaissance aucune étude qui a utilisé cette approche pour tester la validité des critères proposés pour définir le TJV selon le DSM-5. OBJECTIF : Évaluer la validité des critères du DSM-5 concernant le TJV en fonction du score seuil de diagnostic (cut-off) prédéterminé et observer l’apport du ML. MATERIEL ET METHODE : Trois bases de données venant de deux études publiées [6, 7] et d’une étude non publiée ont été regroupées afin d’obtenir un échantillon final de 412 répondants. Les participants sont âgés entre 18 et 43 ans (M=21.89, SD=3.42), présentent un temps de jeux hebdomadaire allant de 1 à 70 heures (M=12.36, SD=9.06) et ont répondu de façon dichotomique à un questionnaire en ligne évaluant la présence des 9 critères du DSM-5 [2]. Aucun style de jeu en ligne particulier n’est ciblé. Selon le DSM-5, 95 (23%) participants présenteraient un TJV. Pour les statistiques traditionnelles, nous avons calculé les scores de Khi carré pour chaque critère du DSM-5. Concernant le ML, nous avons entraîné 2500 forêts d’arbres décisionnels et nous avons ensuite calculé pour chaque critère la moyenne de son importance au sein des 2500 modèles de prédiction entrainés. RESULTATS : Dans les deux types d’analyses, les critères de perte de contrôle et de perte d’intérêt ont obtenu les plus hauts scores. Les analyses de ML considèrent le critère de préoccupation comme étant le moins important. Du côté des statistiques traditionnelles, le critère de tolérance obtient la plus faible valeur. DISCUSSION : Le rajout du ML dans nos analyses a permis de confirmer la pertinence des critères de perte de contrôle et de perte d’intérêt repéré dans les analyses faites à l’aide des statistiques traditionnelles. De plus, le ML a attiré notre attention sur le critère de préoccupation comme étant potentiellement non valide, à l’instar du critère de tolérance dont la faible validité a été mise en lumière par les statistiques traditionnelles. Utiliser plusieurs méthodes d’analyse pour évaluer les critères d’un outil de diagnostic a apporté un avantage certain à notre étude et semble prometteur pour l’avenir. Bibliographie [1] American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5 (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association. [2] Petry, N. M., Rehbein, F., Gentile, D. A., Lemmens, J. S., Rumpf, H. J., Mößle, T., Bischof, G., Tao, R., Fung, D. S. S., Borges, G., Auriacombe, M., González Ibáñez, A., Tam, P., & O’Brien, C. P. (2014). An international consensus for assessing internet gaming disorder using the new DSM-5 approach. Addiction, 109(9), 1399–1406. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.12457 [3] Castro-Calvo, J., King, D. L., Stein, D. J., Brand, M., Carmi, L., Chamberlain, S. R., Demetrovics, Z., Fineberg, N. A., Rumpf, H. J., Yücel, M., Achab, S., Ambekar, A., Bahar, N., Blaszczynski, A., Bowden-Jones, H., Carbonell, X., Chan, E. M. Lo, Ko, C. H., de Timary, P., … Billieux, J. (2021). Expert appraisal of criteria for assessing gaming disorder: an international Delphi study. Addiction. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.15411 [4] Ko, CH., Yen, JY., Chen, SH., Wang, PW., Chen, CS., Yen, CF. (2014). Evaluation of the diagnostic criteria of Internet gaming disorder in the DSM-5 among young adults in Taiwan. J. Psychiatr. Res. 53:103–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.02.008 [5] Billieux, J., Flayelle, M., Rumpf, H.-J., & Stein, D. J. (2019). High Involvement Versus Pathological Involvement in Video Games: a Crucial Distinction for Ensuring the Validity and Utility of Gaming Disorder. Current Addiction Reports, 6(3), 323–330. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-019-00259-x [6] Deleuze, J., Long, J., Liu, T. Q., Maurage, P., & Billieux, J. (2018). Passion or addiction? Correlates of healthy versus problematic use of videogames in a sample of French-speaking regular players. Addictive Behaviors, 82(March), 114–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.02.031 [7] Deleuze, J., Nuyens, F., Rochat, L., Rothen, S., Maurage, P., & Billieux, J. (2017). Established risk factors for addiction fail to discriminate between healthy gamers and gamers endorsing DSM-5 Internet gaming disorder. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 6(4), 516–524. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.6.2017.074 [less ▲]

Introduction. La participation politique en ligne au révélateur du pétitionnement électronique

in Participations (2021), 3(28), 7-45

Raya: A Tangible Sports Buddy Reminding Oneself of the Commitment to Exercise

Scientific Conference (2021, June)

