La consommation de Cannabis chez les jeunes d’âge scolaire (12-18 ans) au Luxembourg - Résultats de l'enquête HBSC de 2018

Report (2022)

Le cannabis est considéré comme la substance illicite la plus fréquemment consommée dans le monde. Sa consommation est jugée particulièrement dangereuse si elle est fréquente, fortement dosée et commence ... [more ▼]

Le cannabis est considéré comme la substance illicite la plus fréquemment consommée dans le monde. Sa consommation est jugée particulièrement dangereuse si elle est fréquente, fortement dosée et commence à l'adolescence. En raison de ses effets nocifs sur la santé et la société, ce rapport a pour objectif d’examiner le nombre de jeunes qui consomment du cannabis au Luxembourg, ainsi que les facteurs sociodémographiques, de risque et de protection associés à cette consommation, afin d'illustrer les possibilités d'interventions promotion de la santé et de prévention de comportement addictifs. Les données présentées proviennent de l'enquête Health Behaviour in School-aged Children - HBSC de 2018. L’analyse porte sur les données de 6 880 jeunes de l‘enseignement secondaire âgés de 12 à 18 ans. Pour répondre à l’objectif, les jeunes ont été répartis en 3 groupes : 1) les jeunes qui n'ont jamais consommé du cannabis ; 2) les jeunes qui ont consommé du cannabis dans leur vie, mais pas au cours des 30 derniers jours (consommation passée) et ; 3) les jeunes qui ont consommé du cannabis au cours des 30 derniers jours (consommation actuelle). Les analyses descriptives montrent que parmi les participants, 82 % n'ont jamais consommé du cannabis, 9 % en ont consommé dans le passé et 9 % en consomment actuellement. À l’aide des analyses de régression logistique multinomiales, le lien entre la consommation de cannabis et une série de variables sociodémographiques, des comportements à risque, le soutien social, le milieu scolaire et la santé et le bien-être a été analysé, afin d'explorer les facteurs sociodémographiques, de risque et de protections associés à la consommation de cannabis. Les seuls facteurs qui restent significatifs pour la consommation de cannabis sont l'âge, le genre, la situation familiale, la consommation de tabac, la consommation d'alcool, la participation à des bagarres, la perception du soutien de la part des parents et des enseignants par les élèves. Toutefois, l'âge et la consommation actuelle de tabac sont les facteurs les plus importants. Ainsi, en ce qui concerne les facteurs sociodémographiques, les garçons, les adolescents les plus âgés et ceux qui ne vivent pas avec leurs deux parents sont plus enclins à faire partie des groupes qui ont consommé du cannabis. L’augmentation des comportements à risque (fréquence plus élevée de consommation de tabac, d'alcool et de participation à des bagarres) se traduit par une plus grande probabilité de consommation de cannabis. De plus, les jeunes qui ont un comportement à risque ont tendance à opter pour d'autres comportements à risque. En revanche, le soutien perçu de la famille et le soutien perçu des enseignants sont des facteurs protégeant de la consommation de cannabis. Ainsi, les élèves qui se sentent soutenus par leurs parents et leurs enseignants sont moins enclins à consommer du cannabis. Il est donc pertinent d'adapter les méthodes de prévention de la consommation de cannabis en fonction de l'âge et du genre, et d’axer les approches de prévention sur ceux qui considèrent sa consommation comme l’un des éléments d'un comportement à risque global plutôt que celles ciblant uniquement cette substance. En effet, les modèles de prévention qui visent à promouvoir un comportement global plus soucieux de la santé semblent être plus efficaces. [less ▲]

Problematische Nutzung sozialer Medien von Kindern und Jugendlichen im Schulalter in Luxembourg – Ergebnisse der HBSC Umfrage 2018

Report (2022)

Insbesondere unter Jugendlichen hat die Nutzung sozialer Medien in den letzten Jahren zugenommen. Wenn die Nutzung Merkmale einer Sucht aufweist (z.B. Gewöhnung und sozialer Rückzug), dann wird von einer ... [more ▼]

