Results 61-80 of 446.     Calculating the Malliavin derivative of some stochastic mechanics problemsHauseux, Paul ; Hale, Jack ; Bordas, Stéphane in PLoS ONE (2017), 12(12), 0189994The Malliavin calculus is an extension of the classical calculus of variations from deterministic functions to stochastic processes. In this paper we aim to show in a practical and didactic way how to ... [more ▼]The Malliavin calculus is an extension of the classical calculus of variations from deterministic functions to stochastic processes. In this paper we aim to show in a practical and didactic way how to calculate the Malliavin derivative, the derivative of the expectation of a quantity of interest of a model with respect to its underlying stochastic parameters, for four problems found in mechanics. The non-intrusive approach uses the Malliavin Weight Sampling (MWS) method in conjunction with a standard Monte Carlo method. The models are expressed as ODEs or PDEs and discretised using the finite difference or finite element methods. Specifically, we consider stochastic extensions of; a 1D Kelvin-Voigt viscoelastic model discretised with finite differences, a 1D linear elastic bar, a hyperelastic bar undergoing buckling, and incompressible Navier-Stokes flow around a cylinder, all discretised with finite elements. A further contribution of this paper is an extension of the MWS method to the more difficult case of non-Gaussian random variables and the calculation of second-order derivatives. We provide open-source code for the numerical examples in this paper. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 217 (26 UL) Micro-structured materials: inhomogeneities and imperfect interfaces in plane micropolar elasticity, a boundary element approachAtroshchenko, Elena; Hale, Jack ; Videla, Javier A. et alin Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements (2017), 83In this paper we tackle the simulation of microstructured materials modelled as heterogeneous Cosserat media with both perfect and imperfect interfaces. We formulate a boundary value problem for an ... [more ▼]In this paper we tackle the simulation of microstructured materials modelled as heterogeneous Cosserat media with both perfect and imperfect interfaces. We formulate a boundary value problem for an inclusion of one plane strain micropolar phase into another micropolar phase and reduce the problem to a system of boundary integral equations, which is subsequently solved by the boundary element method. The inclusion interface condition is assumed to be imperfect, which permits jumps in both displacements/microrotations and tractions/couple tractions, as well as a linear dependence of jumps in displacements/microrotations on continuous across the interface tractions/couple traction (model known in elasticity as homogeneously imperfect interface). These features can be directly incorporated into the boundary element formulation. The BEM-results for a circular inclusion in an in finite plate are shown to be in excellent agreement with the analytical solutions. The BEM-results for inclusions in finite plates are compared with the FEM-results obtained with FEniCS. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 198 (14 UL) Uncertainty Quantification (Monte Carlo methods) - Sensitivity Analysis - BiomechanicsHauseux, Paul ; Hale, Jack ; Bordas, Stéphane Presentation (2017, September)Detailed reference viewed: 80 (2 UL) Isogeometric analysis of thin Reissner-Mindlin plates and shells: Locking phenomena and generalized local B-bar methodHu, Qingyuan ; Xia, Yang; Natarajan, Sundararajan et alE-print/Working paper (2017)We propose a generalized local $\bar{B}$ framework, addressing locking in degenerated Reissner-Mindlin plate and shell formulations in the context of isogeometric analysis. Parasitic strain components are ... [more ▼]We propose a generalized local $\bar{B}$ framework, addressing locking in degenerated Reissner-Mindlin plate and shell formulations in the context of isogeometric analysis. Parasitic strain components are projected onto the physical space locally, i.e. at the element level, using a least-squares approach. The formulation is general and allows the flexible utilization of basis functions of different order as the projection bases. The present formulation is much cheaper computationally than the global $\bar{B}$ method. Through numerical examples, we show the consistency of the scheme, although the method is not Hu-Washizu variationally consistent. The numerical examples show that the proposed formulation alleviates locking and yields good accuracy for various thicknesses, even for slenderness ratios of $1 \times 10^5$, and has the ability to capture deformations of thin shells using relatively coarse meshes. From the detailed numerical study, it can be opined that the proposed method is less sensitive to locking and mesh distortion. