Experimental validation of a newly designed 6 degrees of freedom scanning laser head: Application to three-dimensional beam structure

in Review of Scientific Instruments (2013), 84

A new scanning laser head is designed to use single Laser Doppler Vibrometer (LDV) for performing measurements up to 6 degrees of freedom (DOF) at a target. The scanning head is supported by a rotating ... [more ▼]

A new scanning laser head is designed to use single Laser Doppler Vibrometer (LDV) for performing measurements up to 6 degrees of freedom (DOF) at a target. The scanning head is supported by a rotating hollow shaft, which allows the laser beam to travel up to the scanning head from an opposite direction where an LDV is set up. The scanning head is made of a set of two mirrors, which deflects the laser beam with an angle so that the rotation of the scanning head produces a conical scan. When measurements are performed at the focal point of the conical scan then three translational vibration components can be measured, otherwise the very small circle scan, before and after the focal point, can measure up to 6 degrees of freedom, including three translations and three rotations. This paper presents the 6DOF scanning head and the measurements of 3D operational deflection shapes of a test structure. [less ▲]

Exploiting Resource Heterogeneity in DTN

in Wireless Communications & Mobile Computing (2012), 13(3), 230-243

Explorative analysis of potential MaaS customers: An agent-based scenario

in Transportation Research Procedia (2021)

Exploring the polycentric city with multi-worker households: An agent-based microeconomic model

in Computers, Environment and Urban Systems (2017), 62

We propose an agent-based dynamics which leads an urban system to the standard equilibrium of the Alonso, Muth, Mills (AMM) framework. Starting for instance from a random initialization, agents move and ... [more ▼]

We propose an agent-based dynamics which leads an urban system to the standard equilibrium of the Alonso, Muth, Mills (AMM) framework. Starting for instance from a random initialization, agents move and bid for land, performing a kind of local search and finally leading the system to equilibrium rent, density and land use. Agreement with continuous analytical results is limited only by the discreteness of simulations. We then study polycentrism in cities with this tool. Two job centers are introduced, and the economic, social and environmental outcomes of various polycentric spatial structures are presented. We also introduce two-worker households whose partners may work in different job centers. When various two-worker households are mixed, polycentrism is desirable, as long as the centers are not too distant from each other. The environmental outcome is also positive, but housing surfaces.increase. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. [less ▲]

An extended coordinate descent method for distributed anticipatory network traffic control

in Transportation Research. Part B : Methodological (2015), 80

Anticipatory optimal network control can be defined as the practice of determining the set of control actions that minimizes a network-wide objective function, so that the consequences of this action are ... [more ▼]

Anticipatory optimal network control can be defined as the practice of determining the set of control actions that minimizes a network-wide objective function, so that the consequences of this action are taken in consideration not only locally, on the propagation of flows, but globally, taking into account the user's routing behavior. Such an objective function is, in general, defined and optimized in a centralized setting, as knowledge regarding the whole network is needed in order to correctly compute it. This is a strong theoretical framework but, in practice, reaching a level of centralization sufficient to achieve said optimality is very challenging. Furthermore, even if centralization was possible, it would exhibit several shortcomings, with concerns such as computational speed (centralized optimization of a huge control set with a highly nonlinear objective function), reliability and communication overhead arising.The main aim of this work is to develop a decomposed heuristic descent algorithm that, demanding the different control entities to share the same information set, attains network-wide optimality through separate control actions. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. [less ▲]

The extended discrete element method (XDEM) for multi-physics applications

in Scholarly Journal of Engineering Research (2013), 2

The Extended Discrete Element Method (XDEM) is a novel numerical simulation technique that extends the dynamics of granular materials or particles as described through the classical Discrete Element ... [more ▼]

The Extended Discrete Element Method (XDEM) is a novel numerical simulation technique that extends the dynamics of granular materials or particles as described through the classical Discrete Element Method (DEM) by additional properties such as the thermodynamic state, stress/strain, or electromagnetic field for each particle coupled to a continuum phase such as fluid flow or solid structures. Contrary to a continuum mechanics concept, XDEM aims at resolving the particulate phase through the various processes attached to particles, while DEM predicts the special-temporal position and orientation for each particle; XDEM additionally estimates properties such as the internal temperature and/or species distribution. These predictive capabilities are further extended by an interaction to fluid flow by heat, mass and momentum transfer and impact of particles on structures. These superior features as compared to traditional and pure continuum mechanic approaches are highlighted by predicted examples of relevant engineering applications. [less ▲]

Die Extended Discrete Element Method (XDEM) für multiphysikalische Anwendungen

Scientific Conference (2013)

A vast number of engineering applications include a continuous and discrete phase simultaneously, and therefore, cannot be solved accurately by continuous or discrete approaches only. Problems that ... [more ▼]

