Glossary

Additional Materials
ORBi^lu uses the term “additional materials” to mean any document linked to the publication and that adds value to it. It could be an interview, technical data or documents that are generally unpublished, due, say, to their size or their particular character. Examples include statistical files, interviews or medical protocols.
These documents are not given their own bibliographical description.
Author's postprint
The “author’s postprint” is the version of a document as published, after peer-review, but without the publisher’s pagination
See also: "Publisher's postprint" and "Author's preprint".
Author’s preprint
The “author’s preprint” is the version of a published document as submitted by the author to the publisher before acceptance by the publisher and any peer review.
See also: "Author's postprint" and "Publisher's postprint".
Creative Commons
Creative Commons licences are model contracts in which the authors determine the rights attached to the work they have created. Six contracts are possible, combining four basic elements, being: attribution, modification, commercial use and reuse under the same conditions as the original contract. They can apply to all types of works or a collection of works.
See : http://creativecommons.org

See also :
- Creative Commons - Luxembourg
- Science Commons (special procedures for science)
CrossRef
This association of scientific publishers offers a system of interconnection between publishers’ sites based on article identifiers (DOI).
See : http://www.crossref.org/
Depositor
The depositor is any person who deposits bibliographical references or files in ORBi^lu. They may be the author (or co-author) of a publication or his/her proxy.
Derivative Works
“Derivative works” are works that bear the imprint of the author’s personality and are based on already existing works. Audio-visual adaptations of books, translations, book sequels are examples of derivative works.
DOI - Digital Object Identifier
The DOI is the unique electronic identifier for an article. It is comparable to a URL link, which leads directly to the article in question on the publisher’s web site. CrossRef is the official registration agency for DOIs for scientific publications.
Dublin Core simple
Dublin Core simple (or simplified) is a collection of 15 descriptive elements for a resource comprising a set of metadata. It is used to enter the essential references of a document (title, author, etc.). The collection was created in 1995 and is described in the DCMI recommendation.
See : http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/
Dublin Core qualified
Dublin Core qualified is a collection of metadata bringing together the 15 elements of Dublin Core simple with other elements which supplements and clarifies them. Notably, they include two types of “qualifiers”: element refinement and encoding schemes.
Embargo
This is the period of restriction imposed by a publisher during which the full text of documents may not be consulted under open access.
E-print/Working paper
Scientific or technical working document available in electronic format and not published according to the traditional commercial circuit. It may not therefore have been subject to a “standard” peer review. It generally appears on the personal web sites of authors or is linked to an institution. Concerns working documents often subject to change and which regularly offer a supplementary value even after publication because they may contain more informational elements, or a more elaborately developed argument on the part of the author.
Handle
A “handle” is a persistent identifier. When a document is added to ORBi^lu, it is assigned a permanent URL. That means that, contrary to most URLs, the identifier will not be modified if the system migrates to a new computer or if adjustments are made to the system. The identifier’s integrity is preserved so that it refers to the document, in a secure fashion, when it is cited in other publications or communications. These permanent URLs are recorded in the Handle system, administered by the Corporation for National Research Initiatives (CNRI) which fosters, protects and promotes research in the public interest.
Source : Papyrus Help
Harvester OA
A harvester is a program that collects metadata from one or more open archives or OAI stores (databases supporting the OAI-PMH protocol).
For example:
- General tools : Oaister, Google Scholar
- Thematic tools : ArXiv, Cogprints
Impact factor or IF
For a given year, it represents the ratio between the number of citations and the number of articles published by a journal over a two-year reference period. It therefore measures the average frequency with which that journal’s entire articles are cited over a given period. It is a retrospective indication of relatively short-term impact. It is produced by the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) and distributed by the Journal Citation Reports (JCR).
The impact factor is one of the best known and most used indicators. It is nevertheless subject to serious criticism and new indicators are in the process of being developed.
See : Durand-Barthez, Manuel (2006). Citations et Facteurs d'impact : quel avenir pour l'évaluation ? [En ligne]

UL access via the findit.lu portal.
Metadata
Metadata are data describing an element. Take a book, for instance: the metadata include the title, the name of the author, the name of the publisher and the year of publication. They can be descriptive, technical, administrative, legal, etc.
See : Dossier on the Educnet metadata
METS - Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard
METS is a standard maintained by the US Library of Congress. It is an XML vocabulary that allows a variety of metadata to be organised relating to a complex digital object (digital revues, web sites, etc.).
See : METS official website
OAI - Open Archives Initiative
"The Open Archives Initiative (OAI) is a protocol for collecting metadata about data files residing in separate archives. When the protocol is used by data services like search engines, they can process the data in separate archives as if they resided in just one archive. (In the technical jargon, the metadata harvesting protocol supports interoperability.)" (Source : FAQ - Budapest Open Access Initiative).
See : http://www.openarchives.org.
OCR - Optical Character Recognition
Technology enabling a software program to analyse a file in image format (typically PDF) and recognise in it alphanumerical characters. The result can be utilised by a word-processing program, such as Word.
OpenDOAR - Directory of Open Access Repositories
This directory offers a list of institutional and/or disciplinary archives and allows them to be categorised by type, content, etc.
See : http://www.opendoar.org
PDF - Portable Document Format
Portable Document Format (usually abbreviated to PDF) is an IT file format created by Adobe Systems.
The format is very commonly used internationally and offers a number of advantages: it preserves formatting (fonts, graphic items, etc.) of files in various formats (.doc, .xls, .opt, etc.), offers an extended conservation period longer than that of other formats and legibility by all operating systems (Microsoft, Linux, Mac) equipped with a free “Adobe Reader”.
This format is currently recommended in ORBi^lu.
See : http://www.adobe.com/products/reader.html.
Peer review
“Peer review” is the process of validating a publication (generally an article) by a committee made up of scientists from the same disciplinary field as is covered by the publication in order to ensure its scientific quality. Periodicals (paper or electronic) that use this system of control and verification of their publications are called “peer reviewed”. The terms peer revision, scientific evaluation, scientific validation and validation of content by a committee of experts are also used.
Proxy
A proxy is a person tasked by an author to carry out the depositing procedures on his/her behalf.
See the procedure for appointing a proxy in the User Guide.
Publisher's postprint
The “publisher’s postprint” is the version of a publication with the publisher’s pagination and layout.
See also: "Author's postprint" and "Author's preprint".
Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH)
The OAI-PMH protocol is a protocol for exchanging metadata defined by the OAI, the aim of which is to allow archive interoperability. It is based on Dublin Core metadata, XML format and the http protocol.
See: http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/openarchivesprotocol.html
ROAR - Registry of Open Access Repositories
A registry of institutional archives which permits searching by country, type of platform, type of content, etc.
It also lists the policy choices of institutions in relation to Open Access and self-archiving throughout the world (recommended by Berlin 3).
See: http://roarmap.eprints.org/
RSS - Real Simple Syndication ou Syndication de contenu ou Rich Site Summary
An RSS link or feed is an XML file updated in real time. It automatically comprises either the titles or the full text of a news or blog site. The RSS flow can then be included and posted in the form of clickable links on a third-party web page or by a specialist program called an RSS reader.
Self-archiving
Self-archiving is where researchers themselves deposit their own articles in open archives (prior to or post-publication).
Source : Inist Glossary (in French)