Results 81-100 of 120.
![]() Martin, Romain ![]() ![]() Conference given outside the academic context (2012) Detailed reference viewed: 164 (11 UL)![]() Engel de Abreu, Pascale ![]() Conference given outside the academic context (2012) Detailed reference viewed: 79 (2 UL)![]() Engel de Abreu, Pascale ![]() Conference given outside the academic context (2012) Detailed reference viewed: 129 (2 UL)![]() Engel de Abreu, Pascale ![]() Conference given outside the academic context (2012) Detailed reference viewed: 88 (7 UL)![]() Engel de Abreu, Pascale ![]() in Journal of Educational Psychology (2012), 104(4), 974-986 This paper reports a latent variable study exploring the specific links between executive processes of working memory, phonological short-term memory, phonological awareness, and proficiency in first (L1 ... [more ▼] This paper reports a latent variable study exploring the specific links between executive processes of working memory, phonological short-term memory, phonological awareness, and proficiency in first (L1), second (L2), and third (L3) languages in 8- to 9-year-olds experiencing multilingual edu-cation. Children completed multiple L1-measures of complex span, verbal short-term storage, and phonological awareness, and tests of proficiency in a range of linguistic domains (vocabulary, grammar, and literacy) in Luxembourgish (L1), German (familiar L2) and French (unfamiliar L3). Results indicate that executive processing abilities, phonological short-term memory, and phono-logical awareness operate as distinct but related constructs that manifest differential associations with native and second language proficiency in multilingual children: Phonological short-term memory was uniquely linked to vocabulary in L1 and the structurally similar L2; executive pro-cesses were related to grammar across languages, reading comprehension, and spelling; and phono-logical awareness made specific contributions to word decoding, spelling, and language proficiency in the structurally dissimilar L3. Phonological processing abilities appear to be critical for acquiring the sound structure of a new language, whereas executive processes share more general links with higher-order linguistic abilities in second language learners. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 373 (11 UL)![]() Engel de Abreu, Pascale ![]() ![]() in Psychological Science (2012), 23(11), 1364-1371 This study explores whether the cognitive advantage associated with bilingualism in executive functioning extends to young children challenged by poverty and if so, which specific processes are most ... [more ▼] This study explores whether the cognitive advantage associated with bilingualism in executive functioning extends to young children challenged by poverty and if so, which specific processes are most affected. Forty Portuguese-Luxembourgish bilingual children from low-income immigrant families in Luxembourg and 40 matched monolingual children from Portugal completed visuo-spatial tests of working memory, abstract reasoning, selective attention, and interference suppres-sion. Two broad cognitive factors of executive functioning labeled representation (abstract reason-ing and working memory) and control (selective attention and interference suppression) emerged from principal components analysis. Whereas there were no group differences in representation, the bilinguals performed significantly better than the monolinguals in control. These results demon-strate first, that the bilingual advantage is neither confounded with nor limited by socioeconomic and cultural factors and second, that separable aspects of executive functioning are differentially af-fected by bilingualism. The bilingual advantage lies in control but not in visuo-spatial representa-tional processes. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 681 (32 UL)![]() Engel de Abreu, Pascale ![]() Presentation (2011, November) Detailed reference viewed: 77 (3 UL)![]() Engel de Abreu, Pascale ![]() ![]() Presentation (2011, September) Detailed reference viewed: 117 (4 UL)![]() ![]() Engel de Abreu, Pascale ![]() Scientific Conference (2011, July) This study explores the underlying factor structure of executive functions, working memory, and language in young children from a range of social backgrounds. A particular interest was to investigate the ... [more ▼] This study explores the underlying factor structure of executive functions, working memory, and language in young children from a range of social backgrounds. A particular interest was to investigate the effect of socioeconomic status on the identified factor structure and to explore whether potential links might be mediated by stimulation in the home and/or nutritional status. A population