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 212 (15 UL) Bayesian inference to identify parameters in viscoelasticityRappel, Hussein ; Beex, Lars ; Bordas, Stéphane in Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials (2017)This contribution discusses Bayesian inference (BI) as an approach to identify parameters in viscoelasticity. The aims are: (i) to show that the prior has a substantial influence for viscoelasticity, (ii ... [more ▼]This contribution discusses Bayesian inference (BI) as an approach to identify parameters in viscoelasticity. The aims are: (i) to show that the prior has a substantial influence for viscoelasticity, (ii) to show that this influence decreases for an increasing number of measurements and (iii) to show how different types of experiments influence the identified parameters and their uncertainties. The standard linear solid model is the material description of interest and a relaxation test, a constant strain-rate test and a creep test are the tensile experiments focused on. The experimental data are artificially created, allowing us to make a one-to-one comparison between the input parameters and the identified parameter values. Besides dealing with the aforementioned issues, we believe that this contribution forms a comprehensible start for those interested in applying BI in viscoelasticity. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 438 (165 UL) Discretisation and Model Selection for Interface Problems in MechanicsBordas, Stéphane in International Journal of Computational Methods (2017, August 04)Detailed reference viewed: 79 (7 UL) Real-time Error Control for Surgical Simulation: Application to Percutaneous InterventionsBui, Huu Phuoc ; Tomar, Satyendra ; Courtecuisse, Hadrien et alPresentation (2017, August)Detailed reference viewed: 77 (10 UL) Experimental and numerical assessment of the mechanics of keloid-skin composites undergoing large deformationsSensale, Marco ; Chambert, Jerome; Chouly, Franz et alScientific Conference (2017, August)Detailed reference viewed: 90 (9 UL) Error-controlled computational fracture mechanicsBordas, Stéphane Scientific Conference (2017, July 12)Detailed reference viewed: 347 (32 UL) Advances in enriched finite element formulations for fracture and cutting: engineering and surgical simulation applicationsBordas, Stéphane Scientific Conference (2017, June 21)Detailed reference viewed: 611 (20 UL) Towards a seamless Integration of CAD and Simulation: CISM Course 2017Bordas, Stéphane Learning material (2017)Isogeometric analysis relies on the use of the same basis functions as employed in Computer Aided Design (CAD). This offers the possibility to facilitate design and optimisation. The previous course ... [more ▼]Isogeometric analysis relies on the use of the same basis functions as employed in Computer Aided Design (CAD). This offers the possibility to facilitate design and optimisation. The previous course “Isogeometric methods for numerical simulation” held in 2013 had the aim to give an introduction to isogeometric analysis, its advantages, drawbacks and to the range of its applications. The aim of the proposed new course will be different. The focus will be more on the connection of simulation to CAD systems and how CAD data can be used directly for simulation, leading to a seamless integration. An overview of recent advances and applications will be also presented. The course will start with an introduction to NURBS and their use in describing geometry and in simulation. This will be followed by lectures from a CAD vendor describing the current state of development. Currently available connections to simulation software will also be discussed. Next the use of NURBS for 3D structural analysis, structural optimisation and damage tolerance assessment will be presented, including such advanced topics as the treatment of discontinuities and real-time solvers. It will also be discussed when it might be advantageous to decouple the boundary discretisation from the field variable discretisation, in particular in shape optimisation. Isogeometric methods for the analysis of beam and shell structures, including shape optimisation and fluid structure interaction, will be presented. Lectures on the mathematical and algorithmic foundations of analysis-suitable geometry will follow. This includes an introduction to T-splines and multilevel spline schemes such as hierarchical B- splines. Common analysis-suitable spline algorithms will be presented in the context of Bézier extraction and projection as well as its application as a foundation for integrated engineering design