Sport und körperliche Aktivität

in Renneberg, B.; Hammelstein, P. (Eds.) Gesundheitspsychologie (2006)

Chronic illness as a stimulus to eupraxia in patient-centred medicine: The example of long-term diagnosis with HIV

in Chronic Illness (2006), 2

The biopsychosocial challenges of living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have changed over time and they dictate the need for relevant medical services. The meaning of an HIV diagnosis has moved ... [more ▼]

The biopsychosocial challenges of living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have changed over time and they dictate the need for relevant medical services. The meaning of an HIV diagnosis has moved from a terminal to a manageable condition with the development of antiretrovirals, bringing profound changes to the experience of living with HIV and the meaning and use of diagnostic labels. Six biological stage-related categories in the literature of psychological medicine of HIV are critiqued. Long-term HIV highlights the inadequacy of physician-centred, acute-care medicine in chronic illness and its exclusion of preventive, psychological and rehabilitative modalities. ‘Eupraxia’ is presented as a conceptual framework for chronic care medicine, referring to best practice, wellbeing, best interests, and (public) welfare, through facilitated but collaborative approaches. A public-centred service model is proposed, using idiographic assessment and treatment by clinicians as patient delegates (proxies), monitoring joined-up care, providing group-based biopsychosocial treatment, facilitating autonomous and self-managing behaviour by the public, removing professional and practice hierarchies, and implementing real-time clinical and managerial accountability with public ownership and involvement. This model is superior in its health- and cost-effectiveness but can only work within a nationalized system that focuses equally on standardized outcomes and evidential and personalized health outcomes. [less ▲]

Education

in Kerr; Moretti, M.; Weitkunat, R. (Eds.) ABC of Behaviour Change (2005)

Kinder und Heranwachsende mit HIV oder AIDS

in Schlottke, P. F.; Silbereisen, R. K.; Schneider, S. (Eds.) et al Enzyklopädie der Psychologie,D/II/6: Störungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter (2005)

Körperbild, Diätverhalten und körperliche Aktivität bei 9-10 jährigen Kindern

in Kindheit und Entwicklung (2005), 14

The aim of the present study was to investigate body dissatisfaction and eating attitudes and the moderating role of gender, parental influences, body-mass index (BMI), and physical activity in 9 ± 10 ... [more ▼]

The aim of the present study was to investigate body dissatisfaction and eating attitudes and the moderating role of gender, parental influences, body-mass index (BMI), and physical activity in 9 ± 10-year-old children. Sixty-eight 9 ± 10-year-old children (36 boys, 32 girls) were asked to indicate their perceived and ideal body size using the figure drawing scale of Childress et al. (1993). Physical activity levels were assessed with a diary method over 7 consecutive days. Questionnaires were used to collect information on children's eating habits and children's perception of parental weight, parental attitudes towards body size, and eating habits. Children's weight and height were measured and the BMI calculated. 44 % of boys and 34 % of girls wanted to be thinner than they perceived themselves to be. Multiple regression analyses indicated that this desire was predicted by children's BMI, perceived overweight of mother, and eating patterns indicating restraint eating style. Given that only 13 % were overweight, the percentage of children wanting to be thinner is of concern. The current results indicate that there may be an increasing trend for a thinner body ideal in boys compared to previous reports. [less ▲]

Fasten und (Über)-essen: Auswirkungen von Jojo-Diäten auf Parameter der kardialen sympatho-vagalen Balance

in Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie (2005), (34), 95-103

Background: Findings from animal studies suggest sympathetic inhibition during dietary restriction as opposed to increased sympathetic activity during re-feeding. Objective: The present study investigated ... [more ▼]

Background: Findings from animal studies suggest sympathetic inhibition during dietary restriction as opposed to increased sympathetic activity during re-feeding. Objective: The present study investigated sympatho-vagal balance in relation to endocrinological parameters of malnutrition status in women diagnosed with bulimia nervosa. Methods: Sixteen female volunteers diagnosed with bulimia nervosa were categorised according to their serum profile (glucose, pre-albumin, insuline-like growth factor, TSH, leptin) into currently malnourished (i.e. fasting) versus non-malnourished (not fasting) and compared with fourteen non-eating disordered controls matched for age and BMI. Spectral components of heart rate variability (HRV) were calculated on resting heart rate data using autoregressive analysis. Results: As expected, fasting bulimic women displayed lower values of resting heart rate compared to non-fasting women and controls. Non-fasting bulimic women consistently showed lower results in the vagally mediated component and significantly higher results in the sympathetically mediated component of HRV. Conclusions: These results confirm the notion of cardiac sympathetic inhibition during caloric restriction and increased activity during periods of normal eating or bingeing. [less ▲]

Hospitalisation and stressful medical procedures

in Kaptein, A.; Weinman, J. (Eds.) Health Psychology (2004)

Depression, perceived control, and life satisfaction in university students from central-eastern and western Europe

in International Journal of Behavioral Medicine (2004), 11

The poor health and psychological well-being of people in the former socialist states of Centeral-Eastern Europe are of serious concern and may be related to low perceived control. We compared depressive ... [more ▼]

The poor health and psychological well-being of people in the former socialist states of Centeral-Eastern Europe are of serious concern and may be related to low perceived control. We compared depressive symptoms, life satisfaction, and self-rated health in 3,571 male and female university students from 5 Western European countries and 4,793 students from 5 Central-Eastern European countries. Depression scores (short Beck Depression Inventory; Beck & Beck, 1972) were higher in Central-Eastern than Western European samples. The prevalence of low life satisfaction was also greater in Central-Eastern Europeans, but ratings of self-rated health did not differ. Ratings of perceived control were diminished, but sense of mastery and internal health locus of control were higher in Central-Eastern Europe. Depression and low life satisfaction were associated with low perceived control and mastery and with strong beliefs in the influence of chance over health. However, taking these factors into account did not explain the East-West difference in depressive symptoms and low life satisfaction. [less ▲]

Körperliche Aktivität in der Adipositastherapie

in Schusdziarra, V. (Ed.) Adipositas - Konzepte für ein Langzeitproblem (2003)

Psychophysiologic effects of applied tension on the emotional fainting response to blood and injury.

in Behaviour research and therapy (2003), 41

OBJECTIVE: The present study was designed to investigate the psychophysiologic effects of "Applied Tension" (AT) on the emotional fainting response to blood and injury in a controlled experiment. METHOD ... [more ▼]

OBJECTIVE: The present study was designed to investigate the psychophysiologic effects of "Applied Tension" (AT) on the emotional fainting response to blood and injury in a controlled experiment. METHOD: Twenty-two persons reporting to generally feel faint or to have fainted at the sight of blood or injury and 22 participants classified as Non-Fainters were randomly allocated to a treatment or control condition. Psychophysiologic responses were continuously monitored while individuals watched a video depicting open-heart surgery and a control film. Prior to the surgery film, participants in the treatment condition were instructed in the use of AT. RESULTS: All participants classified as Fainters showed a diphasic response pattern while watching the surgery film. This response, however, was significantly attenuated in Fainters in the treatment condition. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that AT provides an effective treatment strategy for the prevention of fainting responses in persons with a fear of blood and injury. [less ▲]