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See detailDie Grenzen aufgezeigt:Technische Innovation und räumliche Abstraktion am Beispiel früher Landkarten der Grenzregion zwischen dem Herzogtum Luxemburg und dem Kurfürstentum Trier
Solchenbach, Karl UL

in Schröder, Lina; Wegewitz, Markus (Eds.) Europäische Grenzregionen. Neue Wege im Umgang mit historischen Raum- und Grenzkonzeptionen in der Geschichtswissenschaft (2023, March)

Die Ausbildung und Verfestigung der kurtrierischen und luxemburgischen Landesherrschaften war im 14. Jahrhundert weitgehend zum Abschluss gekommen. Die Transformation vom Personenverbands- zum ... [more ▼]

Die Ausbildung und Verfestigung der kurtrierischen und luxemburgischen Landesherrschaften war im 14. Jahrhundert weitgehend zum Abschluss gekommen. Die Transformation vom Personenverbands- zum Flächenstaat frühneuzeitlicher Prägung hatte die Ausbildung einer zunehmend deutlicheren Grenze zwischen beiden Territorien zur Folge. Ebenso formierte sich auch eine Grenze im Grenzraum mit Frankreich und Lothringen. Die vereinfachende Darstellung komplexer teils überlagerter Grenzzonen in Form von abstrahierenden Linien musste von den zeitgenössischen Kartographen jedoch erst noch entwickelt werden. Die älteste regionale Karte mit einer angedeuteten partiellen Grenzmarkierung stammt aus dem Jahr 1555. Eine zunehmende Professionalisierung der Kartographie gelang ab der zweiten Hälfte des 16. Jahrhunderts durch Landesaufnahmen, initiiert von den jeweiligen Landesherren. Die Intention der Auftraggeber war dabei ähnlich: einerseits sollte das jeweilige Territorium durch die Karte möglichst als geschlossen beherrschter Raum dargestellt werden, andererseits galt es, die bisher nur verbal beschriebenen teils strittigen Grenzen als abstrakte Linien deutlich sichtbar zu machen. Die Karten der Landesaufnahmen waren zunächst geheim, dennoch fanden sie bereits nach wenigen Jahren Eingang in die Atlanten von Ortelius, de Jode und Mercator. Diese beeinflussten wiederum die Karten der Region in den späteren Atlanten der niederländischen, französischen und süddeutschen Kartenverleger. Der Beitrag beschreibt, ab wann und in welcher Form Grenzen in frühen Karten (16.-18. Jahrhundert) dargestellt wurden. Besonders in den Blick genommen wird der Prozess der Ausbildung von Linien zur abstrakten Darstellung unklarer, teils strittiger Grenzräume sowie die zunehmende Professionalisierung und Genauigkeit in der kartographischen Darstellung durch Vermessungen im Feld. [less ▲]

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See detailMethods and Concepts of the Construction of Territories on Maps of the 16th century in the West of the Holy Roman Empire.
Uhrmacher, Martin UL

Scientific Conference (2023, March)

At the beginning of the early modern period, the west of the Holy Roman Empire was a territorially fragmented landscape: Besides a few larger principalities, a multitude of smaller and smallest largely ... [more ▼]

At the beginning of the early modern period, the west of the Holy Roman Empire was a territorially fragmented landscape: Besides a few larger principalities, a multitude of smaller and smallest largely independent territories existed. But in the regional context, the relationships proved to be even more complex; they were characterised by overlapping feudal rights and high court districts, by joint dominions of two, three or more seigneurs, by disputed territories and many other forms of dependencies. A cartographic recording of these complex and multidimensional spatial structures was not possible by the means of the time. The rise of an increasingly scientific cartography from the mid-15th century onwards allowed the princes of larger territories to use cartographic representations as instruments of power: on the one hand, as a basis for the political and administrative development of their territories, on the other hand, as a medium for the dissemination of territorial claims and for the representation of dominion. The analysis of selected maps shows the various strategies used to construct the fragmentary possessions as closed territories. For this purpose, borders in the form of lines were defined on maps from the middle of the 16th century onwards, although linear frontiers between two territories mostly did not exist at that time. [less ▲]

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See detailUmwelt
Braun, Boris; Schulz, Christian UL

in Suwala, Lech (Ed.) Schlüsselbegriffe der Wirtschaftsgeographie (2023)

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See detailVarier les supports et les ressources pour enseigner le lexique en classe de français
Lejot, Eve UL

Presentation (2023, February 28)

La perspective actionnelle, au centre des cours de langues depuis les années 2000, prend en compte le besoin de communiquer des apprenants. Ces derniers sont habitués à réaliser des tâches en contexte ... [more ▼]

