Decomposing the changes in poverty: Poverty line and distributional effects

in Bulletin of Economic Research (in press)

When measuring poverty in developed countries, the poverty line used to identify the poor is usually relative and set as a percentage of the median (or of the mean) of the total income. In consequence ... [more ▼]

When measuring poverty in developed countries, the poverty line used to identify the poor is usually relative and set as a percentage of the median (or of the mean) of the total income. In consequence, when poverty is analyzed over a period of time, changes in the poverty level depend on the impact of evolving standards. To eliminate this effect, sometimes, an anchored poverty line is used. Furthermore, changes in the mean of the distribution and in the inequality among the poor may also affect the poverty levels. This note proposes a decomposition of the changes in poverty as the sum of four terms. The first two reflect the impact in poverty of changes in living standards and the other two measure the effect of the distributional growth and redistribution. This decomposition will help policymakers in the implementation of a more specific antipoverty agenda. An application with data from the European Union Survey on Income and Living Conditions shows the potential of the decomposition proposed. [less ▲]

Monetary policy and venture capital markets

in Review of Corporate Finance (in press)

We assess the impact of monetary policy (i.e., central bank interest rates) on the activity of venture capitalists (VC). Using data from 31 countries from 2004 to 2019, we find that VC firms’ fundraising ... [more ▼]

We assess the impact of monetary policy (i.e., central bank interest rates) on the activity of venture capitalists (VC). Using data from 31 countries from 2004 to 2019, we find that VC firms’ fundraising activity increases when interest rates become negative. We explain this finding by referring to the principal-agent relationship between general and limited partners of VC firms in combination with behavioral finance arguments. Specifically, we identify three channels pertaining to a legal motivation (i.e., legislative hurdles and litigation risks), a liquidity motivation (i.e., substitution effect relative to other asset classes), and behavioral biases (i.e., mental accounting, conservatism, disposition effect, or prospect theory). [less ▲]

Internalization or Dissociation? Negative age stereotypes make you feel younger now but make you feel older later

in Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences (in press)

Objectives. Negative age stereotypes have negative, assimilative effects on the subjective aging experience due to internalization processes, but sometimes positive contrast effects are reported as well ... [more ▼]

Objectives. Negative age stereotypes have negative, assimilative effects on the subjective aging experience due to internalization processes, but sometimes positive contrast effects are reported as well, reflecting dissociation and downward comparisons. Our aim was thus to compare short-term and long-term consequences of age stereotypes on the subjective aging experience, to test the hypothesis that contrast effects are visible cross-sectionally, whereas internalization processes are observed when considering long-term changes. Method. We assessed age stereotypes and subjective age in a core sample of N=459 participants (initial age range 30 – 80 years) from the Ageing as Future project (Lang et al., 2022) across three consecutive measurement occasions spanning a longitudinal interval of 10 years. Short-term and long-term effects were estimated with latent growth models by assessing effects of age stereotypes on the intercepts (cross-sectional) and on the slopes (longitudinal) of subjective age, respectively, while controlling for current self-views. Results. Age stereotypes had opposite effects on subjective age depending on the time frame. A cross-sectional contrast effect was found, whereas longitudinal effects were assimilative in nature. Discussion. Our findings support the time-dependent nature of effects of age stereotypes on the subjective aging experience. Negative age stereotypes temporarily lead to a significantly younger subjective age, indicating dissociation from one’s age group and downward comparison. In the long run, however, negative (positive) age stereotypes become internalized into the self-views of older people and are linked to a relatively older (younger) subjective age. [less ▲]

Inter-State Dispute Settlement and Africa’s Supranational Courts

in Joanna, Gomula; Wittich, Stephan (Eds.) Research Handbook on International Procedural Law (in press)

The Chapter examines the various regional and sub-regional judicial mechanisms in Africa highlighting their potential for effective inter-state dispute settlement. It explains the lack of inter-state ... [more ▼]

The Chapter examines the various regional and sub-regional judicial mechanisms in Africa highlighting their potential for effective inter-state dispute settlement. It explains the lack of inter-state disputes before Africa’s supranational courts despite the existence of multiple mechanisms providing them with such jurisdiction, and identifies ways through which the potential of these mechanisms can be harnessed to provide effective avenues for the settlement of disputes between African States. [less ▲]

Schumpeterian entrepreneurial digital identity and funding from venture capital firms

in Journal of Technology Transfer (in press)

Schumpeterian entrepreneurs are considered agents of innovation and technology transfer. However, to fulfill this role, they need entrepreneurial finance. From the perspective of digital identity, we ... [more ▼]

