Fundamental Solutions and Dual Boundary Element Method for Crack Problems in Plane Cosserat Elasticity

in Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences (2014)

In this paper, both singular and hypersingular fundamental solutions of plane Cosserat elasticity are derived and given in a ready-to-use form. The hypersingular fundamental solutions allow to formulate ... [more ▼]

In this paper, both singular and hypersingular fundamental solutions of plane Cosserat elasticity are derived and given in a ready-to-use form. The hypersingular fundamental solutions allow to formulate the analogue of Somigliana stress identity, which can be used to obtain the stress and couple stress fields inside the domain from the boundary values of the displacements, microrotation and stress and couple stress tractions. Using these newly derived fundamental solutions, the boundary integral equations of both types are formulated and solved by the boundary element method. Simultaneous use of both types of the equations (approach known as the dual BEM) allows to treat problems where parts of the boundary are overlapping, such as crack problems, and to do this for general geometry and loading conditions. The high accuracy of the boundary element method for both types of equations is demonstrated for a number of benchmark problems, including a Griffith crack problem and a plate with an edge crack. The detailed comparison of the BEM-results and the analytical solution for a Griffith crack is given, particularly, in terms of stress and couple stress intensity factors, as well as the crack opening displacements and microrotations on the crack faces. A modified method for computing the couple stress intensity factors is also proposed and evaluated. Finally, the asymptotic behavior of the solution to the Cosserat crack problems, in the vicinity of the crack tip is analyzed. [less ▲]

Fusing the Seth-Hill strain tensors to fit compressible elastic material responses in the nonlinear regime

in International Journal of Mechanical Sciences (2019), 163

Strain energy densities based on the Seth-Hill strain tensors are often used to describe the hyperelastic mechanical behaviours of isotropic, transversely isotropic and orthotropic materials for ... [more ▼]

Strain energy densities based on the Seth-Hill strain tensors are often used to describe the hyperelastic mechanical behaviours of isotropic, transversely isotropic and orthotropic materials for relatively large deformations. Since one parameter distinguishes which strain tensor of the Seth-Hill family is used, one has in theory the possibility to t the material response in the nonlinear regime. Most often for compressible deformations however, this parameter is selected such that the Hencky strain tensor is recovered, because it yields rather physical stress-strain responses. Hence, the response in the nonlinear regime is in practise not often tailored to match experimental data. To ensure that elastic responses in the nonlinear regime can more accurately be controlled, this contribution proposes three generalisations that combine several Seth-Hill strain tensors. The generalisations are formulated such that the stress-strain responses for in finitesimal deformations remain unchanged. Consequently, the identifi cation of the Young's moduli, Poisson's ratios and shear moduli is not a ffected. 3D fi nite element simulations are performed for isotropy and orthotropy, with an emphasis on the identifi cation of the new material parameters. [less ▲]

GA4GH Passport standard for digital identity and access permissions

in Cell Genomics (2021), 1(2),

Gamifying the Commute

Presentation (2014, November 14)

The seminar outlined the I-GEAR project which examines the use of gamification to reduce traffic congestion. Topics included user interfaces for gamified applications, requirements capture methodologies ... [more ▼]

The seminar outlined the I-GEAR project which examines the use of gamification to reduce traffic congestion. Topics included user interfaces for gamified applications, requirements capture methodologies and a sample gamified application. [less ▲]

Generalising from conventional pipelines using deep learning in high‑throughput screening workfows

in Scientific Reports (2022)

The study of complex diseases relies on large amounts of data to build models toward precision medicine. Such data acquisition is feasible in the context of high-throughput screening, in which the quality ... [more ▼]

The study of complex diseases relies on large amounts of data to build models toward precision medicine. Such data acquisition is feasible in the context of high-throughput screening, in which the quality of the results relies on the accuracy of the image analysis. Although state-of-the-art solutions for image segmentation employ deep learning approaches, the high cost of manually generating ground truth labels for model training hampers the day-to-day application in experimental laboratories. Alternatively, traditional computer vision-based solutions do not need expensive labels for their implementation. Our work combines both approaches by training a deep learning network using weak training labels automatically generated with conventional computer vision methods. Our network surpasses the conventional segmentation quality by generalising beyond noisy labels, providing a 25% increase of mean intersection over union, and simultaneously reducing the development and inference times. Our solution was embedded into an easy-to-use graphical user interface that allows researchers to assess the predictions and correct potential inaccuracies with minimal human input. To demonstrate the feasibility of training a deep learning solution on a large dataset of noisy labels automatically generated by a conventional pipeline, we compared our solution against the common approach of training a model from a small manually curated dataset by several experts. Our work suggests that humans perform better in context interpretation, such as error assessment, while computers outperform in pixel-by-pixel fne segmentation. Such pipelines are illustrated with a case study on image segmentation for autophagy events. This work aims for better translation of new technologies to real-world settings in microscopy-image analysis. [less ▲]