Generating 3D Dances From Music Using Deep Neural Networks

Bachelor/master dissertation (2021)

This thesis focuses on the generation of original and unique 3D dances given a music using deep neural networks. A state of the art model (Dance Revolution) was adapted to take as input 3D data. Then it ... [more ▼]

This thesis focuses on the generation of original and unique 3D dances given a music using deep neural networks. A state of the art model (Dance Revolution) was adapted to take as input 3D data. Then it was trained using the recently published AIST++ dataset. At the generation phase, the model is able to generate credible dances. This was achieved by introducing a novel audio data augmentation technique that modifies the harmonic content of a song without changing the rhythmic content. This method allowed for an increase in the number of training epochs before the LSTM network converges to a static pose. Additionally, a novel method to evaluate the coherence of the generated dances with respect to the style of music is proposed. The comparison is based on key dance moves that are identified using the matrix profile. Using this method to evaluate the dances, it was found that the model generate coherent dances with respect to the dominant styles of music in the dataset. [less ▲]

The impact of mental and somatic stressors on physical activity and sedentary behaviour in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a diary study

in PeerJ (2021), 9

Background Adopting an active lifestyle is key in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Nevertheless, the majority of individuals with T2DM fails to do so. Additionally, individuals with T2DM ... [more ▼]

Background Adopting an active lifestyle is key in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Nevertheless, the majority of individuals with T2DM fails to do so. Additionally, individuals with T2DM are likely to experience mental (e.g., stress) and somatic (e.g., pain) stressors. Research investigating the link between these stressors and activity levels within this group is largely lacking. Therefore, current research aimed to investigate how daily fluctuations in mental and somatic stressors predict daily levels of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour among adults with T2DM. Methods Individuals with T2DM (N = 54) were instructed to complete a morning diary assessing mental and somatic stressors and to wear an accelerometer for 10 consecutive days. The associations between the mental and somatic stressors and participants’ levels of PA and sedentary behaviour were examined using (generalized) linear mixed effect models. Results Valid data were provided by 38 participants. We found no evidence that intra-individual increases in mental and somatic stressors detrimentally affected participants’ activity levels. Similarly, levels of sedentary behaviour nor levels of PA were predicted by inter-individual differences in the mental and somatic stressors. [less ▲]

Validation nightmare: the slotting approach under International Financial Reporting Standard 9

in Journal of Risk Model Validation (2021), 15(2), 63-100

This paper makes an important contribution to the practice of validation by focusing on an under-researched area of the slotting approach to real estate specialized lending under the International ... [more ▼]

This paper makes an important contribution to the practice of validation by focusing on an under-researched area of the slotting approach to real estate specialized lending under the International Financial Reporting Standard 9 (IFRS 9) framework. The paper introduces the concept of mapping the probability of default estimates to the slotting scores. A sequential process for deriving the correspondence between the slotting scores and probabilities of default of a particular obligor is proposed as a solution to adapting the slotting approach to the IFRS 9 rules. This solution is especially useful for capturing the increase in credit risk under the IFRS 9 rules using denotching and staging processes. All in all, this paper addresses the research questions of whether and how a slotting model can be used for IFRS 9 compliance purposes. In addition to the core aim of the paper, which is the provision of a probability of default mapping solution under the IFRS 9 framework, we also explain the methodology of a slotting model, discussing specific modeling choices for the real estate slotting approach aligned to the relevant regulatory framework. In doing so, we provide an example of a slotting model that can be used by practitioners as a challenger model during the validation exercise. [less ▲]

Goffin's Cockatoos (Cacatua goffiniana) Can Solve a Novel Problem After Conflicting Past Experiences

in Frontiers in Psychology (2021)

Novel problems often partially overlap with familiar ones. Some features match the qualities of previous situations stored in long-term memory and therefore trigger their retrieval. Using relevant, while ... [more ▼]

Novel problems often partially overlap with familiar ones. Some features match the qualities of previous situations stored in long-term memory and therefore trigger their retrieval. Using relevant, while inhibiting irrelevant, memories to solve novel problems is a hallmark of behavioral flexibility in humans and has recently been demonstrated in great apes. This capacity has been proposed to promote technical innovativeness and thus warrants investigations of such a mechanism in other innovative species. Here, we show that proficient tool—users among Goffin's cockatoos—an innovative tool—using species—could use a relevant previous experience to solve a novel, partially overlapping problem, even despite a conflicting, potentially misleading, experience. This suggests that selecting relevant experiences over irrelevant experiences guides problem solving at least in some Goffin's cockatoos. Our result supports the hypothesis that flexible memory functions may promote technical innovations. [less ▲]