and analysis. An important aspect of analysis-suitable geometry is the ability to locally adapt the smooth spline basis. Several common refinement algorithms will be reviewed as well as their application in several demanding areas of application. The emerging area of weak geometry will be introduced as well as its application to the rapid construction of complex structural assemblies. With the rapid development of isogeometric analysis in recent years, there is an urgent need for volumetric parameterization such as volumetric T-spline model construction. Several volumetric T- spline modeling techniques, that were developed in recent years will be presented. They include converting any quad/ hex meshes to standard and rational T-splines, polycube-based parametric mapping, feature preservation using eigenfunctions, Boolean operations and skeletons, truncated hierarchical Catmull-Clark subdivision, weighted T-splines, conformal T-spline modeling, as well as incorporating T-splines into commercial CAD and FEA software, will be presented. The target audience will be engineers, interested in simulation, software developers and researchers. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 773 (17 UL) Three-dimensional remeshed smoothed particle hydrodynamics for the simulation of isotropic turbulenceObeidat, Anas ; Bordas, Stéphane in International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids (2017)We present a remeshed particle-mesh method for the simulation of three-dimensional compressible turbulent flow. The method is related to the mesh free smoothed particle hydrodynamic (SPH) method, but the ... [more ▼]We present a remeshed particle-mesh method for the simulation of three-dimensional compressible turbulent flow. The method is related to the mesh free smoothed particle hydrodynamic (SPH) method, but the present method introduces a mesh for efficient calculation of the pressure gradient, and laminar and turbulent diffusion. In addition, the mesh is used to remesh (reorganise uniformly) the particles to ensure a regular particle distribution and convergence of the method. The accuracy of the presented methodology is tested for a number of benchmark problems involving two- and three-dimensional Taylor-Green flow, thin double shear layer, and three-dimensional isotropic turbulence. Two models were implemented, direct numerical simulations, and Smagorinsky model. Taking advantage of the Lagrangian advection, and the finite difference efficiency, the method is capable of providing quality simulations while maintaining its robustness and versatility [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 112 (10 UL) High Frequency Acoustic Scattering in Isogeometric AnalysisKhajah, Tahsin; Antoine, Xavier; Bordas, Stéphane Scientific Conference (2017, May 15)There is an emerging need to perform high frequency scattering analysis on high-fidelity models. Conventional Finite Element analysis suffers from irretrievable loss of the boundary accuracy as well as ... [more ▼]There is an emerging need to perform high frequency scattering analysis on high-fidelity models. Conventional Finite Element analysis suffers from irretrievable loss of the boundary accuracy as well as pollution error. Man-made geometries can be represented exactly in Isogeometric Analysis (IGA) with no geometrical loss even with very coarse mesh. The aim of this paper is to analyze the accuracy of IGA for exterior acoustic scattering problems. The numerical results show extremely low pollution error even for very high frequencies. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 291 (7 UL) Accelerating Monte Carlo estimation with derivatives of high-level finite element modelsHauseux, Paul ; Hale, Jack ; Bordas, Stéphane in Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics & Engineering (2017), 318In this paper we demonstrate the ability of a derivative-driven Monte Carlo estimator to accelerate the propagation of uncertainty through two high-level non-linear finite element models. The use of ... [more ▼]In this paper we demonstrate the ability of a derivative-driven Monte Carlo estimator to accelerate the propagation of uncertainty through two high-level non-linear finite element models. The use of derivative information amounts to a correction to the standard Monte Carlo estimation procedure that reduces the variance under certain conditions. We express the finite element models in variational form using the high-level Unified Form Language (UFL). We derive the tangent linear model automatically from this high-level description and use it to efficiently calculate the required derivative information. To study the effectiveness of the derivative-driven method we consider two stochastic PDEs; a