World Wide Web caching: the application-level view of the Internet

in IEEE Communications Magazine (1997), 35(6), 170-178

Hierarchy of Norms in European Community Law

in Certain Rectangular Problems of European Integration (1997), II(Project IV/95/02),

Filtrage de diffusions faiblement bruitées dans le cas corrélé

in Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences. Série I. Mathématique (1997), 325

Measles virus transmission from infected to immune individuals - Implications for measles control and elimination

in South African Medical Journal (1997), 87(12), 1709

Etude de differentes methodes pour la mise en evidence des autoanticorps anti-glutamate-decarboxylase associes au developpement du diabete insulinodependant

in Immuno-Analyse et Biologie Specialisee (1997), 12(5), 275-279

Autoantibodies to glutamate-decarboxylase (GAD) are present in the serum of patients with insulin dependent diabetes (DID) even before the development of the overt diabetes. These antibodies react ... [more ▼]

Autoantibodies to glutamate-decarboxylase (GAD) are present in the serum of patients with insulin dependent diabetes (DID) even before the development of the overt diabetes. These antibodies react predominantly with the native GAD. Various methods have been studied (radio immunoassay [RIA] and enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]). It was observed that at the present time only RIA-tests, in which GAD is presented in fluid phase, are able to detect antibodies. [less ▲]

Rapid identification of measles virus strains by the heteroduplex mobility assay

in Virus Research (1997), 47(2), 472197-203

The continued endemic presence of measles virus (MV), and the large number of isolates which are made in South Africa each year, demanded the use of a rapid and reliable pre-screening technique to select ... [more ▼]

The continued endemic presence of measles virus (MV), and the large number of isolates which are made in South Africa each year, demanded the use of a rapid and reliable pre-screening technique to select isolates for molecular epidemiological studies by sequence analysis. The heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA) was used to genetically characterize 47 MV isolates collected from three different provinces in South Africa, made between 1986 and 1995. The carboxyl-terminal 590 nt of the nucleocapsid (N) gene - the most variable region of the genome - was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and subsequently subjected to HMA analysis for initial genotyping. The results showed three different patterns of heteroduplex formation by gel electrophoresis, representing two distinct wild-type lineages and one group of vaccine-like viruses. Comparison of HMA results with phylogenetic analysis of sequence data for several of the South African MV strains showed a complete correlation of results. The HMA proved to be a useful tool for screening MV isolates for use in molecular epidemiological studies. [less ▲]

Space-charge controlled conduction in low-temperature-grown molecular-beam epitaxial GaAs,

in Applied Physics Letters (1997), 71

Current transport in low-temperature (LT) molecular-beam epitaxial GaAs grown at 200-300 °C on an n+ GaAs substrate is studied by means of current–voltage–temperature characteristics. The resistivity of ... [more ▼]

Current transport in low-temperature (LT) molecular-beam epitaxial GaAs grown at 200-300 °C on an n+ GaAs substrate is studied by means of current–voltage–temperature characteristics. The resistivity of LT GaAs at low electric fields is rho>108 Ohm cm, much higher than resulting from van der Pauw measurements. It is found that the measured resistivity decreases with increasing the LT GaAs thickness. This is explained by space-charge effect in the vicinity of n+/LT GaAs junction and subsequent suppression of hopping conduction in the high-field junction region. [less ▲]

Cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts contain functional estrogen receptors.

in FEBS letters (1997), 416(1), 107-12

Gender-based differences found in cardiovascular diseases raise the possibility that estrogen may have direct effects on cardiac tissue. Therefore we investigated whether cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts ... [more ▼]