Schumpeterian entrepreneurs are considered agents of innovation and technology transfer. However, to fulfill this role, they need entrepreneurial finance. From the perspective of digital identity, we examine the relationship between a Schumpeterian digital identity and venture capital (VC) funding. Because the VC industry celebrates innovative and visionary entrepreneurship, we posit that a founder’s digital identity as a Schumpeterian-type entrepreneur influences the venture’s chances of receiving VC funding. A quantitative analysis of the language used by 3313 founders in a large sample of Twitter messages, however, provides a mixed picture. While some dimensions of Schumpeterian entrepreneurship have a positive relationship with the acquisition of resources from VC firms (entrepreneurial vision and optimism), other dimensions seem to have no (uncertainty tolerance and rationality) or even a decreasing (achievement motivation) effect. The negative relationships observed can be explained by the particularities of the VC business model, which does not align with Schumpeterian entrepreneurship in all respects. Our study contributes to research on Schumpeterian entrepreneurship, the financing of technology transfer, and the link between entrepreneurial digital identity and entrepreneurial finance. From a practical perspective, the results of our study demonstrate the limits of VC with regard to the financing of technology transfer and highlight the need for public funding through governmental VC or agencies for (disruptive) innovation. [less ▲]

I Want to Start My Own Business. Can I Ask Our Firm or Family for Help?

in Jaskiewicz, Peter; Rau, Sabine (Eds.) Enabling Next Generation Legacies”: 35 Questions that Next Generation Members in Enterprising Families Ask (in press)

It is often said that the entrepreneurs of today are the family businesses of tomorrow. This assertion is supported by findings in a Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (2019-20) Report on ‘Family ... [more ▼]

It is often said that the entrepreneurs of today are the family businesses of tomorrow. This assertion is supported by findings in a Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (2019-20) Report on ‘Family Entrepreneurship’ which cites that 75% of respondent entrepreneurs across 48 economies indicate that their family was actively involved in either starting or developing a new business . In spite of this, and the fact that it is becoming more popular for family firms to encourage entrepreneurialism within the younger generation, it is often challenging for Next Gens to ‘carve out’ an entrepreneurial identity for themselves. This is even more so the case if the intention is to pursue new ideas that are not central to the core business and which might disturb long-planned succession strategies, or expectations held by senior family members. Making the decision to get on board the entrepreneur(ship) is an important career decision that has huge implications, not only for the Next Gens who are planning this, but also for current members of the family business who might have to adjust their expectations. [less ▲]

Injunctions (International Arbitration)

in Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Procedural Law (in press)

Von Objekt- und Meta-Ebenen: Analyse der Softwareanforderungen computergestützter juristischer Entscheidungen

in Recht DIGITAL – 25 Jahre IRIS, Proceedings of the International Legal Informatics Symposium (IRIS 2022) (in press)

Die Interpretation und Anwendung von Gesetzestexten auf einem konkreten Lebenssachverhalt erfordert von menschlichen Experten ein hohes Maß an Wissen, Erfahrung und die Fähigkeit zahlreiche kontextuelle ... [more ▼]

Die Interpretation und Anwendung von Gesetzestexten auf einem konkreten Lebenssachverhalt erfordert von menschlichen Experten ein hohes Maß an Wissen, Erfahrung und die Fähigkeit zahlreiche kontextuelle Überlegungen anzustellen. Die Formalisierung und Automatisierung solch eines Prozesses in einem computergestützten Verfahren muss dies entsprechend reflektieren. Ausgehend von einer Fallstudie werden in dieser Arbeit erforderliche juridische Schritte der Rechtsanwendung identifiziert und verschiedenen Objekt- und Meta-Ebenen zugeordnet. Diese Zuordnung erlaubt eine abstrakte Analyse von Softwareanforderungen, die juristische Assistenzsysteme erfüllen müssen, um bei juristischen Fallentscheidungen unterstützen zu können. [less ▲]

Wireless Energy Harvesting For Autonomous Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces

in IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking (in press)

Triangular Intertwined Frequency Selective Surface

in Vasquez-Peralvo, Juan Andres; Merlano Duncan, Juan Carlos; Chatzinotas, Symeon (Eds.) et al International symposium on antennas and propagation (in press)

This paper presents a frequency selective surface design and simulation using intertwined triangular structures. It has been discovered that by using the proposed tessellated intertwined lattice, the ... [more ▼]

This paper presents a frequency selective surface design and simulation using intertwined triangular structures. It has been discovered that by using the proposed tessellated intertwined lattice, the reduction of the resonance frequency of a frequency selective surface can be improved by 22.58% compared with other triangular structures. Additionally, this structure is used as a MEFSS to improve the miniaturization of the structure and obtain a compact, angular stable band-pass filter. The simulations presented in this paper have been obtained using CST Microwave Studio. [less ▲]