http://hdl.handle.net/10993/100 Search this channel search https://orbilu.uni.lu/simple-search http://hdl.handle.net/10993/42552 Title: Bile microbiota in primary sclerosing cholangitis: Impact on disease progression and development of biliary dysplasia <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Pereira, P.; Aho, Velma; Arola, J.; Boyd, S.; Jokelainen, K.; Paulin, L.; Auvinen, P.; Farkkila, M. http://hdl.handle.net/10993/38895 Title: The Gut Microbiota and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Challenges and Potentials. <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Noor, Fozia; Kaysen, Anne; Wilmes, Paul; Schneider, Jochen <br/> <br/>Abstract: The human gut microbiota gained tremendous importance in the last decade as next-generation technologies of sequencing and multiomics analyses linked the role of the microbial communities to host physiology and pathophysiology. A growing number of human pathologies and diseases are linked to the gut microbiota. One of the main mechanisms by which the microbiota influences the host is through its interactions with the host immune system. These interactions with both innate and adaptive host intestinal and extraintestinal immunity, although usually commensalistic even mutualistic with the host, in some cases lead to serious health effects. In the case of allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), the disruption of the intestinal microbiota diversity is associated with acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). Causing inflammation of the liver, skin, lungs, and the intestine, GvHD occurs in 40-50% of patients undergoing allo-HSCT and results in significant posttransplantation mortality. In this review, we highlight the impact of the gut microbiota on the host immunity in GvHD and the potential of microbiota in alleviation or even prevention of GvHD. <br/> <br/>Commentary: (c) 2018 The Author(s) Published by S. Karger AG, Basel. http://hdl.handle.net/10993/30116 Title: Variant PNPLA3 increases the HCC risk: prospective study in patients treated at the Saarland University Medical Center <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Casper, Markus; Krawczyk, Marcin; Behrmann, Iris; Glanemann, Matthias; Lammert, Frank http://hdl.handle.net/10993/28970 Title: Learned Fear of Gastrointestinal Sensations in Healthy Adults <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Ceunen, Erik; Zaman, Jonas; Weltens, Nathalie; Sarafanova, Ekaterina; Arijs, Vicky; Vlaeyen, Johan; Van Oudenhove, Lukas; Van Diest, Ilse <br/> <br/>Abstract: Background & Aims Gastrointestinal symptom-specific fear and anxiety are important determinants of gastrointestinal symptom perception. We studied learning of fear toward innocuous gastrointestinal sensations as a putative mechanism in the development of gastrointestinal symptom-specific fear and anxiety. Methods Fifty-two healthy subjects (26 women) received 2 types of esophageal balloon distention at a perceptible but nonpainful intensity (conditioned stimulus [CS], the innocuous sensation) and at a painful intensity (unconditioned stimulus [US]). Subjects were assigned randomly to 1 of 2 groups. During the learning phase, the innocuous CS preceded the painful US in the experimental group (n = 26). In the control group (n = 26), on the contrary, the US never followed the CS directly. During a subsequent extinction phase, both groups received only CS distention—the painful US was no longer administered. Indexes of fear learning toward the innocuous CS distention included the skin conductance response, fear-potentiated startle (measured by the eye-blink electromyogram), and self-reported expectancy of the US. Results During the learning phase, only the experimental group learned to fear the innocuous gastrointestinal CS, based on the increase in US expectancy (compared with the control group, P = .04), increased skin conductance response (compared with the control group, P = .03), and potentiated startle reflex (compared with the control group, P = .001) in response to the CS. The differences between the experimental and control groups in US expectancy and skin conductance, but not fear-potentiated startle, disappeared during the extinction phase. Conclusions Fear toward innocuous gastrointestinal sensations can be established through associative learning in healthy human beings. This may be an important mechanism in the development of fear of gastrointestinal symptoms, implicated in the pathophysiology of functional gastrointestinal disorders. http://hdl.handle.net/10993/28969 Title: Startle responding in the context of visceral pain <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Ceunen, Erik; Zaman, Jonas; Herssens, Natacha; Van Oudenhove, Lukas; Bogaerts, Katleen; Ly, Huynh Giao; Coen, Steven J.; Tack, Jan; Vlaeyen, Johan; Van Diest, Ilse <br/> <br/>Abstract: This study aimed to investigate affective modulation of eye blink startle by aversive visceral stimulation. Startle blink EMG responses were measured in 31 healthy participants receiving painful, intermittent balloon distentions in the distal esophagus during 4 blocks (positive, negative, neutral or no pictures), and compared with startles during 3 ‘safe’ blocks without esophageal stimulations (positive, negative or neutral emotional pictures). Women showed enhanced startle during blocks with distentions (as compared with ‘safe’ blocks), both when the balloon was in inflated and deflated states, suggesting that fear and/or expectations may have played a role. Men's startle did not differ between distention and non-distention blocks. In this particular study context affective picture viewing did not further impose any effect on startle eye blink responses. The current results may contribute to a better understanding of emotional reactions to aversive interoceptive stimulation.