Insbesondere unter Jugendlichen hat die Nutzung sozialer Medien in den letzten Jahren zugenommen. Wenn die Nutzung Merkmale einer Sucht aufweist (z.B. Gewöhnung und sozialer Rückzug), dann wird von einer problematischen Nutzung sozialer Medien gesprochen – im Folgenden PSMU genannt. Dieser Kurzbericht gibt einen Überblick darüber, wie häufig PSMU unter luxemburgischen Schülern vorkommt und welche Merkmale mit einem höheren Risiko für PSMU einhergehen. Dazu wurden Daten der luxemburgischen Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC)-Studie 2018 ausgewertet, an der 8 687 Jugendliche im Alter von 11 bis 18 Jahren teilnahmen. Laut dieser Umfrage liegt die Häufigkeit von PSMU in dieser Altersgruppe bei 5,9 %. Eine Reihe von Merkmalen aus den Bereichen Soziodemografie, soziale Unterstützung, Wohlbefinden und Mediennutzung wurden als potenzielle Risikofaktoren untersucht. PSMU tritt häufiger bei Mädchen und jüngeren Schülern sowie bei Schülern mit Migrationshintergrund auf. Bei Schülern, die bei beiden Elternteilen aufwachsen, ist PSMU seltener im Vergleich zu Schülern, die bei Alleinerziehenden oder in anderen Familienkonstellationen aufwachsen. Ein Vergleich der Risikofaktoren hat ergeben, dass das Alter, Cybermobbing, Stress, psychosomatische Beschwerden, eine Vorliebe für Online-Interaktion und die Intensität der Kommunikation über elektronische Medien die wichtigsten Risikofaktoren sind. Das Risiko für einen problematischen Umgang mit sozialen Medien ist somit höher bei jüngeren Schülern; Schülern, die andere online mobben; gestressten Schülern; Schülern mit häufigen psychosomatischen Beschwerden; Schülern, die Online-Kommunikation gegenüber einer Kommunikation in der realen Welt vorziehen sowie Schülern, die elektronische Medien generell häufig nutzen. Speziell zur Prävention von PSMU haben sich noch keine Maßnahmen etabliert, aber es gibt gut erforschte Maßnahmen zur Prävention von Internetsucht, die sich in abgewandelter Form möglicherweise auch bei PSMU eignen. [less ▲]

Profiles of cannabis consumption among school-aged children in Luxembourg

Poster (2022)

Background: Cannabis is the most widely used illegal drug globally, with almost 200 million users in 2019. This use is associated with many negative health consequences and social problems, such as low ... [more ▼]

Background: Cannabis is the most widely used illegal drug globally, with almost 200 million users in 2019. This use is associated with many negative health consequences and social problems, such as low school performance and other drug use. Cannabis use can be articularly harmful if it starts early, if it’s excessive or if it occurs associated with other forms of problematic behaviours. A lot of health behaviours, good or bad, emerge during adolescence and remain through the life course. Changing unhealthy behaviours in adolescence would significantly impact society, such as reducing the load of disease, injuries, and economic costs. The objective of this study is to explore cannabis consumption profiles and the factors related to it during adolescence. Methods: This study is based on the 2017/2018 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children Luxembourg survey. Participated 6 880 adolescents, aged 12 to 18-year-old, that attended schools in Luxembourg that teach according to the national. Adolescents answered if they used cannabis during their lifetime and during the past month. Following, they were categorized into 4 groups: 1. never consumed cannabis in a lifetime; 2. consumed in a lifetime but not in the past month; 3. non-daily use during the past month and; 4. daily use (or almost) during the past month. To compare and characterize the groups, descriptive and bivariate analyzes were undertaken, as well as their significance level. Results: Results show that most of the adolescents (81.8%) never consumed cannabis in their lifetime; 9.4% declared a consumption during their lifetime but not the past month; 6.6% used during the past month, non-daily; and 2.2% used (almost) daily during the past month. Different profiles emerge between the groups, particularly with regard to socio-demographic characteristics and risky behaviours. In the case of social relationships and indicators of health and well-being, differences exist but are not as pronounced. Boys, older students and those who do not live with both parents are more likely to be part of groups that have used cannabis. In addition, most risk behaviours show a dose-response relationship with cannabis use. The increase in risky behaviours translates into not only a greater likelihood of using cannabis but also a greater frequency of use. Conclusion: The four different profiles evolve gradually with the frequency of cannabis consumption. This dose-effect relationship has been highlighted between cannabis consumption and the other variables present but is especially true for risk behaviours. Prevention strategies should distinguish adolescents from each of these groups, starting in early adolescence and focus on risk behaviours as a whole. [less ▲]

