n-InGaAs Schottky Diode with Current Transport along 2DEG Channel

in Electronics Letters (1992), 28(1992), 1689-1690

Transformation from U(3) to a pseudo U(3) basis of the matrix representation of a deformed Nilsson hamiltonian

in Revista Mexicana de Física (1992)

Famille de courbes hyperelliptiques de genre g munies d'une classe de diviseurs rationnels d'ordre 2g^2+4g+1

in Séminaire de Théorie des Nombres (1992), 116

Sequence analysis of polymerase chain reaction amplified t(14;18) chromosomal breakpoints in formalin fixed, paraffin wax embedded follicular lymphoma.

in Journal of clinical pathology (1992), 45(3), 210-2

AIMS: To determine whether junctional sequences of rearranged chromosomes can be amplified by use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and whether direct sequence analysis of the PCR products is ... [more ▼]

AIMS: To determine whether junctional sequences of rearranged chromosomes can be amplified by use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and whether direct sequence analysis of the PCR products is possible, using DNA from formalin fixed, paraffin wax embedded biopsy specimens. METHODS: DNA was extracted from paraffin wax embedded, formalin fixed lymphoma specimens, and junctional sequences of rearranged chromosomes were amplified by the PCR. The products were used as templates for asymmetrical PCR. Subsequently, direct sequence analysis was performed using the chain termination method. RESULTS: Formalin fixed, paraffin wax embedded biopsy specimens and PCR amplification could be used to determine the nucleotide sequences of junctional regions of rearranged chromosomes t(14;18) from patients with follicular lymphoma. CONCLUSION: The identification of junctional sequences of the translocation in follicular lymphoma provides a molecular "fingerprint" of t(14;18) of the lymphoma of an individual patient and can be used for the detection of clone specific DNA in any biopsy tissue obtained from the patient. The strategy used for rapid sequence analysis of PCR amplified DNA sequences will be useful in many areas of molecular pathology. [less ▲]

Banken und Wirtschaftskreislauf: Makroökonomische Konsequenzen einer Portfoliotheorie des Giralgeldangebotes

in Jahrbucher für Nationalokonomie und Statistik (1992)

Multiple Invariance ESPRIT

in IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing (1992), SP-40(4), 867881

«Le mode d'existence sémiotique des passions»

in Scripta Semiotica (1992)

Vom Vorteil, ein Außenseiter zu sein

in Sportpsychologie (1992), 6(1), 22-23

Im Sport beobachtet man häufig das Phänomen, daß Außenseiter „übermächtige“ Gegner schlafen. Gibt es dafür eine plausible Erklärung?

The molecular and genetic analysis of mouse development.

in European Journal of Biochemistry (1992), 204(1), 5-11

This review describes some recent advances in the molecular-genetic analysis of mouse development. Reversed genetics and gene assignment have been used to isolate genes affected in developmental mutations ... [more ▼]

This review describes some recent advances in the molecular-genetic analysis of mouse development. Reversed genetics and gene assignment have been used to isolate genes affected in developmental mutations. The establishment of a high-density molecular-genetic map promises to facilitate cloning of additional genes with developmental functions. Based on molecular, biochemical or other biological criteria many mouse genes that code for transcriptional regulators, growth-factor-like molecules and their receptors have been isolated. The role of these genes during development can be analysed in vivo after producing targeted mutations. Mutations can be generated by homologous recombination in the genome of embryonic stem cells and can then be introduced into the mouse germ line by means of germ-line chimaeras. Additional approaches employing stem cells to identify and mutate putative developmental genes are coming into use. [less ▲]

Natural polyamines stimulate G-proteins

in Biochemical Journal (1992), 282 (Pt 2)

The natural polyamines spermine and spermidine, the biosynthetic precursor putrescine and their analogues cadaverine and tyramine stimulate the GTPase activity of purified GTP-binding proteins (Go/Gi ... [more ▼]

The natural polyamines spermine and spermidine, the biosynthetic precursor putrescine and their analogues cadaverine and tyramine stimulate the GTPase activity of purified GTP-binding proteins (Go/Gi) from calf brain reconstituted into phospholipid vesicles. The order of potency was spermine greater than spermidine greater than putrescine = cadaverine greater than tyramine. The physiological relevance of this observation was assessed, showing the same order of potency of polyamines in the stimulation of peritoneal and tracheal rat mast cells. The activation of rat mast cells by polyamines was inhibited by benzalkonium chloride or by a 2 h pretreatment of the cells with pertussis toxin. The increase in inositol phosphates evoked by polyamines was also inhibited by pertussis toxin. Therefore we propose that intracellular polyamines might control the basal level of second messengers and modulate extracellular signals transduced through G-protein-coupled receptors. [less ▲]

