http://hdl.handle.net/10993/77 Search this channel search http://orbilu.uni.lu/simple-search http://hdl.handle.net/10993/41959 Title: La medición de la pobreza y la indigencia en la Argentina <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: INDEC Thu, 23 Jan 2020 08:42:42 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10993/41767 Title: Accounting for the distributional effects of the 2007-2008 crisis and the Economic Adjustment Program in Portugal <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Sologon, Denisa; Almeida, Vanda; van Kerm, Philippe <br/> <br/>Abstract: This paper develops a new method to model the household disposable income distribution and decompose changes in this distribution (or functionals such as inequality measures) over time. It integrates both a micro-econometric and microsimulation approaches, combining a flexible parametric modelling of the distribution of market income with the EUROMOD microsimulation model to simulate the value of taxes and benefits. The method allows for the quantification of the contributions of four main factors to changes in the disposable income distribution between any two years: (i) labour market structure; (ii) returns; (iii) demographic composition; and (iv) tax-benefit system. We apply this new framework to the study of changes in the income distribution in Portugal between 2007 and 2013, accounting for the distributional effects of the 2007-2008 crisis and aftermath policies, in particular the Economic Adjustment Program (EAP). Results show that these effects were substantial and reflected markedly different developments over two periods: 2007-2009, when stimulus packages determined important income gains for the bottom of the distribution and a decrease in income inequality; 2010-2013, when the crisis and austerity measures took a toll on the incomes of Portuguese households, particularly those at the bottom and top of the distribution, leading to an increase in income inequality. Mon, 20 Jan 2020 17:01:45 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10993/41766 Title: Distributional change: Assessing the contribution of household income sources <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Kyzyma, Iryna; Fusco; van Kerm, Philippe <br/> <br/>Abstract: We develop a decomposition of distributional change by factor components to quantify how changes in the association between sources of income and changes in their marginal distributions contribute to the change in the distribution of household incomes over time. The two components are further broken down to isolate the contribution of specific income sources. Application to the change in the distribution of household incomes in Luxembourg between 2004 and 2013 reveals contrasted results: increased association between spouse earnings, public transfers, and taxes depressed the income share of poor households while changes in marginal distributions increased incomes in the upper half of the distribution. Mon, 20 Jan 2020 16:54:26 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10993/41765 Title: What Drives Inequality <br/> <br/>Editor: Decancq, Koen; van Kerm, Philippe Mon, 20 Jan 2020 16:35:42 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10993/41763 Title: Income and Wealth Above the Median: New Measurements and Results for Europe and the United States <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Chauvel, Louis; Hartung, Anne; Bar-Haim, Eyal; van Kerm, Philippe <br/> <br/>Abstract: The study of the upper tail of the income and wealth distributions is important to the understanding of economic inequality. By means of the ‘isograph’, a new tool to describe income or wealth distributions, the authors compare wealth and income and wealth-to-income ratios in 16 European countries and the United States using data for years 2013/2014 from the Eurozone Household Finance and Consumption Survey and the US Survey on Consumer Finance. Focussing on the top half of the distribution, the authors find that for households in the top income quintile, wealth-to-income ratios generally increase rapidly with income; the association between high wealth and high incomes is highest among the highest percentiles. There is generally a positive relationship between median wealth in the country and the wealth of the top 1%. However, the United States is an outlier where the median wealth is relatively low but the wealth of the top 1% is extremely high. Mon, 20 Jan 2020 16:25:27 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10993/41605 Title: Redistribution monétaire au Luxembourg : analyse à partir d’un modèle de microsimulation <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Vergnat, Vincent; D'Ambrosio, Conchita; Liégeois, Philippe Tue, 14 Jan 2020 20:25:12 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10993/40363 Title: Social division in the market: conspicous consumption with nationalist feelings <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Zanaj, Skerdilajda <br/> <br/>Abstract: In this paper, we explore the effects of conspicuous goods as a means of social division between native citizens and migrants. We push forward the hypothesis that choosing a particular good can confer a sense of place. We introduce this idea in an international vertical differentiation market with two variants and two social groups: migrants and natives. Natives are narrow-minded since they attribute a positive social value to the variant that complies with their own consumption culture. Migrants are open-minded. When