Gesundheit von Schülerinnen und Schülern in Luxemburg - Bericht zur luxemburgischen HBSC-Befragung 2018

Report (2021)

Der Bericht gibt Auskunft über Gesundheit und Wohlbefinden der Schüler im Jahr 2018 in ihrem sozialen Kontext. Darüber hinaus informiert er, wie sich die entsprechenden Indikatoren von 2006—2018 in ... [more ▼]

Der Bericht gibt Auskunft über Gesundheit und Wohlbefinden der Schüler im Jahr 2018 in ihrem sozialen Kontext. Darüber hinaus informiert er, wie sich die entsprechenden Indikatoren von 2006—2018 in Luxemburg entwickelt haben. Verbesserungen gab es vor allem beim Gesundheitsverhalten — die Schüler rauchen und trinken weniger, sie putzen sich häufiger die Zähne und essen mehr Obst und Gemüse. Verschlechterungen betreffen die mentale Gesundheit: Die Schüler haben häufiger psychosomatische Beschwerden und sie fühlen sich häufiger von der Schularbeit gestresst. Des Weiteren sind die Schüler häufiger übergewichtig und sie sind seltener körperlich aktiv. Der Bericht zeigt auch, dass Gesundheitsrisiken mit soziodemografischen Merkmalen zusammenhängen, wie u. a. dem Geschlecht, dem Alter, dem Wohlstand und dem Migrationshintergrund. So verhalten sich Mädchen zwar häufig gesundheitsbewusster als Jungen, aber dennoch schätzen sie ihren Gesundheitszustand schlechter ein und sie haben mehr Stress und sie sind häufiger von multiplen psychosomatischen Beschwerden betroffen. Aus Clusteranalysen geht hervor, dass es typische Konstellationen von Gesundheitsverhaltensweisen gibt, die zudem mit soziodemografischen Merkmalen sowie Übergewicht, Stress und der Lebenszufriedenheit zusammenhängen. [less ▲]

Scanning of questionnaires as a tool to identify difficult questions - lessons learned

Scientific Conference (2020, November 10)

Background: In 2018, the Luxembourg HBSC team scanned the questionnaires to make the data available faster and to avoid entry errors. Scanning has been shown to be suitable for identifying difficult ... [more ▼]

Background: In 2018, the Luxembourg HBSC team scanned the questionnaires to make the data available faster and to avoid entry errors. Scanning has been shown to be suitable for identifying difficult questions. Objective: The presentation shows which questions were difficult to answer and what the difficulty was. Method: The questionnaires were scanned by student assistants and the data was validated by them if the scanning programme did not detect any errors. If errors occurred (e.g. missing answers or multiple answers), then these questionnaires were checked by HBSC team members. This gave us a systematic overview of which questions were difficult to answer. Results 1. The data from 10000 questionnaires were entered in 6 weeks (half the time needed compared to manual entry in 2014). 2. The MVPA question was frequently the subject of multiple answers. This may indicate that these students use the answer scale as a counting aid. 3. Students who state that they have never smoked in their lives often skip the question about tobacco use in the last month. This behaviour can be explained by Grice's conversational maxims. 4. Behaviours indicating that the answers are not serious (crossed-out questions, crosses outside the boxes, fun answers to open questions) are rare. Conclusions: Scanning is an efficient way to enter many questionnaires in a short time and high quality. Furthermore, it can help to discover difficult questions and to find out what the difficulty is. [less ▲]

Trends from 2006-2018 in Health, Health Behaviour, Health Outcomes and Social Context of Adolescents in Luxembourg