Development of the skeletal system.

in Ciba Foundation Symposium (1992), 165

The analysis of the development of the skeletal system has been greatly facilitated by the availability of a large number of mouse mutants with skeletal defects. Whereas for many of these mutants a ... [more ▼]

The analysis of the development of the skeletal system has been greatly facilitated by the availability of a large number of mouse mutants with skeletal defects. Whereas for many of these mutants a description of the main phenotypic abnormalities is known, molecular insight into the ontogeny of the skeletal system is limited. One of the few skeletal mutants for which the molecular basis is known is undulated. These mice have a defect in the differentiation of the sclerotome and Pax-1, a mouse paired-box containing gene, has been identified as a candidate gene for this mutation. A molecular analysis of three independent undulated alleles revealed that in each case the Pax-1 gene is affected. One of the alleles could be classified as a null allele, in which the Pax-1 gene is deleted. A phenotypic analysis shows that Pax-1 is required for proper differentiation of intervertebral discs and vertebral bodies. [less ▲]

Analysis of Subspace Fitting and ML Techniques for Parameter Estimation from Sensor Array Data

in IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing (1992), SP-40

Barcelona '92 - Psychologische Betreuung einer Olympia-Delegation

in Sportpsychologie (1992), 6(4), 29-30

In seiner Funktion als beratender Psychologe des Olympischen Komitees von Luxemburg (C.O.S.L.) hat der Autor die luxemburgische Olympia Delegation bei den Olympischen Spielen in Barcelona begleitet. Im ... [more ▼]

In seiner Funktion als beratender Psychologe des Olympischen Komitees von Luxemburg (C.O.S.L.) hat der Autor die luxemburgische Olympia Delegation bei den Olympischen Spielen in Barcelona begleitet. Im Rahmen des vorliegenden Erfahrungsberichtes zeigt er seine Aktivitäten im Vorfeld wie auch während der Olympischen Spiele auf. [less ▲]

BonAccord: un nouveau didacticiel de traduction semi-intelligent

in Bulletin Nouvelles Technologies et Education (1992), 7

Molecular biology of oncogenes and cardiovascular hypertrophy.

in Journal of hypertension (1992), 10(12), 1447-52

[Potassium restriction and essential hypertension].

in Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946) (1992), 117(35), 1341

COMPREHENSIVE SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS OF THE 182 PREDICTED OPEN READING FRAMES OF YEAST CHROMOSOME-III

in Protein Science: A Publication of the Protein Society (1992), 1(12), 1677-1690

With the completion of the first phase of the European yeast genome sequencing project, the complete DNA sequence of chromosome III of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has become available (Oliver, S.G., et al ... [more ▼]

With the completion of the first phase of the European yeast genome sequencing project, the complete DNA sequence of chromosome III of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has become available (Oliver, S.G., et al., 1992, Nature 357, 38-46). We have tested the predictive power of computer sequence analysis on the 176 probable protein products of this chromosome, after exclusion of six problem cases. When the results of database similarity searches are pooled with prior knowledge, a likely function can be assigned to 42% of the proteins, and a predicted three-dimensional structure to a third of these (140% of the total). The function of the remaining 58% remains to be determined. Of these, about one-third have one or more probable transmembrane segments. Among the most interesting proteins with predicted functions are a new member of the type X polymerase family, a transcription factor with an N-terminal DNA-binding domain related to GAL4, a ''fork head'' DNA-binding domain previously known only in Drosophila and in mammals, and a putative methyltransferase. Our analysis increased the number of known significant sequence similarities on chromosome III by 13, to now 67. Although the near 40% success rate of identifying unknown protein function by sequence analysis is surprisingly high, the information gap between known protein sequences and unknown function is expected to widen and become a major bottleneck of genome projects in the near future. Based on the experience gained in this test study, we suggest that the development of an automated computer workbench for protein sequence analysis must be an important item in genome projects. [less ▲]

Montesquieu face au mariage. Alliances matrimoniales entre noblesse de robe et négociants à Bordeaux au début du XVIIIe siècle

in Revue Historique de Bordeaux et du Département de la Gironde (1992), 34(2), 41-54