Generalized Information Theory based on the Theory of Hints

in Liu, Weiru (Ed.) Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches to Reasoning with Uncertainty (2011)

The aggregate uncertainty is the only known functional for Dempster-Shafer theory that generalizes the Shannon and Hartley mea- sures and satis?es all classical requirements for uncertainty measures ... [more ▼]

The aggregate uncertainty is the only known functional for Dempster-Shafer theory that generalizes the Shannon and Hartley mea- sures and satis?es all classical requirements for uncertainty measures, including subadditivity. Although being posed several times in the liter- ature, it is still an open problem whether the aggregate uncertainty is unique under these properties. This paper derives an uncertainty measure based on the theory of hints and shows its equivalence to the pignistic entropy. It does not satisfy subadditivity, but the viewpoint of hints un- covers a weaker version of subadditivity. On the other hand, the pignistic entropy has some crucial advantages over the aggregate uncertainty. i.e. explicitness of the formula and sensitivity to changes in evidence. We observe that neither of the two measures captures the full uncertainty of hints and propose an extension of the pignistic entropy called hints en- tropy that satis?es all axiomatic requirements, including subadditivity, while preserving the above advantages over the aggregate uncertainty. [less ▲]

Generalizing the isogeometric concept: weakening the tight coupling between geometry and simulation in IGA

Scientific Conference (2016, May 30)

In the standard paradigm of isogeometric analysis [2, 1], the geometry and the simulation spaces are tightly integrated, i.e. the non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS) space, which is used for the ... [more ▼]

In the standard paradigm of isogeometric analysis [2, 1], the geometry and the simulation spaces are tightly integrated, i.e. the non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS) space, which is used for the geometry representation of the domain, is also employed for the numerical solution of the problem over the domain. However, in certain situations, such as, when the geometry of the domain can be represented by low order NURBS but the numerical solution can be obtained with improved accuracy by using NURBS of order higher than that required for the geometry; or in the shape and topology optimization where the constraint of using the same space for the geometry and the numerical solution is not favorable, this tight coupling is disadvantageous. Therefore, we study the effect of decoupling the spaces for the geometry representation and the numerical solution, though still using the prevalent functions in CAD/CAGD. To begin with, we perform the patch tests on various combinations of polynomial degree, geometry type, and various cases of varying degrees and control variables between the geometry and the numerical solution. This shows that certain cases, perhaps intuitive, should be avoided in practice because patch test fails. The above-mentioned situations are further explored with some numerical examples, which shows that weakening the tight coupling between geometry and simulation offers more flexibility in choosing the numerical solution spaces. [less ▲]

Generating purpose-dependent production factors through Monte Carlo sampling techniques.

Scientific Conference (2017, May)

Generic Local Computation

Report (2011)

Many problems of artificial intelligence, or more generally, many problems of information processing, have a generic solution based on local computation on join trees or acyclic hypertrees. There are ... [more ▼]

Many problems of artificial intelligence, or more generally, many problems of information processing, have a generic solution based on local computation on join trees or acyclic hypertrees. There are several variants of this method all based on the algebraic structure of a valuation algebra. A strong requirement underlying this approach is that the elements of a problem decomposition form a join tree. Although it is always possible to construct covering join trees, if the requirement is originally not satisfied, it is not always possible or not efficient to extend the elements of the decomposition to the covering join tree. Therefore in this paper different variants of an axiomatic framework of valuation algebras are introduced which prove sufficient for local computation without the need of an extension of the factors of a decomposition. This framework covers the axiomatic system proposed by (Shenoy & Shafer, 1990). A particular emphasis is laid on the important special cases of idempotent algebras and algebras with some notion of division. It is shown that all well-known architectures for local computation like the Shenoy-Shafer architecture, Lauritzen-Spiegelhalter and HUGIN architectures may be adapted to this new framework. Further a new architecture for idempotent algebras is presented. As examples, in addition to the classical instances of valuation algebras, semiring induced valuation algebras, Gaussian potentials and the relational algebra are presented. [less ▲]

Genetic Algorithm based roadmapping: A method for product innovation

Doctoral thesis (2011)