consumers belonging to different groups meet, they exchange information about their consumption habits and consumption well-being that reveals their consumption culture: narrow-minded versus open-minded. Consequently, after meeting, some consumers may change beliefs (narrow-minded to open-minded or vice versa) and consumption choices. Using a dynamic model, we fully elucidate the steady-state equilibrium and highlight the impact of nationalism on migrant integration. Fri, 13 Sep 2019 16:34:25 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10993/40224 Title: Money and Happiness: Income, Wealth and Subjective Well-being <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: D'Ambrosio, Conchita; Lepinteur, Anthony; Jäntti, Markus <br/> <br/>Abstract: We examine the complex relationship between money and happiness. We find that both permanent income and wealth are better predictors of life satisfaction than current income and wealth. They matter not only in absolute terms but also in comparative terms. However, their relative impacts differ. The first exerts a comparison effect – the higher the permanent income of the reference group, the lower life satisfaction – the second exerts an information effect – the higher the permanent wealth of the reference group, the higher life satisfaction. We also show that negative transitory shocks to income reduce life satisfaction while transitory shocks to wealth have no effect. Lastly, we analyse the effects of their components and find that not all of them predict life satisfaction: permanent taxes do not matter, while only the value of permanent real estate, financial and business assets do. Finally, we use quantile regression and analyse to what extent our results vary along the well-being distribution, finding the impacts to be larger at lower levels of life satisfaction. Mon, 02 Sep 2019 19:49:08 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10993/40005 Title: Body mass index and social interactions from adolescence to adulthood <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Joxhe, Majlinda; Corrado, Luisa; Distante, Roberta <br/> <br/>Abstract: A dynamic linear-in-means model is applied in order to analyse the importance of social ties for the body weight-related behaviour of US youth. The methodology shows how to estimate peer effects free of the ‘reflection problem’ in a dynamic context where individual and group-specific unobservable effects are controlled for. The results show that the main drivers for the body weight-related behaviour are past and peer effects. For individuals who were normal weight or obese during adolescence, past and peer effects are shown to be both relevant. Peer effects, instead, explain more the variation in the body mass index (BMI) for individuals who were overweight during adolescence, showing in this way the importance of social interactions for body weight-related behaviour. Tue, 30 Jul 2019 14:56:10 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10993/39361 Title: Living Conditions and Basic Needs: Evidence from African Countries <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: D'Ambrosio, Conchita; Clark, Andrew <br/> <br/>Abstract: We here use five rounds of Afrobarometer data covering more than 100,000 individuals over the 2004-2016 period to explore the link between individual self-reported measures of living conditions and access to four basic needs. We not only consider own access to these needs, but also various indices of their deprivation, satisfaction and inequality. We find some evidence of comparisons to those who are better off and to those who are worse off, in terms of access to basic needs, in the evaluation of current living conditions. Overall, however, subjective living conditions are mostly absolute in African countries. There is notable heterogeneity by level of development, with the effect of lack of access to basic needs being more pronounced in poorer countries. Equally, comparisons to the better-off are associated with better living conditions in poorer countries, suggesting the existence of a tunnel effect: this latter disappears with economic development. Thu, 18 Apr 2019 09:31:13 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10993/38465 Title: Essays on Chinese Internal Migrant Workers' Choices: Children's location and education <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Chen, Yiwen Mon, 21 Jan 2019 11:33:22 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10993/38440 Title: Wealth Inequality <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Nolan, Brian; Morelli, Salvatore; Van Kerm, Philippe Sun, 20 Jan 2019 22:16:49 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10993/38439 Title: Minimum Wages and the Gender Gap in Pay: New Evidence from the United Kingdom and Ireland <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Bargain, Olivier; Doorley, Karina; Van Kerm, Philippe <br/> <br/>Abstract: Women are disproportionately in low‐paid work compared to men so, in the absence of rationing effects on their employment, they should benefit the most from minimum wage policies. This study examines the change in the gender wage gap around the introduction of minimum wages in Ireland and the United Kingdom (U.K.). Using survey data for the two countries, we develop a decomposition of the change in the gender differences in wage distributions around the date of introduction of minimum wages. We separate out “price” effects attributed to minimum wages from “employment composition” effects. A