one- dimensional Burgers equation with stochastic viscosity and a three-dimensional geometrically non-linear Mooney-Rivlin hyperelastic equation with stochastic density and volumetric material parameter. Our results show that for these problems the first-order derivative-driven Monte Carlo method is around one order of magnitude faster than the standard Monte Carlo method and at the cost of only one extra tangent linear solution per estimation problem. We find similar trends when comparing with a modern non-intrusive multi-level polynomial chaos expansion method. We parallelise the task of the repeated forward model evaluations across a cluster using the ipyparallel and mpi4py software tools. A complete working example showing the solution of the stochastic viscous Burgers equation is included as supplementary material. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 1383 (222 UL) Three-dimensional remeshed smoothed particle hydrodynamics for the simulation of isotropic turbulenceObeidat, Anas ; Bordas, Stéphane in INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS (2017)We present a remeshed particle-mesh method for the simulation of three-dimensional compressible turbulent flow. The method is related to the mesh free smoothed particle hydrodynamic (SPH) method, but the ... [more ▼]We present a remeshed particle-mesh method for the simulation of three-dimensional compressible turbulent flow. The method is related to the mesh free smoothed particle hydrodynamic (SPH) method, but the present method introduces a mesh for efficient calculation of the pressure gradient, and laminar and turbulent diffusion. In addition, the mesh is used to remesh (reorganise uniformly) the particles to ensure a regular particle distribution and convergence of the method. The accuracy of the presented methodology is tested for a number of benchmark problems involving two- and three-dimensional Taylor-Green flow, thin double shear layer, and three-dimensional isotropic turbulence. Two models were implemented, direct numerical simulations, and Smagorinsky model. Taking advantage of the Lagrangian advection, and the finite difference efficiency, the method is capable of providing quality simulations while maintaining its robustness and versatility [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 253 (31 UL) Modelling hydraulic fractures in porous media using flow cohesive interface elementsNguyen, Vinh Phu; Lian, Haojie; Rabczuk, Timon et alin Engineering Geology (2017), 225Detailed reference viewed: 95 (2 UL) Strain smoothed for compressible and nearly-incompressible finite elasticityLee, Chang-Kye; Mihai, L. Angela; Hale, Jack et alin Computers & Structures (2017), 182We present a robust and efficient form of the smoothed finite element method (S-FEM) to simulate hyperelastic bodies with compressible and nearly-incompressible neo-Hookean behaviour. The resulting method ... [more ▼]We present a robust and efficient form of the smoothed finite element method (S-FEM) to simulate hyperelastic bodies with compressible and nearly-incompressible neo-Hookean behaviour. The resulting method is stable, free from volumetric locking and robust on highly distorted meshes. To ensure inf-sup stability of our method we add a cubic bubble function to each element. The weak form for the smoothed hyperelastic problem is derived analogously to that of smoothed linear elastic problem. Smoothed strains and smoothed deformation gradients are evaluated on sub-domains selected by either edge information (edge-based S-FEM, ES-FEM) or nodal information (node-based S-FEM, NS-FEM). Numerical examples are shown that demonstrate the efficiency and reliability of the proposed approach in the nearly-incompressible limit and on highly distorted meshes. We conclude that, strain smoothing is at least as accurate and stable, as the MINI element, for an equivalent problem size. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 242 (28 UL) What makes Data Science different? A discussion involving Statistics2.0 and Computational SciencesLey, Christophe; Bordas, Stéphane E-print/Working paper (2017)Data Science is today one of the main buzzwords be it in business, industrial or academic settings. Machine learning, experimental design, data-driven modelling are all, undoubtedly, rising disciplines if ... [more ▼]Data Science is today one of the main buzzwords be it in business, industrial or academic settings. Machine learning, experimental design, data-driven modelling are all, undoubtedly, rising disciplines if one goes by the soaring number of research papers and patents appearing each year. The prospect of becoming a Data Scientist'' appeals to many. A discussion panel organised as part of the European Data Science Conference (European Association for Data Science (EuADS)) asked the question: What makes Data Science different?'' In this paper we give our own, personal and multi-facetted view on this question, from an engineering and a statistics perspective. In particular, we compare Data Science to Statistics and discuss the connection between Data Science and Computational Science. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 712 (35 UL) Reduced basis Nitsche-based domain decomposition: a biomedical applicationBaroli, Davide ; Beex, Lars ; Hale, Jack et alScientific Conference (2017, March 10)Nowadays, the personalized biomedical simulations demand real-time efficient and reliable method to alleviate the computational complexity of high-fidelity simulation. In such applications, the necessity ... [more ▼]Nowadays, the personalized biomedical simulations demand real-time efficient and reliable method to alleviate the computational complexity of high-fidelity simulation. In such applications, the necessity of solving different substructure, e.g. tissues or organs, with different numbers of the degrees of freedom and of coupling the reduced order spaces for each substructure poses a challenge in the on-fly simulation. In this talk, this challenge is taken into account employing the Nitsche-based domain decomposition technique inside the reduced order model [1]. This technique with respect to other domain decomposition approach allows obtaining a solution with the same accuracy of underlying finite element formulation and to flexibly treat interface with non-matching mesh. The robustness of the coupling is determined by the penalty coefficients that is chosen using ghost penalty technique [2]. Furthermore, to reduce the computational complexity of the on-fly assembling it is employed the empirical interpolation approach proposed in [3]. The numerical tests, performed using FEniCS[4], petsc4py and slepc4py [5], shows the good performance of the method and the reduction of computation cost. [1] Baroli, D., Beex L. and Bordas, S. Reduced basis Nitsche-based domain decomposition. In preparation. [2] Burman, E., Claus, S., Hansbo, P., Larson, M. G., & Massing, A. (2015). CutFEM: Discretizing geometry and partial differential equations. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 104(7), 472-501. [3] E. Schenone, E., Beex,L., Hale, J.S., Bordas S. Proper Orthogonal Decomposition with reduced integration method. Application to nonlinear problems. In preparation. [4] A. Logg, K.-A. Mardal, G. N. Wells et al. Automated Solution of Differential Equations by the Finite Element Method, Springer 2012. [5] L. Dalcin, P. Kler, R. Paz, and A. Cosimo, Parallel Distributed Computing using Python, Advances in Water Resources, 34(9):1124-1139, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2011.04.013 [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 243 (10 UL) Real-time Error Control for Surgical SimulationBui, Huu Phuoc ; Tomar, Satyendra ; Bordas, Stéphane E-print/Working paper (2017)Real-time simulations are becoming increasingly common for various applications, from geometric design to medical simulation. Two of the main factors concurrently involved in defining the accuracy of ... [more ▼]Real-time simulations are becoming increasingly common for various applications, from geometric design to medical simulation. Two of the main factors concurrently involved in defining the accuracy of surgical simulations are: the modeling error and the discretization error. Most work in the area has been looking at the above sources of error as a compounded, lumped, overall error. Little or no work has been done to discriminate between modeling error (e.g. needle-tissue interaction, choice of constitutive models) and discretization error (use of approximation methods like FEM). However, it is impossible to validate the complete surgical simulation approach and, more importantly, to understand the sources of error, without evaluating both the discretization error and the modeling error. Our objective is thus to devise a robust and fast approach to measure the discretization error via a posteriori error estimates, which are then used for local remeshing in surgical simulations. To ensure that the approach can be used in clinical practice, the method should be robust enough to deal, as realistically as possible, with the interaction of surgical tools with the organ, and fast enough for real-time simulations. The approach should also lead to an improved convergence so that an economical mesh is obtained at each time step. The final goal is to achieve optimal convergence and the most economical mesh, which will be studied in our future work. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 366 (26 UL)