Möglichkeiten und Grenzen generischer Ansätze als Beitrag zur Steigerung der Robustheit von Produktentwicklungsprojekten

in Proceedings of 18th Symposium Design for X (2007)

Zur Darstellung des theoretischen Rahmens dieser Arbeit werden ein Modell zur Visualisierung der Vernetzung von Einflussfaktoren auf den Projekterfolg aus den Domänen Projekt-Management, Produkt und ... [more ▼]

Zur Darstellung des theoretischen Rahmens dieser Arbeit werden ein Modell zur Visualisierung der Vernetzung von Einflussfaktoren auf den Projekterfolg aus den Domänen Projekt-Management, Produkt und Stakeholder und ein Verbesserungsprozess zur Steigerung der Robustheit von Produktentwicklungsprojekten vorgestellt. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden die Grenzen aber auch die Möglichkeiten generischer Lösungsansätze diskutiert. Anhand einer Fallstudie wird untersucht welche Barrieren die Durchführung des Verbesserungsprozesses und somit auch die Anwendung der Lösungsansätze in der Praxis erschweren. Die Analysen zeigen, dass die Kenntnis der Ursachen von Problemen, die zu Planungsabweichungen in Produktenwicklungsprojekten führen, und eine entsprechende Anpassung der Handlungsempfehlungen Voraussetzungen zur Implementierung daraus abgeleiteter Maßnahmen sind. Die domänenübergreifende Betrachtung möglicher Einflussfaktoren gemäß dem Konzept der Robustheit führt während der Ursachenanalyse zu einem fundierten Verständnis der Problemlage und ermöglicht eine bessere Anpassung der Lösungsansätze. Aus den theoretischen Vorüberlegungen und den Ergebnissen der Fallstudie werden Anforderungen an die Weiterentwicklung des Ansatzes zur Steigerung der Robustheit von Produktentwicklungsprojekten abgeleitet, der die Anwender unterstützen soll, den Transfer empirischer Erkenntnisse und Handlungsempfehlungen auf individuelle Problemstellungen zu vollziehen. [less ▲]

Monolithic modeling and finite element analysis of piezoelectric energy harvesters

in Acta Mechanica (2017), 228(6), 2251-2267

This paper is devoted to monolithic modeling of piezoelectric energy harvesting devices. From a modeling perspective, piezoelectric energy harvesting is a strongly coupled phenomenon with two-way coupling ... [more ▼]

This paper is devoted to monolithic modeling of piezoelectric energy harvesting devices. From a modeling perspective, piezoelectric energy harvesting is a strongly coupled phenomenon with two-way coupling between the electromechanical effect of the piezoelectric material and the harvesting circuit. Even in applications related to shunt damping, where the attached electrical circuit is passive, accurate modeling of the strong coupling is crucial for proper evaluation of the relevant parameters. The article proposes a monolithic mixed-hybrid finite element formulation for the predictive modeling and simulation of piezoelectric energy harvesting devices. The governing equations of the coupled electromechanical problem are converted into a single integral form with six independent unknown fields. Such a holistic approach provides consistent solution to the coupled field equations which involve structural dynamics, electromechanical effect of the piezoelectric patches and the dynamics of the attached harvesting circuit. This allows accurate computation of the eigenvalues and corresponding mode shapes of a harvester for any finite resistive load coupled to the harvester. The fully three-dimensional mixed-hybrid formulation is capable of analyzing structures with non-uniform geometry and varying material properties. The results of the finite element model are verified against the analytical results of a bimorph harvester with tip mass reported in the literature. [less ▲]

Monostability and multistability of genetic regulatory networks with different types of regulation functions

in Nonlinear Analysis: Real World Applications (2010), 11(4), 31703185

Monostability and multistability are proven to be two important topics in synthesis biology and system biology. In this paper, both monostability and multistability are analyzed in a unified framework by ... [more ▼]

Monostability and multistability are proven to be two important topics in synthesis biology and system biology. In this paper, both monostability and multistability are analyzed in a unified framework by applying control theory and mathematical tools. The genetic regulatory networks (GRNs) with multiple time-varying delays and different types of regulation functions are considered. By putting forward a general sector-like regulation function and utilizing up-to-date techniques, a novel Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional is introduced for achieving delay dependence to ensure less conservatism. A new condition is then proposed for the general stability of a GRN in the form of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) that are dependent on the upper and lower bounds of the delays. Our general stability conditions are applicable to several frequently used regulation functions. It is shown that the existing results for monostability of GRNs are special cases of our main results. Five examples are employed to illustrate the applicability and usefulness of the developed theoretical results. [less ▲]