significant reduction of the gender gap at low wages is observed after the introduction of the minimum wage in Ireland, while there is hardly any change in the U.K. Counterfactual simulations show that the difference between countries may be attributed to gender differences in non‐compliance with the minimum wage legislation in the U.K. Sun, 20 Jan 2019 22:05:19 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10993/36616 Title: Risk and Refugee Migration <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Joxhe, Majlinda <br/> <br/>Abstract: This paper uses the experimental setup of Tanaka et al. (2010) to measure refugees’ risk preferences. A sample of 218 asylum seekers was interviewed in 2017-18 in Luxembourg. Contrary to studies which focus on risk aversion in general, we analyze its components using a cumulative prospect theory (CPT) framework. We show that refugees exhibit particularly low levels of risk aversion compared to other populations and that CPT provides a better fit for modeling risk attitudes. Moreover, we include randomized temporary treatments provoking emotions and find a small significant impact on probability distortion. Robustness of the Tanaka et al. (2010) experimental framework is confirmed by including treatments regarding the embedding effect. Finally, we propose a theoretical model of refugee migration that integrates the insights from our experimental outcomes regarding the functional form of refugees’ decision under risk and the estimated parameter values. The model is then simulated using the data from our study. Wed, 19 Sep 2018 09:47:17 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10993/35942 Title: Stadtplanung trifft Sozialunternehmen <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Schmid, Benedikt; Schulz, Christian Mon, 18 Jun 2018 03:30:03 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10993/35374 Title: Pro-Poorness Orderings <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: D'Ambrosio, Conchita; Chakravarty, Satya; Chattopadhyay, Nachiketa <br/> <br/>Abstract: An indicator of pro-poorness of a growth profile associated with a distribution of income is a measure of the extent to which growth is biased towards the poor. This paper proposes a general approach to pro-poorness, called the progressive sequential averaging principle (PSA), relaxing the requirement of rank preservation due to growth. An endogenous benchmark for evaluating the growth of poor comes out naturally from this principle. A dominance relation on the basis of the above approach for a class of growth profiles is introduced through a simple device, called the PSA curve and its properties are examined in relation to the standard dominances in terms of the generalized Lorenz curve and the inverse generalized Lorenz curve. The paper concludes with an application to evaluate growth profiles experienced by the United States between 2001-2007 and 2007-2013. Thu, 29 Mar 2018 10:31:28 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10993/35087 Title: The measurement of economic inequality <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Jenkins, Stephen P.; Van Kerm, Philippe <br/> <br/>Abstract: This article provides an introduction to methods for the measurement of economic inequality. It reviews the inequality measures that economists have developed, and explains how one might choose between indices or check whether conclusions about inequality difference can be derived without choosing any specific index. It reviews mobility measurement and some fundamental questions about how the distributions of economic interest are defined. Thu, 01 Mar 2018 10:37:16 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10993/35086 Title: Income mobility profiles <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Van Kerm, Philippe <br/> <br/>Abstract: An `income mobility profile' is a graphical tool to portray income mobility and identify the association between individual movements and initial status which, despite its importance when assessing the social relevance of mobility, is often discounted by aggregate mobility indices. Thu, 01 Mar 2018 10:35:56 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10993/35083 Title: Income inequality and self-reported health status: Evidence from the European Community Household Panel survey <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Hildebrand, Vincent A.; Van Kerm, Philippe <br/> <br/>Abstract: We examine the effect of income inequality on individualś self-rated health status in a pooled sample of 11 countries, using longitudinal data from the European Community Household Panel survey. Taking advantage of the longitudinal and cross-national nature of our data, and carefully modeling the self-reported health information, we avoid several of the pitfalls suffered by earlier studies on this topic. We calculate income inequality indices measured at two standard levels of geography (NUTS-0 and NUTS-1) and find consistent evidence that income inequality is negatively related to self-rated health status in the European Union for both men and women, particularly when measured at national level. However, despite its statistical significance, the magnitude of the impact of inequality on health is very small. Thu, 01 Mar 2018 10:31:42 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10993/35081 Title: The joint distribution of income and wealth <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Jäntti, Markus; Sierminska, Eva M.; Van Kerm, Philippe Thu, 01 Mar 2018 10:29:05 GMT