La perspective actionnelle, au centre des cours de langues depuis les années 2000, prend en compte le besoin de communiquer des apprenants. Ces derniers sont habitués à réaliser des tâches en contexte pour communiquer dans la langue cible, alors comment rendre aujourd’hui l’apprentissage du lexique dynamique pour nourrir ces interactions dans le contexte multilingue de l’enseignement secondaire au Luxembourg ? Dans cette communication, nous allons explorer plusieurs ressources (l’art et des applications numériques spécialisées sur le lexique) et les travailler sur différents supports (le téléphone et les tablettes). Ces outils didactisés offrent des stratégies d’enseignement-apprentissage en classe inversée ou en enseignement hybride, tout en permettant -nous le verrons-, de maintenir l’attention des élèves en cours de français. Cette démarche facilite également la mise en place de la pédagogie différenciée auprès d’un public aux niveaux hérétogènes (Français Langue Etrangère, Français Langue Seconde, et Français Langue Maternelle). [less ▲]

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See detailSpaceborne GNSS reflectometry for land remote sensing studies
Setti Junior, Paulo de Tarso UL

Doctoral thesis (2023)

Understanding, quantifying and monitoring soil moisture is important for many applications, e.g., agriculture, weather forecasting, occurrence of heatwaves, droughts and floods, and human health. At a ... [more ▼]

Understanding, quantifying and monitoring soil moisture is important for many applications, e.g., agriculture, weather forecasting, occurrence of heatwaves, droughts and floods, and human health. At a large scale, satellite microwave remote sensing has been used to retrieve soil moisture information. Surface water has also been detected and monitored through remote sensing orbital platforms equipped with passive microwave, radar, and optical sensors. The use of reflected L-band Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals represents an emerging remote sensing concept to retrieve geophysical parameters. In GNSS Reflectometry (GNSS-R) these signals are repurposed to infer properties of the surface from which they reflect as they are sensitive to variations in biogeophysical parameters. NASA's Cyclone GNSS (CYGNSS) is the first mission fully dedicated to spaceborne GNSS-R. The eight-satellite constellation measures Global Positioning System (GPS) reflected L1 (1575.42 MHz) signals. Spire Global, Inc. has also started developing their GNSS-R mission, with four satellites currently in orbit. In this thesis we propose and validate a method to retrieve large-scale near-surface soil moisture and a method to map and monitor inundations using spaceborne GNSS-R. Our soil moisture model is based on the assumption that variations in surface reflectivity are linearly related to variations in soil moisture and uses a new method to normalize the observations with respect to the angle of incidence. The normalization method accounts for the spatially varying effects of coherent and incoherent scattering. We found a median unbiased root-mean-square error (ubRMSE) of 0.042 cm3 cm-3 when comparing our method to two years of Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) data and a median ubRMSE of 0.059 cm3 cm-3 compared to the observations of 207 in-situ stations. Our results also showed an improved temporal resolution compared to sensors traditionally used for this purpose. Assessing Spire and CYGNSS data over a region in south east Australia, we observed a similar behavior in terms of surface reflectivity and sensitivity to soil moisture. As Spire satellites collect data from multiple GNSS constellations, we found that it is important to differentiate the observations when calibrating a soil moisture model. The inundation mapping method that we propose is based on a track-wise approach. When classifying the reflections track by track the influence of the angle of incidence and the GNSS transmitted power are minimized or eliminated. With CYGNSS data we produced more than four years of monthly surface water maps over the Amazon River basin and the Pantanal wetlands complex with a spatial resolution of 4.5 km. With GNSS-R we could overcome some of the limitations of optical and microwave remote sensing methods for inundation mapping. We used a set of metrics commonly used to evaluate classification performance to assess our product and discussed the differences and similarities with other products. [less ▲]

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See detailBlack Luxembourg
Tavares, Bernardino UL; Tavares Vieira, Aleida Evandra UL

in Kelly, Natasha A.; Vassel, Olive (Eds.) Mapping Black Europe: Monuments, Markers, Memories (2023)

This chapter addresses migrants’ associations and narratives, and landscape traces of blackness in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. It fosters a critical understanding of black representations, their ... [more ▼]