MULTI-GNSS ERROR CHARACTERISTICS AND BENEFITS TO LONG-TERM MONITORING APPLICATIONS IN GEOSCIENCES

Doctoral thesis (2018)

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)-derived position solutions are used for crustal deformations for long-term monitoring studies such as correcting sea-level records for vertical land movements and ... [more ▼]

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)-derived position solutions are used for crustal deformations for long-term monitoring studies such as correcting sea-level records for vertical land movements and to determine present-day surface-mass changes. In all these studies scientists rely heavily on precise International GNSS Service (IGS) products. In recent years the IGS products have partly been generated from a rigorous combination of GNSS, such as Global Positioning System (GPS) and Globalnaya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema (GLONASS) observations. Although combined solutions from two or more GNSS benefit from the diversity and redundancy of having more than one GNSS, the solutions are also subjected to system-specific systematic errors. Applications which demand high-accuracy products, therefore, would profit from evaluations of the benefits and error characteristics of combined GNSS solutions. In response to the increased availability of multi-GNSS observations from a truly global ground network of receivers, the goal of this thesis is to investigate their overall impacts on the derived products. Primarily, the impacts of combined GNSS data processing for stations in a constrained environment with a potential for signal obstructions, is investigated. The effects of signal obstructions on derived parameter time series and station velocity estimates are assessed. The benefits of combined solutions are evaluated for stations in constrained environments. Moreover, the study of the impacts of combined solutions on satellite orbits and station parameters contributes to the understanding of the error characteristics of combined GNSS data processing on derived products. The consistency of the parameters, noise analysis and system-specific periodic errors are assessed. Dominant system specific periodic errors and the impact of combined solutions on reducing the effects are addressed. Unmodelled or insufficiently modelled (sub-)daily errors propagate to longer periods and appear in high-end products coinciding with other longer periods, which in turn may lead to misleading interpretations of the latter. The propagation mechanism mainly depends, among other factors, on data sampling deficiencies and GNSS ground repeat periods. Here, the results of this study show that combined solutions not only reduce system-specific effects but also provide a means to identifying the sources from other compatible elements. [less ▲]

Multi-scale methods for fracture: model learning across scales, digital twinning and factors of safety

Scientific Conference (2015, November 18)

Authors: S. P. A. Bordas, L. A. A. Beex, P. Kerfriden, D. A. Paladim, O. Goury, A. Akbari, H. Rappel  Multi-scale methods for fracture: model learning across scales, digital twinning and factors of safety ... [more ▼]

Authors: S. P. A. Bordas, L. A. A. Beex, P. Kerfriden, D. A. Paladim, O. Goury, A. Akbari, H. Rappel  Multi-scale methods for fracture: model learning across scales, digital twinning and factors of safety Fracture and material instabilities originate at spatial scales much smaller than that of the structure of interest: delamination, debonding, fibre breakage, cell-wall buckling, are examples of nano/micro or meso-scale mechanisms which can lead to global failure of the material and structure. Such mechanisms cannot, for computational and practical reasons, be accounted at structural scale, so that acceleration methods are necessary.  We review in this presentation recently proposed approaches to reduce the computational expense associated with multi-scale modelling of fracture. In light of two particular examples, we show connections between algebraic reduction (model order reduction and quasi-continuum methods) and homogenisation-based reduction. We open the discussion towards suitable approaches for machine-learning and Bayesian statistical based multi-scale model selection. Such approaches could fuel a digital-twin concept enabling models to learn from real-time data acquired during the life of the structure, accounting for “real” environmental conditions during predictions, and, eventually, moving beyond the “factors of safety” era. [less ▲]

Multi-scale modelling of fracture

Speeches/Talks (2016)

We present recent models on complexity reduction for computational fracture mechanics

A Multilayer Software Architecture for Safe Autonomous Robots

in Proceedings of 19th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, Barcelona, Spain, 16-19 Sept. 2014 (2014, September)

In this paper a safety-oriented model based software architecture for robotic solutions is proposed. The main focus herein is to consider aspects such as real-time, het- erogeneity, deployment, modeling ... [more ▼]