Gender-based differences found in cardiovascular diseases raise the possibility that estrogen may have direct effects on cardiac tissue. Therefore we investigated whether cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts express functional estrogen receptors. Immunofluorescence demonstrated estrogen receptor protein expression in both female and male rat cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts. Nuclear translocation of the estrogen receptor protein was observed after stimulation of cardiomyocytes with 17beta-estradiol (E2). Cells transfected with an estrogen-responsive reporter plasmid showed that treatment with E2 induced a significant increase in reporter activity. Furthermore, E2 induced a significant increase in expression of the estrogen receptors alpha and beta, progesterone receptor and connexin 43 in cardiac myocytes. Cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts contain functional estrogen receptors and estrogen regulates expression of specific cardiac genes. These data suggest that gender-based differences in cardiac diseases may in part be due to direct effects of estrogen on the heart. [less ▲]

Antagonistic interactions between FGF and BMP signaling pathways: a mechanism for positioning the sites of tooth formation.

in Cell (1997), 90(2), 247-55

Vertebrate organogenesis is initiated at sites that are often morphologically indistinguishable from the surrounding region. Here we have identified Pax9 as a marker for prospective tooth mesenchyme prior ... [more ▼]

Vertebrate organogenesis is initiated at sites that are often morphologically indistinguishable from the surrounding region. Here we have identified Pax9 as a marker for prospective tooth mesenchyme prior to the first morphological manifestation of odontogenesis. We provide evidence that the sites of Pax9 expression in the mandibular arch are positioned by the combined activity of two signals, one (FGF8) that induces Pax9 expression and the other (BMP2 and BMP4) that prevents this induction. Thus it appears that the position of the teeth is determined by a combination of two different types of signaling molecules produced in wide but overlapping domains rather than by a single localized inducer. We suggest that a similar mechanism may be used for specifying the sites of development of other organs. [less ▲]

Color-Sensistive Si-Photodiode Using Porous Silicon Interference Filters

in Japanese Journal of Applied Physics (1997), 36(1997), 24-26

Capacity Utilization and Market Power

in Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control (1997), 22

We propose a theoretical macroeconomic model where capacity underutilization follows from idiosyncratic demand uncertainty at the time monopolistic firms must choose their productive capacity. After their ... [more ▼]

We propose a theoretical macroeconomic model where capacity underutilization follows from idiosyncratic demand uncertainty at the time monopolistic firms must choose their productive capacity. After their investment decision, firms facing a low demand will typically prefer to run excess capacities rather than reduce their profit margin; firms at full capacity will respond to demand fluctuations solely by price adjustments. We show that the proportion of firms with idle capacities influences crucially the short-run response of the economy to exogenous disturbances and, in particular, the relative importance of price and quantity adjustments. [less ▲]

Electrical Behaviour of the InP/InGaAs Based MSM-2DEG Diode

in Solid-State Electronics (1997), 41(1997), 25-31

Methodische Bemerkungen zu Kontextualisierung und Wirkungsgeschichte in der pädagogischen Historiographie

in Neue Pestalozzi-Blätter (1997), 3(2), 28-29

Segment-specific expression of the gap junction gene connexin 31 during hindbrain development

in Development Genes & Evolution (1997), (207), 359-361

De toekomst van de historische pedagogiek.

in Comenius (1997), 17(3), 195-199

Saar-Lor-Lux - Die Bedeutung der lokalen grenzüberschreitenden Kooperation für den europäischen Integrationsprozeß.

in Magazin Forschung (1997), (1), 46-53

Effects of estrogen on skeletal myoblast growth.

in Biochemical and biophysical research communications (1997), 232(2), 373-8

To determine the role of estrogen in skeletal muscle growth, we investigated estrogen receptor-mediated effects on proliferation in skeletal myoblasts. In L6, C2C12 and Sol8 myoblasts estrogen receptor ... [more ▼]

To determine the role of estrogen in skeletal muscle growth, we investigated estrogen receptor-mediated effects on proliferation in skeletal myoblasts. In L6, C2C12 and Sol8 myoblasts estrogen receptor was demonstrated by immunoblotting, immunofluorescence microscopy and transfection studies. Estrone induced a significant increase in myoblast growth whereas 17 beta-estradiol had no effect. Furthermore in L6-cells estrone (c-fos: 3.9-fold, egr-1: 4.6-fold) induced immediate-early gene induction significantly stronger than 17 beta-estradiol (c-fos: 1.7-fold, egr-1: 2.3-fold; p < 0.05). Skeletal myoblasts express functional estrogen receptors. Estrogens differ in the activation of skeletal myoblast growth and immediate-early gene induction. [less ▲]