This chapter addresses migrants’ associations and narratives, and landscape traces of blackness in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. It fosters a critical understanding of black representations, their absences, and presences in the country. In this context, Black Lives Matter’s (BLM’) impact has manifested itself on various levels of society, from rallies gathering together large numbers of people to artistic contestation tactics and the appropriation of public spaces, the mapping of buildings with colonial links, the defacement of monuments, and the renaming of streets, to mention just a few. All this happened in the context of uncovering Luxembourg’s colonial past, which is directly connected to Belgian colonization (Moes 2012). Although the early BLM movement had already pushed bottom-up and top-down discussions on racism, no political measures had been put in place until its impact in 2020. The events of that summer were a sort of “wake-up call” and a sudden turning point, with Black people raising their voices against unequal conditions in modern postcolonial societies in Europe, including in Luxembourg. Additionally, newly created associations of People of African Descent (PAD), such as the feminist and antiracist associations Finkapé and Lëtz Rise Up, have taken the lead and intensified their antiracist activities, shifting the conversation on race and racism from folklore to activism. As a result, the silencing of the colonial past has been broken. At the European level, an earlier study entitled “Being Black in Europe” (BBE), carried out by the Fundamental Rights Agency and published in 2018, had placed Luxembourg at the top of the list of European countries where perceptions of racism are very high. The BLM movements and the BBE study have also fostered a wave of debates at conferences, including one that focused on “Being Black in Luxembourg” and prompted studies on racism, a subject that previously had not been on the country’s public radar. [less ▲]

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See detailLes Italiens dans le Luxembourg des migrations (4e partie)
Scuto, Denis UL

Article for general public (2023)

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See detailGuidelines for Renewal and Securitization of a Critical Infrastructure based on IoT Networks
Villar Miguelez, Cristina; Monzon Baeza, Victor UL; Parada, Raul et al

in Smart Cities (2023)

Global warming has increased uncertainty regarding managing traditional water supply systems. Unfortunately, there is a need for the smart management of water supply systems. This work aims to design a ... [more ▼]

Global warming has increased uncertainty regarding managing traditional water supply systems. Unfortunately, there is a need for the smart management of water supply systems. This work aims to design a solution for renewing and securing critical infrastructure that supplies water and provides water purification inside the range of applications of Industry 4.0 for Smart Cities. Therefore, we analyze the renewal requirements and the applicable use cases and propose a solution based on IoT networks for critical infrastructure in the urban environment. We describe the architecture of the IoT network and the specific hardware for securing a water supply and wastewater treatment chain. In addition, the water level control process for the supply chain and the system that ensures the optimal level of chemicals for wastewater treatment are detailed. Finally, we present the guidelines for infrastructure operators to carry out this operation within Industry 4.0, constituting a development framework for future research on the design of Smart Cities. [less ▲]

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See detailCryptojacking
Samhi, Jordan UL

Article for general public (2023)

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See detailUSB Drop Attacks
Samhi, Jordan UL

Article for general public (2023)

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See detailMetabolomic profiles in night shift workers: A cross-sectional study on hospital female nurses
Borroni, Elisa; Frigerio, Gianfranco UL; Polledri, Elisa et al

in Frontiers in Public Health (2023)

Background and aim: Shift work, especially including night shifts, has been found associated with several diseases, including obesity, diabetes, cancers, and cardiovascular, mental, gastrointestinal and ... [more ▼]

Background and aim: Shift work, especially including night shifts, has been found associated with several diseases, including obesity, diabetes, cancers, and cardiovascular, mental, gastrointestinal and sleep disorders. Metabolomics (an omics-based methodology) may shed light on early biological alterations underlying these associations. We thus aimed to evaluate the effect of night shift work (NSW) on serum metabolites in a sample of hospital female nurses. Methods: We recruited 46 nurses currently working in NSW in Milan (Italy), matched to 51 colleagues not employed in night shifts. Participants filled in a questionnaire on demographics, lifestyle habits, personal and family health history and work, and donated a blood sample. The metabolome was evaluated through a validated targeted approach measuring 188 metabolites. Only metabolites with at least 50% observations above the detection limit were considered, after standardization and log-transformation. Associations between each metabolite and NSW were assessed applying Tobit regression models and Random Forest, a machine-learning algorithm. Results: When comparing current vs. never night shifters, we observed lower levels of 21 glycerophospholipids and 6 sphingolipids, and higher levels of serotonin (+171.0%, 95%CI: 49.1–392.7), aspartic acid (+155.8%, 95%CI: 40.8–364.7), and taurine (+182.1%, 95%CI: 67.6–374.9). The latter was higher in former vs. never night shifters too (+208.8%, 95%CI: 69.2–463.3). Tobit regression comparing ever (i.e., current + former) and never night shifters returned similar results. Years worked in night shifts did not seem to affect metabolite levels. The Random-Forest algorithm confirmed taurine and aspartic acid among the most important variables in discriminating current vs. never night shifters. Conclusions: This study, although based on a small sample size, shows altered levels of some metabolites in night shift workers. If confirmed, our results may shed light on early biological alterations that might be related to adverse health effects of NSW. [less ▲]

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See detailDigitising History From a Global Context; And What This Tells Us About Access and Inequality
Zaagsma, Gerben UL

in Historical Transactions - Royal Historical Society Blog (2023)