In this paper a safety-oriented model based software architecture for robotic solutions is proposed. The main focus herein is to consider aspects such as real-time, het- erogeneity, deployment, modeling and analysis of emerging effects as well as functional safety and to combine all aspects into an overall development approach. The architecture shall capture the complexity caused by the autonomy and mobility of the robot and support the developer with a suitable chain of evidence especially suited for the safety relevant functions. A use case comprising a lightweight robotic manipulator which will be integrated in a mobile service robot underlines the feasibility of this approach. [less ▲]

Multiphysics applications and computational challenges

Scientific Conference (2017, January 24)

Multiscale Integration of High-Resolution Spaceborne and Drone-Based Imagery for a High-Accuracy Digital Elevation Model Over Tristan da Cunha

in Frontiers in Earth Science (2020)

Very high-resolution (VHR) optical Earth observation (EO) satellites as well as low-altitude and easy-to-use unmanned aerial systems (UAS/drones) provide ever-improving data sources for the generation of ... [more ▼]

Very high-resolution (VHR) optical Earth observation (EO) satellites as well as low-altitude and easy-to-use unmanned aerial systems (UAS/drones) provide ever-improving data sources for the generation of detailed 3-dimensional (3D) data using digital photogrammetric methods with dense image matching. Today both data sources represent cost-effective alternatives to dedicated airborne sensors, especially for remote regions. The latest generation of EO satellites can collect VHR imagery up to 0.30 m ground sample distance (GSD) of even the most remote location from different viewing angles many times per year. Consequently, well-chosen scenes from growing image archives enable the generation of high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs). Furthermore, low-cost and easy to use drones can be quickly deployed in remote regions to capture blocks of images of local areas. Dense point clouds derived from these methods provide an invaluable data source to fill the gap between globally available low-resolution DEMs and highly accurate terrestrial surveys. Here we investigate the use of archived VHR satellite imagery with approx. 0.5 m GSD as well as low-altitude drone-based imagery with average GSD of better than 0.03 m to generate high-quality DEMs using photogrammetric tools over Tristan da Cunha, a remote island in the South Atlantic Ocean which lies beyond the reach of current commercial manned airborne mapping platforms. This study explores the potentials and limitations to combine this heterogeneous data sources to generate improved DEMs in terms of accuracy and resolution. A cross-validation between low-altitude airborne and spaceborne data sets describes the fit between both optical data sets. No co-registration error, scale difference or distortions were detected, and a quantitative cloud-to-cloud comparison showed an average distance of 0.26 m between both point clouds. Both point clouds were merged applying a conventional georeferenced approach. The merged DEM preserves the rich detail from the drone-based survey and provides an accurate 3D representation of the entire study area. It provides the most detailed model of the island to date, suitable to support practical and scientific applications. This study demonstrates that combination archived VHR satellite and low-altitude drone-based imagery provide inexpensive alternatives to generate high-quality DEMs. [less ▲]

A multiscale partitioned reduced order model applied to damage simulation

Scientific Conference (2013, July)

Simulating fracture in realistic engineering components is computationally expensive. In the context of early-stage design, or reverse engineering, such simulations might need to be performed for a large ... [more ▼]

Simulating fracture in realistic engineering components is computationally expensive. In the context of early-stage design, or reverse engineering, such simulations might need to be performed for a large range of material and geometric parameters, which makes the solution to the parametric problem of fracture unaffordable. Model order reduction, such as the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD), is one way to reduce significantly the computational time by reducing the number of spatial unknowns. The solution is searched for in a reduced space spanned by a few well-chosen basis vectors only. In the context of solid mechanics involving structural softening, the strong topological changes in the zone where damage localises are extremely sensitive to variations of the parameters, which requires reduced spaces of prohibitively large dimensions in order to approximate the solution with a sufficiently high degree of accuracy. Introduced in [1], partitioned model order reduction is an alternative to global model order reduction that essentially divides up the problem into smaller regions. Each region can then be tackled using a reduced model of appropriate size, if at all, depending on the local material non-linearities in the region. In the context of multiscale homogenization, simulations of representative volume elements (RVE) have to be performed to obtain the material properties in the different elements of a coarse mesh. When considering a nonlinear material, those multiple RVE simulations can be com- putationally very expensive. They however only differ by the history of boundary conditions applied. This contribution proposes to apply partitioned model order reduction to those RVEs with reduced bases parametrized by the boundary conditions. REFERENCES [1] P. Kerfriden, O. Goury, T. Rabczuk, S. Bordas, A partitioned model order reduction approach to rationalise computational expenses in nonlinear fracture mechanics, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 256:169–188, 2013. [less ▲]