Structural and functional similarities between the human cytoskeletal protein zyxin and the ActA protein of Listeria monocytogenes.

in Journal of cell science (1997), 110 ( Pt 16)

The intracellular bacterial parasite Listeria monocytogenes produces ActA protein at its surface to facilitate the localized assembly of actin-filled comets that are required for movement. The ... [more ▼]

The intracellular bacterial parasite Listeria monocytogenes produces ActA protein at its surface to facilitate the localized assembly of actin-filled comets that are required for movement. The organization of actin in Listeria comets shows striking similarity to the organization of actin at the plasma membrane of mammalian cells. Therefore we examined the possibility that an ActA-like protein is present in mammalian cells. By using antibodies directed against ActA, we identified zyxin as an ActA related protein in a number of cell types. We compared the functions of ActA and zyxin by transient expression of variants tagged with an inner plasma membrane localization sequence (a CAAX box). Targeting of the proline rich domain of zyxin to the plasma membrane disrupts the actin cytoskeleton and cell shape in a manner similar to that which occurs with membrane-targeted ActA sequences. A chimeric protein composed of the N-terminal domain of ActA fused to the N-terminal and central domains of zyxin induced a full ActA response in cells. Furthermore, zyxin and ActA exhibit common protein partners in vitro. On the basis of the shared properties of zyxin and ActA, we propose that zyxin enhances actin organizing activity in mammalian cells. [less ▲]

Eine »kulturelle Neubildung von hoher Merkwürdigkeit«. Thomas Manns Auseinandersetzung mit Leben und Werk Walther Rathenaus

in Mitteilungen der Walther Rathenau Gesellschaft (1997), 7

Enhancing the Web's infrastructure: from caching to replication

in IEEE Internet Computing (1997), 1(2), 18-27

Retrospektive Bewertungen des eigenen Lebens: LZG – Lebenszufriedenheits-Graph.

in Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und Padagogische Psychologie (1997), 29(1)

Anger suppression, reactivity and hypertension risk: Gender makes a difference

in Annals of Behavioral Medicine : A Publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine (1997), 19

The present study investigated gender-related differences in cardiovascular reactivity and the role of anger inhibition and risk for future hypertension. Tonic blood pressure served as an index of ... [more ▼]

The present study investigated gender-related differences in cardiovascular reactivity and the role of anger inhibition and risk for future hypertension. Tonic blood pressure served as an index of hypertension risk. Twenty-eight female and 26 male college students with high and low normal blood pressure were recruited on the basis of their mean arterial pressure. Continuous measures of heart rate and blood pressure were taken while participants carried out a series of behavioral manoeuvres including mental arithmetic, interpersonal challenge, a frustrating psychomotor test, and the cold pressor test. Participants also completed inventories assessing trait anxiety, trait anger, anger expression, and Type A. The results are in concordance with previous findings and show higher cardiovascular reactivity in men than in women and in subjects at risk for hypertension. Within the male group, a combination of hypertension risk and anger suppression led to the highest reactivity, whereas in female subjects, differences in anger-in had no effect on reactivity. The implications of these results are discussed in light of sex differences in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. [less ▲]

Calcitonin gene-related peptide- and substance P-like immunoreactive fibers in the spermatic nerve and testis of the dog.

in Neuroscience Letters (1997), 235

Surface-induced organization of linear molecules on nanostructured polytetrafluoroethylene: Crystalline state of poly[vinylidenefluoride-trifluoroethylene].

in Physical Review. B, Condensed Matter and Materials Physics (1997), 55(6), 3497-3506

Highly crystalline and uniaxial-oriented polytetrafluoroethylene films, nanostructured in one dimension, were used to produce a fully crystalline, thermoreversible morphology in the ferroelectric ... [more ▼]