Report (2020)

This report shows how 30 health indicators developed in the four Luxembourg HBSC surveys conducted in 2006, 2010, 2014 and 2018. There were positive trends especially in the health behaviour of the pupils ... [more ▼]

This report shows how 30 health indicators developed in the four Luxembourg HBSC surveys conducted in 2006, 2010, 2014 and 2018. There were positive trends especially in the health behaviour of the pupils: they smoke less and drink less alcohol. They also report more frequently that they brush their teeth regularly, eat more fruit and fewer sweets and consume fewer soft drinks. From 2006-2018, however, there were also deteriorations. For example, more pupils feel stressed from school and rate the climate among classmates worse. In addition, there are more pupils who are overweight and exercise less and more pupils report having psychosomatic health complaints. [less ▲]

Comportement suicidaire des adolescents au Luxembourg

Conference given outside the academic context (2020)

Patterns of health related gender inequalities – a cluster analysis of 45 countries

in Journal of Adolescent Health (2020), 66(6S), 29-39

Purpose: The paper explores gender inequalities between 45 countries across 10 health indicators among adolescents and whether those differences in health correlate with gender inequality in general ... [more ▼]

Purpose: The paper explores gender inequalities between 45 countries across 10 health indicators among adolescents and whether those differences in health correlate with gender inequality in general. Methods: Data from 71,942 students aged 15 years from 45 countries who participated in the 2018 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey were analyzed. For this purpose, 10 indicators were selected, representing a broad spectrum of health outcomes. The gender differences in the countries were first presented using odds ratios. Countries with similar risk profiles were grouped together using cluster analyses. For each of the 10 indicators, the correlation with the Gender Inequality Index was examined. Results: The cluster analysis reveals systematic gender inequalities, as the countries can be divided into seven distinct groups with similar gender inequality patterns. For eight of the 10 health indicators, there is a negative correlation with the Gender Inequality Index: the greater the gender equality in a country, the higher the odds that girls feel fat, have low support from families, have low life satisfaction, have multiple health complaints, smoke, drink alcohol, feel school pressure, and are overweight compared with boys. Four indicators show a divergence: the higher the gender equality in a country in general, the larger the differences between boys and girls regarding life satisfaction, school pressure, multiple health complaints, and feeling fat. Conclusions: Countries that are geographically and historically linked are similar in terms of the health risks for boys and girls. The results challenge the assumption that greater gender equality is always associated with greater health equality. [less ▲]

Ernährung und Bewegung von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Luxemburg – Ergebnisse der HBSC-Befragungen 2006-2018

Conference given outside the academic context (2019)

Communication with father and mother differently impacts suicidal behaviour

Poster (2019, September)

Background: Positive relationships with parents can reduce the risk of suicidal behaviour in adolescents. Previous research has indicated that adolescents who report poor communication with their parents ... [more ▼]

Background: Positive relationships with parents can reduce the risk of suicidal behaviour in adolescents. Previous research has indicated that adolescents who report poor communication with their parents are more likely to display suicidal behaviour. The aim of this study is to find out whether communication with the father or mother is equally important for suicidal behaviour. Methods: A total of 5595 students aged from 12 to 18 years old in secondary school participated in the 2014 HBSC Luxembourg survey. They responded to a questionnaire including, among others: 4 questions regarding sadness, suicide ideation, planning and attempt, and 2 questions about ease of communication with their father and mother. Findings: Adolescents who indicate poorer communication with their mother or father have higher odds for all suicidal behaviours. Poor communication with fathers has a bigger influence on the odds for sadness, whereas poor communication with mothers has a bigger influence on the odds for attempted suicide. Lastly, adolescents who don`t have or don`t see their mother or father are at increased risk for the suicidal behaviours, although the odds are not as high as for those indicating very difficult communication with their parent(s). Discussion: The Luxembourgish findings confirm the results of previous research and go further showing that, as a determinant, communication with mother differs from the communication with father. More studies should confirm these findings and include other variables, such as social support and stress, in order to see their relation with the communication with both parental figures and suicidal behaviours. [less ▲]