In this post we continue our series — ‘Historical Research in the Digital Age’ — which explores historians’ use and understanding of the digital tools and sources that shape modern research culture. The ... [more ▼]

In this post we continue our series — ‘Historical Research in the Digital Age’ — which explores historians’ use and understanding of the digital tools and sources that shape modern research culture. The series explores the impact and implications of digital resources (positive and negative) for how historians work today. In Part Five we hear from Gerben Zaagsma who is an Assistant Professor at the Centre for Contemporary and Digital History (C²DH), University of Luxembourg. Here, Gerben explores the concept of ‘digital abundance’ in global perspective. Allocations of digital resources, and the capacity to access digital content, reflect wider divisions between Global Norths and Souths. However, as Gerben argues, the realities of digital imbalance also cut across these binary divisions. For many, a crucial impediment to research remains the lack of digital discoverability for analogue sources. Gerben also offers ways to better facilitate digital provision in the Global South and connect Northern / Southern research cultures. [less ▲]

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See detailThe Fragmentation of International Investment and Tax Dispute Settlement: A Good Idea?
Garcia Olmedo, Javier UL

in Leiden Journal of International Law (2023)

The international investment and tax law regimes are undergoing a process of significant reforms that seek to address existing shortcomings of the mechanisms used for the resolution of investment and tax ... [more ▼]

The international investment and tax law regimes are undergoing a process of significant reforms that seek to address existing shortcomings of the mechanisms used for the resolution of investment and tax treaty disputes. These reforms show that policymakers are gradually adopting a fragmented approach towards dispute settlement in both fields, with the establishment of different and unco-ordinated mechanisms. This article argues that, instead of fragmenting investment and tax dispute settlement, states should consider establishing a more unified and coherent framework in order to more adequately mitigate the concerns raised in each field [less ▲]

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See detailKrich huet kee kloert Zil a wäert dofir sou laang virugoen, wéi de Putin lieft
Ganschow, Inna UL; Goerens, Annick

Speeches/Talks (2023)

Dëse Krich huet kee kloert "Siegesbild" an kee kloert Zil an dofir wäert en och sou laang virugoen, wéi de Putin nach lieft. Dat fäert d'Inna Ganschow. D'Historikerin a Migratiounsfuerscherin vun der Uni ... [more ▼]

Dëse Krich huet kee kloert "Siegesbild" an kee kloert Zil an dofir wäert en och sou laang virugoen, wéi de Putin nach lieft. Dat fäert d'Inna Ganschow. D'Historikerin a Migratiounsfuerscherin vun der Uni Lëtzebuerg war en Donneschdeg de Moien eis Invitée vun der Redaktioun. [less ▲]

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See detailИнтервью с Инной Гэншоу - исследователем Университета Люксембурга, 22.02.2023г.
Ganschow, Inna UL; Khomutova, Marina

Speeches/Talks (2023)

The interview treats the creation of the Luxembourg Ukrainian Researcher Network LURN at the C2DH and the oral history project with war the testimonies of Ukrainian refugees in the Greater Region "24.02 ... [more ▼]

The interview treats the creation of the Luxembourg Ukrainian Researcher Network LURN at the C2DH and the oral history project with war the testimonies of Ukrainian refugees in the Greater Region "24.02.22, 5 am: Testimonies from the War". У нас в гостях исследователь университета Люксембурга Инна Гэншоу @innaganschow. При ее непосредственном участии на базе Люксембургского университета была создана Украинская ассоциация ученых - LURN. Ее цель - познакомить украинских ученых с академической культурой Люксембурга и запустить новые совместные проекты, создать базу для двусторонних и международных проектов, обмена, коопераций. А также наработки навыков и партнерств, которые помогут академическому сообществу Украины восстановить науку и интегрировать ее в европейский контекст. [less ▲]

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See detailNonstandard n-distances based on certain geometric constructions
Kiss, Gergely; Marichal, Jean-Luc UL

in Beiträge zur Algebra und Geometrie (2023), 64(1), 107-126

The concept of n-distance was recently introduced to generalize the classical definition of distance to functions of n arguments. In this paper we investigate this concept through a number of examples ... [more ▼]

The concept of n-distance was recently introduced to generalize the classical definition of distance to functions of n arguments. In this paper we investigate this concept through a number of examples based on certain geometrical constructions. In particular, our study shows to which extent the computation of the best constant associated with an n-distance may sometimes be difficult and tricky. It also reveals that two important graph theoretical concepts, namely the total length of the Euclidean Steiner tree and the total length of the minimal spanning tree constructed on n points, are instances of n-distances. [less ▲]

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