Highly crystalline and uniaxial-oriented polytetrafluoroethylene films, nanostructured in one dimension, were used to produce a fully crystalline, thermoreversible morphology in the ferroelectric copolymer poly[vinylidenefluoride-trifluoroethylene]. The resulting state is built up of regularly stacked lamellar crystals of about 100 nm thickness and lateral dimensions of about 6 μm. [less ▲]

Superheavy nuclei in selfconsistent nuclear calculations

in Physical Review. C, Nuclear Physics (1997), 56(1), 238-243

The shell structure of superheavy nuclei is investigated within various parametrizations of relativistic and nonrelativistic nuclear mean-field models. The heaviest known even-even nucleus 156 264Hs108 is ... [more ▼]

The shell structure of superheavy nuclei is investigated within various parametrizations of relativistic and nonrelativistic nuclear mean-field models. The heaviest known even-even nucleus 156 264Hs108 is used as a benchmark to estimate the predictive value of the models. From that starting point, doubly magic spherical nuclei are searched in the region Z51102140 and N5134–298. They are found at (Z5114 , N5184), (Z5120 , N5172), or at (Z5126 , N5184), depending on the parametrization. [less ▲]

0.1 µm T-gate Al-free InP/InGaAs/InP pHEMTs for W-Band Applications Using a Nitrogen Carrier for LP-MOCVD Growth

in IEEE Electron Device Letters (1997), 18

We report on the dc and RF performance of HEMT’s based on the Al-free material system InP/InGaAs/InP. These structures were grown by LP-MOCVD using a nitrogen carrier. The influence of gate length and ... [more ▼]

We report on the dc and RF performance of HEMT’s based on the Al-free material system InP/InGaAs/InP. These structures were grown by LP-MOCVD using a nitrogen carrier. The influence of gate length and channel composition on the performance of these devices is investigated.We demonstrate that optimum dc and RF performance using highly strained channels can be obtained only if additional composite channels are grown. The cutoff frequencies fT =160 GHz and fmax=260 GHz for a 0.1- um T-gate device indicate the suitability of our devices for W-Band applications. [less ▲]

Quantification of wild-type mitochondrial DNA and its 4.8-kb deletion in rat organs.

in Biochemical and biophysical research communications (1997), 233(1), 102-7

Oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is considered a major contributor in aging. An age-dependent increase of oxidative damage and of the quantity of partially deleted mtDNA was reported for ... [more ▼]

Oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is considered a major contributor in aging. An age-dependent increase of oxidative damage and of the quantity of partially deleted mtDNA was reported for several rat and human organs. Here, a systematic investigation of ten different tissues and organs of 20-months-old rats was performed. The amount of mtDNA and age-dependent 4.8 kb deletion (delta mtDNA4834) was determined by competitive polymerase chain reaction, along with the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx). The data were related to the corresponding metabolic rates. MtDNA content was highest in heart and lowest in spleen. delta mtDNA4834 was detected in all ten tissues and organs, and its amount was highest in liver and lowest in intestine. In heart, lung, muscle, and bone-marrow the deletion could not be quantified because of a point mutation, an A-->T transition at position 8107. Activities of SOD and GSHPx were highest in liver and lowest in intestinal mucosa. A negative correlation between mtDNA content and delta mtDNA4834, and a positive correlation between metabolic rate, GSHPx, and the deletion was found. These results suggest that the occurrence of delta mtDNA4834 in rat is related to oxidative stress. [less ▲]

Organisation of the biosynthetic gene cluster for rapamycin in Streptomyces hygroscopicus: analysis of the enzymatic domains in the modular polyketide synthase

in Gene (1996), 169(1), 9-16

The three giant multifunctional polypeptides of the rapamycin (Rp)-producing polyketide synthase (RAPS1, RAPS2 and RAPS3) have recently been shown to contain 14 separate sets, or modules, of enzyme ... [more ▼]

