Formalizing the Right to Know – Epistemic Rights as Normative Positions

in Logics for New-Generation AI 2021 (2021)

Das illustrierte Flugblatt als Wissensmedium der Frühen Neuzeit. Zeigestrategien und Vermittlungspotenzial eines zweikanaligen Kommunikationssystems.

in Kollman, Stefanie; Reh, Sabine (Eds.) Zeigen und Bildung. Das Bild als Medium der Unterrichtung seit der frühen Neuzeit. 1. Workshop "Pictura Paedagogica Online: Pädagogisches Wissen in Bildern" (2021)

The Burden of Persuasion in Abstract Argumentation

in Baroni, Pietro; Benzmüller, Christoph; Wang, Yiqun (Eds.) Logic and Argumentation - 4th International Conference, CLAR 2021 Hangzhou, China, October 20-22, 2021, Proceedings (2021)

In this paper, we provide a formal framework for modeling the burden of persuasion in legal reasoning. The framework is based on abstract argumentation, a frequently studied method of non-monotonic ... [more ▼]

In this paper, we provide a formal framework for modeling the burden of persuasion in legal reasoning. The framework is based on abstract argumentation, a frequently studied method of non-monotonic reasoning, and can be applied to different argumentation semantics; it supports burdens of persuasion with arbitrary many levels, and allows for the placement of a burden of persuasion on any subset of an argumentation framework’s arguments. Our framework can be considered an extension of related works that raise questions on how burdens of persuasion should be handled in some conflict scenarios that can be modeled with abstract argumentation. An open source software implementation of the introduced formal notions is available as an extension of an argumentation reasoning library. [less ▲]

What is Negation in a System 2020?

in IfCoLog Journal of Logics and Their Applications (2021), 8(7), 1977--2034

The notion of negation is basic to any formal or informal logical system. When any such system is presented to us, it is presented either as a system without negation or as a system with some form of ... [more ▼]

The notion of negation is basic to any formal or informal logical system. When any such system is presented to us, it is presented either as a system without negation or as a system with some form of negation. In both cases we are supposed to know intuitively whether there is no negation in the system or whether the form of negation presented in the system is indeed as claimed. To be more specific, suppose Robinson Crusoe writes a logical system with Hilbert type axioms and rules, which includes a unary connective *A. He puts the document in a bottle and let it lose at sea. We find it and take a look. We ask: is the connective "*" a negation in the system? Yet the notion of what is negation in a formal system is not clear. When we see a unary connective *A, (A a wff) together with some other axioms for some additional connectives, how can we tell whether *A is indeed a form of negation of A? Are there some axioms which the connective "*" must satisfy in order to qualify * as a negation? [less ▲]

Explainable Reasoning in Face of Contradictions: From Humans to Machines

in Calvaresi, Davide; Najjar, Amro; Winikoff, Michael (Eds.) et al Explainable and Transparent AI and Multi-Agent Systems - Third International Workshop, EXTRAAMAS 2021, Virtual Event, May 3-7, 2021, Revised Selected Papers (2021)

A well-studied trait of human reasoning and decision-making is the ability to not only make decisions in the presence of contradictions, but also to explain why a decision was made, in particular if a ... [more ▼]

A well-studied trait of human reasoning and decision-making is the ability to not only make decisions in the presence of contradictions, but also to explain why a decision was made, in particular if a decision deviates from what is expected by an inquirer who requests the explanation. In this paper, we examine this phenomenon, which has been extensively explored by behavioral economics research, from the perspective of symbolic artificial intelligence. In particular, we introduce four levels of intelligent reasoning in face of contradictions, which we motivate from a microeconomics and behavioral economics perspective. We relate these principles to symbolic reasoning approaches, using abstract argumentation as an exemplary method. This allows us to ground the four levels in a body of related previous and ongoing research, which we use as a point of departure for outlining future research directions. [less ▲]

Adapting to Covid19 in Luxembourg: Centering community, diversity and access in remote primary teacher education for science.

Scientific Conference (2021)

The Delights of Discrimination - On the Multiple Faces of Defeasible Conditional Relationships

Presentation (2021)

Contributor: Creating Public History Master Programs: International Guidelines

Diverse speeches and writings (2021)

Refletir sobre infância, educação e cultura a partir do livro “O mundo até ontem”

in Educação, Ciência e Cultura (2021), 26(3), 1-16

Este trabalho traz reflexões sobre infância, educação e cultura a partir do livro “O mundo até ontem: O que podemos aprender com as sociedades tradicionais?”, de autoria de Jared Diamond, com particular ... [more ▼]

Este trabalho traz reflexões sobre infância, educação e cultura a partir do livro “O mundo até ontem: O que podemos aprender com as sociedades tradicionais?”, de autoria de Jared Diamond, com particular foco no capítulo cinco “Educar Crianças”, da parte três “Novos e Velhos”. Para além de aspectos relacionados ao parto, maternidade e infanticídio, a obra explora o conceito de infância e de educação em diálogo com o grupo social. Enfatiza os comportamentos e estímulos educacionais das sociedades tradicionais e sua ligação aos seus contextos sociais e culturais que se refletem sobre a educação dos mais novos. Neste cenário, a criança é estimulada em sua autonomia e habilidades sociais através das brincadeiras com grupos multietários. O exercício social da aprendizagem pela consequência dos atos, comum na sociedade tradicional observada pelo autor, serve de reflexão ao polêmico tema contemporâneo da punição física ou moral nos processos educativos. Ainda que a obra não esteja focada no âmbito da educação, o autor apresenta particularidades sociais e culturais que permitem-nos refletir sobre como estão sendo educadas nossas crianças numa sociedade avançada tecnologicamente e empobrecida humanamente. [less ▲]

Argumentation in Trust Services within a Blockchain Environment

in Leiva, Luis A.; Pruski, Cedric; Najjar, Amro (Eds.) et al Proceedings of the 33rd Benelux Conference on Artificial Intelligence and the 30th Belgian Dutch Conference on Machine Learning (BNAIC/BENELEARN 2021) (2021)

Both argumentation and trust concern multi-lateral uncertainties, while argumentation owns the ability to enhance trust in many ways. In the field of trust service where the trustee administers financial ... [more ▼]

Both argumentation and trust concern multi-lateral uncertainties, while argumentation owns the ability to enhance trust in many ways. In the field of trust service where the trustee administers financial assets on behalf of principals, trust is an indispensable element. Often, the trustees withhold the investment plans and of which the decision-making process from their principals such that these services lack of transparency， documentation, traceability, and inclusive decision-making mechanisms. In this paper, we integrate formal argumentation within a blockchain framework. Both argumentation and blockchain have distinctive features that complement each other. They together make the decision-making of the trustees transparent and traceable in order to gain trust and confidence in principals. We introduce three possible architectures and we evaluate and compare them considering different technical, financial, and legal aspects. Specifically, we discuss the role of argumentation in building trust between trustees and their principals. [less ▲]