of 400, six- and eight-year-olds, completed multiple measures of working memory, short-term memory, response inhibition, conflict resolution, focused attention, fluid intelligence, and language. Socioeconomic status was indexed by the education and occupation of the caregivers and household income. Anthropometrical assessments were conducted to establish nutritional status; Environmental stimulation was explored via interviews conducted with the caregivers. The results contribute to theoretical conceptions of the components of executive functions in childhood and their link with related cognitive systems. They also contribute to an increased understanding of the relationship between poverty and cognitive achievement. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 156 (8 UL)![]() ![]() Engel de Abreu, Pascale ![]() Scientific Conference (2011, July) The study investigates how working memory and fluid intelligence are related in young children and how these links develop over time. The major aim is to determine which aspect of the working memory ... [more ▼] The study investigates how working memory and fluid intelligence are related in young children and how these links develop over time. The major aim is to determine which aspect of the working memory system - short-term storage or cognitive control - drives the relationship with fluid intelligence. 119 children were followed from kindergarten to second grade and completed multiple assessments of working memory, short-term memory, and fluid intelligence. The data showed that working memory, short-term memory, and fluid intelligence were highly related but separate constructs in young children. When the common variance between working memory and short-term memory was controlled, the residual working memory factor manifested significant links with fluid intelligence whereas the residual short-term memory factor did not. These findings suggest that in young children cognitive control mechanisms rather than the storage component of working memory span tasks are the source of their link with fluid intelligence. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 152 (8 UL)![]() Engel de Abreu, Pascale ![]() Scientific Conference (2011, June) Detailed reference viewed: 76 (3 UL)![]() Engel de Abreu, Pascale ![]() Scientific Conference (2011, June) Detailed reference viewed: 123 (3 UL)![]() ![]() Engel de Abreu, Pascale ![]() Scientific Conference (2011, June) Two studies are presented exploring whether performance on assessments of working memory (WM) and vocabulary is affected by the experience with the test language and/or the linguistic and cultural status ... [more ▼] Two studies are presented exploring whether performance on assessments of working memory (WM) and vocabulary is affected by the experience with the test language and/or the linguistic and cultural status of the child. Forty 7-year-old Portuguese-speaking immigrant children growing up in Luxembourg were assessed on a range of L1 and L2 vocabulary measures and verbal WM tests. Their data was compared to monolingual speakers of Luxembourgish and Portuguese from different socioeconomic background (SES) groups. Results showed that WM is highly associated with vocabulary in both native and foreign languages. Furthermore, the study indicates that WM tests are relatively independent of SES, test language, and immigrant/language status. In contrast, results on the vocabulary measures have shown that bilingual immigrant children perform equally well to monolinguals if their combined vocabulary across languages is considered but lack behind their monolingual peers in terms of conceptual development. The data suggests that bilingual immigrants’ poor conceptual knowledge is not simply a reflection of lower SES but instead seems to be a direct consequence of growing up as an immigrant in a multilingual environment. The results of this study have important practical utility especially in relation to improving the range of culture-fair assessment tools that can be used with minority language children. As WM measures are highly associated with children’s language learning and are relatively independent of test language, language status, and SES, these tests might provide valuable tools for distinguishing between language impairments of a cognitive origin and language differences related to the environmental context of growing up as an immigrant with several languages. This distinction is crucial in order to avoid erroneous diagnostics and provide appropriate remediational support that help immigrant children overcome their langue differences in order to improve their chances of accessing the same opportunities and resources as their majority culture peers. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 128 (3 UL)![]() ; ; et al Poster (2011, May) A inteligência humana pode ser dividida em dois tipos de inteligência: a cristalizada, a qual se baseia em habilidades adquiridas e aprendizado passado, e a fluida, que se refere à capacidade de ... [more ▼] A inteligência humana pode ser dividida em dois tipos de inteligência: a cristalizada, a qual se baseia em habilidades adquiridas e aprendizado passado, e a fluida, que se refere à capacidade de relacionar idéias e de resolver novos problemas. Esse estudo explora os efeitos do nível socioeconômico (NSE) no desenvolvimento de habilidades cognitivas fluidas e cristalizadas em crianças. A pesquisa contou com um total de 105 participantes de 6 a 8 anos, pertencentes a três diferentes níveis socioeconômicos (alto, médio e baixo) de acordo com o Critério de Classificação Econômica Brasil (ABEP). Foram recrutadas crianças do primeiro e segundo ano do ensino fundamental de escolas particulares, de bairro e públicas em Salvador. Cada grupo continha 35 participantes equiparados em idade, sexo e ano de escolaridade. Os grupos não diferiram significativamente em aspectos nutricionais, estado emocional, peso ao nascer e tempo de gestação. As crianças foram avaliadas por uma extensa bateria de medidas comportamentais que exploraram a inteligência cristalizada (vocabulário, sintaxe e desempenho acadêmico) e a inteligência fluida (memória operacional e raciocínio indutivo). Os resultados apontaram que crianças inseridas em condições desprivilegiadas (baixo NSE) apresentaram desempenho significativamente pior nas medidas de inteligência cristalizada, quando comparadas às crianças que cresceram em ambiente mais favorável (alto NSE); com tamanho do efeito significativo. As crianças de baixo NSE apresentaram, também, um pior desempenho nos testes de inteligência fluida, que, embora significativo, foram menos expressivos que os efeitos correspondentes nas medidas de linguagem. Este estudo mostra que o crescimento em ambientes de baixo NSE constitui um sério fator de risco para o desenvolvimento cognitivo infantil. Sugere, ainda, que alguns sistemas neurocognitivos são mais sensíveis ao NSE que outros: o sistema de linguagem é fortemente impactado pelo NSE, enquanto a memória operacional e a resolução de conflitos são moderadamente influenciadas. Tais achados relacionados ao perfil neurocognitivo do NSE na infância são essenciais no sentido de testar hipóteses mais específicas sobre mecanismos causais e maximizar o efeito de intervenções. Deste modo, pais e escolas desempenham um papel fundamental em prover um ambiente cognitivo estimulante, a fim de otimizar o desenvolvimento intelectual infantil. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 236 (5 UL)![]() Engel de Abreu, Pascale ![]() Presentation (2011, February) Detailed reference viewed: 79 (1 UL)![]() Engel de Abreu, Pascale ![]() Article for general public (2011) Dës Brochure soll derzou bäidroen, fir Iech d’Konzept “Aarbechtsgediechtnes” méi nozebréngen. Dir fannt an dëser Brochure Informatiounen iwwer d’Verbindung tëschent dem Aarbechtsgediechtnes an dem Léiere ... [more ▼] Dës Brochure soll derzou bäidroen, fir Iech d’Konzept “Aarbechtsgediechtnes” méi nozebréngen. Dir fannt an dëser Brochure Informatiounen iwwer d’Verbindung tëschent dem Aarbechtsgediechtnes an dem Léiere bei Kanner; iwwer méiglech Léierschwieregkeete vu Kanner mat Aarbechtsgediechtnesproblemer; a wéi een dës Problemer an der Klass erkenne kann an deem entgéintwierke kann. Ech beschreiwen och kuerz mäin aktuelle Fuerschungsprojet op der Universitéit Lëtzebuerg, dee sech mat den Auswierkunge vun der Méisproochegkeet op d’Aarbechtsgediechtnes beschäftegt. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 152 (6 UL)![]() ; ; et al in Sternberg, R; Kaufman, S (Eds.) Cambridge Handbook of Intelligence (2011) This volume provides the most comprehensive and up-to-date compendium of theory and research in the field of human intelligence. Each of the 42 chapters is written by world-renowned experts in their ... [more ▼] This volume provides the most comprehensive and up-to-date compendium of theory and research in the field of human intelligence. Each of the 42 chapters is written by world-renowned experts in their respective fields, and collectively, they cover the full range of topics of contemporary interest in the study of intelligence. The handbook is divided into nine parts: Part I covers intelligence and its measurement; Part II deals with the development of intelligence; Part III discusses intelligence and group differences; Part IV concerns the biology of intelligence; Part V is about intelligence and information processing; Part VI discusses different kinds of intelligence; Part VII covers intelligence and society; Part VIII concerns intelligence in relation to allied constructs; and Part IX is the concluding chapter, which reflects on where the field is currently and where it still needs to go. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 346 (8 UL)![]() Engel de Abreu, Pascale ![]() in Memory (2011), 19(5), 529-537 This research investigates whether early childhood bilingualism affects working memory performance in 6- to 8-year-olds, followed over a longitudinal period of 3 years. The study tests the hypothesis that ... [more ▼] This research investigates whether early childhood bilingualism affects working memory performance in 6- to 8-year-olds, followed over a longitudinal period of 3 years. The study tests the hypothesis that bilinguals might exhibit more efficient working memory abilities than monolinguals, potentially via the opportunity a bilingual environment provides to train cognitive control by combating interference and intrusions from the non-target language. A total of 44 bilingual and monolingual children, matched on age, sex, and socioeconomic status, completed assessments of working memory (simple span and complex span tasks), fluid intelligence, and language (vocabulary and syntax). The data showed that the monolinguals performed significantly better on the language measures across the years, whereas no language group effect emerged on the working memory and fluid intelligence tasks after verbal abilities were considered. The study suggests that the need to manage several language systems in the bilingual mind has an impact on children's language skills while having little effects on the development of working memory. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 385 (13 UL)![]() Engel de Abreu, Pascale ![]() ![]() in Learning and Individual Differences (2011), 21 This study investigates the relationship between working memory and language in young children growing up in a multilingual environment. The aim is to explore whether mechanisms of short-term storage and ... [more ▼] This study investigates the relationship between working memory and language in young children growing up in a multilingual environment. The aim is to explore whether mechanisms of short-term storage and cognitive control hold similar relations to emerging language skills and to investigate if potential links are mediated by related cognitive abilities. A sample of 119 Luxembourgish 6-year-olds completed several assessments of working memory (complex and simple span), native and foreign vocabulary, syntax, reading, rhyme awareness, and fluid intelligence. Results showed that short-term storage and cognitive control manifested differential links with developing language abilities: Whereas verbal short-term storage was specifically linked to vocabulary; cognitive control manifested unique and robust links with syntax and early reading development. The study suggests that in young children the working memory system is composed of separate but interacting components corresponding to short-term storage and cognitive control that can be distinguished by the roles they play in supporting language acquisition. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 406 (16 UL)![]() Engel de Abreu, Pascale ![]() ![]() Article for general public (2011) A memória operacional é uma área particular da cognição fluída que recebeu grande atenção nos últimos anos. Mais e mais evidências sugerem que ela tem um papel chave que respalda o aprendizado de crianças ... [more ▼] A memória operacional é uma área particular da cognição fluída que recebeu grande atenção nos últimos anos. Mais e mais evidências sugerem que ela tem um papel chave que respalda o aprendizado de crianças através dos anos escolares e, muito além, durante toda a vida adulta. A identificação de dificul-dades de memória operacional em sala de aula é, portanto, uma área promissora que pode ajudar professores, pais e autoridades educacionais a dispor a seus filhos/alunos a intervenção adequada em caso de dificuldades educacionais. Este guia prático foi especificamente desenvolvido para professores, pais, autoridades educacionais e quaisquer outras pessoas envolvidas em ambientes escolares ou interessadas em memória operacional e aprendizado. Será abordado o conceito de memória operacional no nosso dia-a-dia e principalmente no contexto escolar. Depois de lê-lo você vai ter um melhor entendimento do que é memória operacional, como ela se relaciona com o desempenho escolar da criança, e como os problemas de memória operacional podem ser reconhecidos e até mesmo remediados ou reduzidos por professores. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 436 (3 UL) |
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