The three giant multifunctional polypeptides of the rapamycin (Rp)-producing polyketide synthase (RAPS1, RAPS2 and RAPS3) have recently been shown to contain 14 separate sets, or modules, of enzyme activities, each module catalysing a specific round of polyketide chain extension. Detailed sequence comparison between these protein modules has allowed further characterisation of aa that may be important in catalysis or specificity. The acyl-carrier protein (ACP), beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthase (KS) and acyltransferase (AT) domains (the core domains) have an extremely high degree of mutual sequence homology. The KS domains in particular are almost perfect repeats over their entire length. Module 14 shows the least homology and is unique in possessing only core domains. The enoyl reductase (ER), beta-ketoacyl-ACP reductase (KR) and dehydratase (DH) domains are present even in certain modules where they are not apparently required. Four DH domains can be recognised as inactive by characteristic deletions in active site sequences, but for two others, and for KR and ER in module 3, the sequence is not distinguishable from that of active counterparts in other modules. The N terminus of RAPS1 contains a novel coenzyme A ligase (CL) domain that activates and attaches the shikimate-derived starter unit, and an ER activity that may modify the starter unit after attachment. The sequence comparison has revealed the surprisingly high sequence similarity between inter-domain 'linker' regions, and also a potential amphipathic helix at the N terminus of each multienzyme subunit which may promote dimerisation into active species. [less ▲]

Werteerziehung und pluralistische Gesellschaft

in Aktuell (1996), (4), 7-10

[Beta blockers in chronic heart failure. Clinical position on the topic].

in Der Internist (1996), 37(12), 1274-81279

Endothelin-1 does not modulate O2.release and [Ca(2+)]i variations in resting or differentiated HL-60 cells

in Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology (1996), 10(1), 28-32

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) by itself was not an effective stimulus for inducing superoxide (O2.) generation in human resting or DMSO-differentiated neutrophil-like HL-60 cells. ET-1 (0.01-100 nM) was not able to ... [more ▼]

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) by itself was not an effective stimulus for inducing superoxide (O2.) generation in human resting or DMSO-differentiated neutrophil-like HL-60 cells. ET-1 (0.01-100 nM) was not able to modulate O2. generation stimulated by the chemotactic peptide N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (fMLP, EC50 = 4.24 +/- 1.63 nM in the absence and 3.16 +/- 1.95 nM in the presence of ET-1). Neither did ET-1 (0.01-100 nM) promote the mobilization of intracellular calcium ions or modulate fMLP-induced [Ca(2+)]i increase in this model of human neutrophils. Phosphoramidon, a neutral endopeptidase inhibitor, was not able to reveal any biological (O2.) or biochemical ([Ca(2+)]i response to ET-1 in the absence or in the presence of fMLP in these cells. These results indicate that DMSO-differentiated neutrophil-like HL-60 cells are not sensitive to ET-1 in terms of O2. generation or [Ca(2+)]i variations. [less ▲]

Internal Finance and Capital Accumulation in a Dynamic General Equilibrium Model with Credit Constraints

in Louvain Economic Review - Recherches Economiques de Louvain (1996), 62(2-3), 255-86

«De la colère de l'escargot à la rage de l'expression»

in C.R.I.N. (1996)

«Egotisme et autodérision chez Stendhal. Je tombe donc je suis»

in Dix-neuf/Vingt, Revue de littérature moderne (1996)

A reading of Troubadour insult songs: the Comunals cycle

in Reading Medieval Studies (1996), XXII

An analysis of a cycle of aggressive songs by troubadours.

16 GHz Bandwidth MSM Photodetector and 45/85 GHz fT/fmax HEMT Prepared on an Identical InGaAs/InP Layer Structure

in Electronics Letters (1996), 32

Maximum Likelihood Array Processing for Stochastic Coherent Sources

in IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing (1996), 44

Der Einfluss der Motivation auf das Gedächtnis über Personen und die Eindrucksbildung

in Zeitschrift für experimentelle Psychologie (1996), 43

Le théorème de Hörmander pour des opérateurs du second ordre infiniment dégénérés avec des coefficients dépendant du temps

in Stochastics and Stochastics Reports (1996), 59

Pax1 is expressed during development of the thymus epithelium and is required for normal T-cell maturation.