A vast number of engineering applications include a continuous and discrete phase simultaneously, and therefore, cannot be solved accurately by continuous or discrete approaches only. Problems that involve both a continuous and a discrete phase are important in applications as diverse as pharmaceutical industry e.g. drug production, agriculture food and processing industry, mining, construction and agricultural machinery, metals manufacturing, energy production and systems biology. <br />A novel technique referred to as Extended Discrete Element Method (XDEM) is developed, that offers a significant advancement for coupled discrete and continuous numerical simulation concepts. XDEM treats the solid phase representing the particles and the fluidised phase usually a fluid phase or a structure as two distinguished phases that are coupled through heat, mass and momentum transfer. An outstanding feature of the numerical concept is that each particle is treated as an individual entity that is described by its thermodynamic state e.g. temperature and reaction progress and its position and orientation in time and space. The thermodynamic state includes one-dimensional and transient distributions of temperature and species within the particle and therefore, allows a detailed and accurate characterisation of the reaction progress in a fluidised bed. Thus, the proposed methodology provides a high degree of resolution ranging from scales within a particle to the continuum phase as global dimensions. <br />These superior features as compared to traditional and pure continuum mechanics approaches are applied to predict drying of wood particles in a packed bed and impact of particles on a membrane. Pre- heated air streamed through the packed bed, and thus, heated the particles with simultaneous evaporation of moisture. Water vapour is transferred into the gas phase at the surface of the particles and transported to the exit of the reactor. A rather inhomogeneous drying process in the upper part of the reactor with higher temperatures around the circumference of the inner reactor wall was observed. The latter is due to increased porosity in conjunction with higher mass flow rates than in the centre of the reactor, and thus, augmented heat transfer. A comparison of the weight loss over time agreed well with measurements. <br />Under the impact of falling particles the surface of a membrane deforms that conversely affects the motion of particles on the surface. Due to an increasing vertical deformation particles roll or slide down toward the bottom of the recess, where they are collected in a heap. Furthermore, during initial impacts deformation waves are predicted that propagate through the structure, and may, already indicate resonant effects already before a prototype is built. Hence, the Extended Discrete Element Method offers a high degree of resolution avoiding further empirical correlations and extends the knowledge into the underlying physics. Although most of the work load concerning CFD and FEM is arranged in the ANSYS workbench, a complete integration is intended that allows for a smooth workflow of the entire simulation environment. [less ▲]

Extended finite element method for dynamic fracture of piezo-electric materials

in Engineering Fracture Mechanics (2012), 92

We present an extended finite element formulation for dynamic fracture of piezo-electric materials. The method is developed in the context of linear elastic fracture mechanics. It is applied to mode I and ... [more ▼]

We present an extended finite element formulation for dynamic fracture of piezo-electric materials. The method is developed in the context of linear elastic fracture mechanics. It is applied to mode I and mixed mode-fracture for quasi-steady cracks. An implicit time integration scheme is exploited. The results are compared to results obtained with the boundary element method and show excellent agreement. [less ▲]

Extended Finite Element Method with Global Enrichment

Scientific Conference (2015, July)

A variant of the extended finite element method is presented which facilitates the use of enriched elements in a fixed volume around the crack front (geometrical enrichment) in 3D fracture problems. The ... [more ▼]

A variant of the extended finite element method is presented which facilitates the use of enriched elements in a fixed volume around the crack front (geometrical enrichment) in 3D fracture problems. The major problem associated with geometrical enrichment is that it significantly deteriorates the conditioning of the resulting system matrices, thus increasing solution times and in some cases making the systems unsolvable. For 2D problems this can be dealt with by employing degree of freedom gathering [1] which essentially inhibits spatial variation of enrichment function weights. However, for the general 3D problem such an approach is not possible since spatial variation of the enrichment function weights in the direction of the crack front is necessary in order to reproduce the variation of solution variables, such as the stress intensity factors, along the crack front. The proposed method solves the above problem by employing a superimposed mesh of special elements which serve as a means to provide variation of the enrichment function weights along the crack front while still not allowing variation in any other direction. The method is combined with special element partitioning algorithms [2] and numerical integration schemes [3] as well as techniques for the elimination of blending errors between the standard and enriched part of the approximation in order to further improve the accuracy of the produced results. Additionally, a novel benchmark problem is introduced which enables the computation of displacement and energy error norms as well as errors in the stress intensity factors for the general 3D case. Through this benchmark problem it is shown that the proposed method provides optimal convergence rates, improved accuracy and reduced computational cost compared to standard XFEM. [less ▲]

eXtended Variational Quasicontinuum Methodology for Modelling of Crack Propagation in Discrete Lattice Systems

Scientific Conference (2017, July 17)