![]() ; Hoenig, Barbara ![]() Report (2002) Austria shows one of the highest gender wage differentials among the European countries; in 1999, Austrian women's average earnings reached only 65 % of that of their male compatriots. This wage gap ... [more ▼] Austria shows one of the highest gender wage differentials among the European countries; in 1999, Austrian women's average earnings reached only 65 % of that of their male compatriots. This wage gap decreased during the 1980s but again increased in the 1990s, although female employment rates had been rising ever since. In the 2010s, Austria still is among those countries with the highest gender pay gap of the enlarged EU28. This already points to the very main characteristic of the Austrian gender wage gap: Most of the increase of female labour market participation has been realized in part-time jobs, which not only decreases gross earnings but also chances to get promoted, and thus access to better paid jobs. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 45 (3 UL)![]() Ferring, Dieter ![]() Report (2002) Detailed reference viewed: 106 (0 UL)![]() Houssemand, Claude ![]() Report (2002) Detailed reference viewed: 28 (1 UL)![]() Caruso, Geoffrey ![]() Report (2001) In this report the extent of "peri-urbanisation" in Europe is analysed. The aim is to give an insight into the ways in which "peri-urban" processes are described in different European countries. The work ... [more ▼] In this report the extent of "peri-urbanisation" in Europe is analysed. The aim is to give an insight into the ways in which "peri-urban" processes are described in different European countries. The work has been undertaken for DATAR (Délégation à l'Aménagement du Territoire et à l'Action Régionale, France) as part of their ongoing study of "peri-urbanisation" in France. Urban development is one of the major concerns for the future of rural areas and ecological zones. This work contributes to the "peri-urban" debate by taking a European perspective that complements local or national case studies. The focus is on the spatial aspects of peri-urbanisation and on its recent demographic trends. The report is divided into three parts : The first part consists of a general discussion about the diversity of concepts used to analyse peri-urban processes, and provides an overview of urbanisation typologies and global trends in the EU. In the second the spatial extent and the description of peri- urban processes is discussed for different countries: The Netherlands, Belgium, Great Britain, Germany and Italy. Some bibliographical references are also given for the Nordic countries. The third part summarises the main spatial and demographic trends and identifies some of the similarities and differences between the countries considered. A bibliography is provided at the end of the report and includes references on some additional countries. It is shown how diverse can be the tools used to assess peri-urbanisation. Nevertheless, there is a clear diffusion of population towards commuting and rural areas of Europe. A growing share of national territories and population are concerned with this process. Changes in the urban-rural interface are driven by similar behaviour throughout Europe, but slight differences can be observed. Local geographic and demographic specificities, regional economic dynamism, historic settlements as well as spatial policies differentiate the evolution and morphology of European peri-urban areas today. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 334 (3 UL)![]() ; Hoenig, Barbara ![]() Report (2001) Was bringt Grundsicherung den Frauen tatsächlich? Inwieweit können sozialrechtliche Absicherungen 'typischen Frauenbiografien' eine Mindestsicherheit bieten? Welche unbeabsichtigten Folgen hätte eine ... [more ▼] Was bringt Grundsicherung den Frauen tatsächlich? Inwieweit können sozialrechtliche Absicherungen 'typischen Frauenbiografien' eine Mindestsicherheit bieten? Welche unbeabsichtigten Folgen hätte eine realisierte Grundsicherung für Frauen? Aus feministischer Sicht wird häufig befürchtet, Grundsicherung könnte zur Rechtfertigung der Verdrängung von Frauen aus dem Erwerbsarbeitsmarkt genützt werden. Angesichts einer verschärften Arbeitsmarktsituation für Frauen und ihrer Doppelbelastung sind diese Bedenken verständlich. Neben speziellen Auswirkungen auf Frauen geht es auch um die Frage, wie allgemeinen Mechanismen geschlechtstypischer Diskriminierung von Frauen durch gerechte Formen der Existenzsicherung entgegengewirkt werden kann. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 25 (2 UL)![]() ; Ferring, Dieter ![]() Report (1999) Detailed reference viewed: 41 (0 UL)![]() Krolak-Schwerdt, Sabine ![]() Report (1999) Detailed reference viewed: 16 (0 UL)![]() Houssemand, Claude ![]() Report (1999) Detailed reference viewed: 19 (0 UL)![]() Houssemand, Claude ![]() ![]() Report (1998) Detailed reference viewed: 32 (0 UL)![]() Houssemand, Claude ![]() Report (1997) Detailed reference viewed: 38 (2 UL)![]() ; Houssemand, Claude ![]() ![]() Report (1995) Detailed reference viewed: 47 (1 UL)![]() Houssemand, Claude ![]() Report (1995) Detailed reference viewed: 23 (1 UL)![]() Krolak-Schwerdt, Sabine ![]() Report (1994) Detailed reference viewed: 17 (0 UL)![]() Willems, Helmut ![]() Report (1993) Detailed reference viewed: 23 (0 UL)![]() ; Ferring, Dieter ![]() Report (1992) Detailed reference viewed: 90 (0 UL)![]() Krolak-Schwerdt, Sabine ![]() Report (1992) Detailed reference viewed: 15 (0 UL)![]() Willems, Helmut ![]() Report (1992) Detailed reference viewed: 41 (3 UL)![]() Willems, Helmut ![]() Report (1991) Detailed reference viewed: 46 (0 UL)![]() Willems, Helmut ![]() Report (1990) Detailed reference viewed: 28 (0 UL)![]() Powell, Justin J W ![]() Report (1990) Handbook for college community service programs Detailed reference viewed: 51 (2 UL)![]() ; Ferring, Dieter ![]() Report (1989) Detailed reference viewed: 24 (0 UL)![]() ; Ferring, Dieter ![]() Report (1988) Detailed reference viewed: 33 (2 UL)![]() ; ; Ferring, Dieter ![]() Report (1988) Detailed reference viewed: 81 (0 UL)![]() Willems, Helmut ![]() Report (1987) Detailed reference viewed: 63 (0 UL)![]() ; ; Ferring, Dieter ![]() Report (1987) Detailed reference viewed: 163 (0 UL)![]() Ferring, Dieter ![]() Report (1987) Detailed reference viewed: 33 (0 UL)![]() Willems, Helmut ![]() Report (1986) Detailed reference viewed: 54 (0 UL)![]() Ferring, Dieter ![]() Report (1986) Detailed reference viewed: 39 (0 UL)![]() ; Ferring, Dieter ![]() Report (1986) Detailed reference viewed: 41 (0 UL) |
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