in Development (1996), 122(1), 23-30

Pax1 is a transcriptional regulatory protein expressed during mouse embryogenesis and has been shown to have an important function in vertebral column development. Expression of Pax1 mRNA in the embryonic ... [more ▼]

Pax1 is a transcriptional regulatory protein expressed during mouse embryogenesis and has been shown to have an important function in vertebral column development. Expression of Pax1 mRNA in the embryonic thymus has been reported previously. Here we show that Pax1 protein expression in thymic epithelial cells can be detected throughout thymic development and in the adult. Expression starts in the early endodermal epithelium lining the foregut region and includes the epithelium of the third pharyngeal pouch, a structure giving rise to part of the thymus epithelium. In early stages of thymus development a large proportion of thymus cells expresses Pax1. With increasing age, the proportion of Pax1-expressing cells is reduced and in the adult mouse only a small fraction of cortical thymic stromal cells retains strong Pax1 expression. Expression of Pax1 in thymus epithelium is necessary for establishing the thymus microenvironment required for normal T cell maturation. Mutations in the Pax-1 gene in undulated mice affect not only the total size of the thymus but also the maturation of thymocytes. The number of thymocytes is reduced about 2- to 5-fold, affecting mainly the CD4+8+ immature and CD4+ mature thymocyte subsets. The expression levels of major thymocyte surface markers remains unchanged with the exception of Thy-1 which was found to be expressed at 3- to 4-fold higher levels. [less ▲]

Neuropeptides and their receptors in the environment of nociceptors: Where and why?

in Neuropeptides (1996)

Wachstum und Wandel: Die «neue» Wachstumstheorie als Theorie wirtschaftlicher Entwicklung

in ORDO: Jahrbuch für die Ordnung von Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft (1996)

Umweltmanagement. Neue Ansätze durch EG-Öko-Audit und DIN-ISO 14001.

in Internationales Verkehrswesen (1996), 48(9), 39-44

The HSSP database of protein structure sequence alignments

in Nucleic Acids Research (1996), 24(1), 201-205

HSSP is a derived database merging structural three dimensional (3-D) and sequence one dimensional (1-D) information. For each protein of known 3-D structure from the Protein Data Bank (PDB), the database ... [more ▼]

HSSP is a derived database merging structural three dimensional (3-D) and sequence one dimensional (1-D) information. For each protein of known 3-D structure from the Protein Data Bank (PDB), the database has a multiple sequence alignment of all available homologues and a sequence profile characteristic of the family. The list of homologues is the result of a database search in Swissprot using a position-weighted dynamic programming method for sequence profile alignment (MaxHom). The database is updated frequently. The listed homologues are very likely to have the same 3-D structure as the PDB protein to which they have been aligned. As a result, the database is not only a database of aligned sequence families, but also a database of implied secondary and tertiary structures covering 27% of all Swissprotstored sequences. [less ▲]

Pax genes and sclerotome induction

in Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology (1996), (7), 129-136

L´Agglomération Transfrontalière du Pôle Européen de Développement (PED) Longwy-Rodange-Athus. Expériences et perspectives d´un programme trinational de restructuration économique.

in Revue Géographique de l'Est (1996), 1996(2), 133-150

Wirtschaftsverkehr. Stadtlogistik zum öffentlichen Thema machen!

in Informationen zur Raumentwicklung (1996), (7/8), 417-436

Commentaire de l'arrêt de la Cour d'appel de Douai du 7 juillet 1994, concernant la fusion de La Redoute avec Pinault-Printemps

in Bulletin Droit et Banque (1996), (25), 34-47

The response of the Earth to tidal body forces described by second-and third-degree spherical harmonics as derived from a 12 year series of measurements with the superconducting gravimeter GWR/T3 in Brussels

in Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors (1996), 93(3), 223-238

SzLB – Skala zur Lebensbewertung (SLB).

in Zeitschrift für Differentielle und Diagnostische Psychologie (1996), 17(3)