Neurokinin A-like immunoreactivity in articular afferents of the cat

in Brain Research (1992), 586

La loi du 5 août 1991 sur la protection de la concurrence économique

in Le droit des affaires = Het ondernemingsrecht (1992), 24

Die historische Bäderarchitektur des Ostseebades Sellin auf Rügen - wertvolles Kapitel für die Entwicklung des Fremdenverkehrs

in Greifswalder Beiträge zur Regional-, Freizeit- und Tourismusforschung (1992), 3

The Development of the Preverbal Markers in St-Louis-Creole: The Formation of a TMA-System

in Language Sciences (1992), 14(3), 233-247

St-Louis-Creole or Tayo is spoken by the people of the St-Louis tribe in New Caledonia. Our data stem from several months of fieldwork in 1989 and 1990 with some Melanesian families of the tribe. All the ... [more ▼]

St-Louis-Creole or Tayo is spoken by the people of the St-Louis tribe in New Caledonia. Our data stem from several months of fieldwork in 1989 and 1990 with some Melanesian families of the tribe. All the phrases and structures we quote in this article can be placed in a communicative and syntactic context. [less ▲]

SELECTION OF REPRESENTATIVE PROTEIN DATA SETS

in Protein Science: A Publication of the Protein Society (1992), 1(3), 409-417

The Protein Data Bank currently contains about 600 data sets of three-dimensional protein coordinates determined by X-ray crystallography or NMR. There is considerable redundancy in the data base, as many ... [more ▼]

The Protein Data Bank currently contains about 600 data sets of three-dimensional protein coordinates determined by X-ray crystallography or NMR. There is considerable redundancy in the data base, as many protein pairs are identical or very similar in sequence. However, statistical analyses of protein sequence-structure relations require nonredundant data. We have developed two algorithms to extract from the data base representative sets of protein chains with maximum coverage and minimum redundancy. The first algorithm focuses on optimizing a particular property of the selected proteins and works by successive selection of proteins from an ordered list and exclusion of all neighbors of each selected protein. The other algorithm aims at maximizing the size of the selected set and works by successive thinning out of clusters of similar proteins. Both algorithms are generally applicable to other data bases in which criteria of similarity can be defined and relate to problems in graph theory. The largest nonredundant set extracted from the current release of the Protein Data Bank has 155 protein chains. In this set, no two proteins have sequence similarity higher than a certain cutoff (30% identical residues for aligned subsequences longer than 80 residues), yet all structurally unique protein families are represented. Periodically updated lists of representative data sets are available by electronic mail from the file server "netserv @ embl-heidelberg.de." The selection may be useful in statistical approaches to protein folding as well as in the analysis and documentation of the known spectrum of three-dimensional protein structures. [less ▲]

Pestalozzi im internationalen Gespräch, Beiträge zu Leben, Werk und Wirkung Johann Heinrich Pestalozzis

in Paedagogica Historica (1992), 28

Psychophysical examination of pain induced by defined CO2 pulses applied to the nasal mucosa

in Pain (1992), 49(1), 53-60

Interactions between Earth and ocean tides

in Marées Terrestres Bulletin d'Informations (1992), 112

The methodology of mental stress testing in cardiovascular research.

in Circulation (1991), 83(Suppl II), 14-24

Many issues related to the selection, reliability, and validity of mental stress testing in cardiovascular research are discussed. Five categories of mental stress testing are distinguished: problem ... [more ▼]

Many issues related to the selection, reliability, and validity of mental stress testing in cardiovascular research are discussed. Five categories of mental stress testing are distinguished: problem-solving tasks, information-processing tasks, psychomotor tasks, affective conditions, and aversive or painful conditions. A series of practical and theoretical criteria are outlined for the selection of appropriate tests, and the measurement of a range of dependent variables is emphasized. The temporal stability of cardiovascular responses to mental stress tests is examined through an analysis of test-retest correlations (weighted for sample size) in 28 comparisons with intervals between sessions varying from 1 day to more than 1 year. Heart rate reactions to tasks show an average-weighted Z of 0.732 +/- 0.031 (r = 0.62), with Z = 0.575 +/- 0.034 (r = 0.52) for systolic blood pressure and Z = 0.313 +/- 0.035 (r = 0.30) for diastolic blood pressure. It is argued that the validity of mental stress tests can be judged in relation to several different aspects, specifically, methodological, ecological, diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic validities. The nature of these standards is described, and pertinent literature is presented. [less ▲]

Stress e disturbi cardiovasculari. Problemi metodologici nell'utilizo della tecnica dello stress mentale (Mental Stress Test)

in Medicina Psicosomatica (1991), 36

Endothelins: functional and autoradiographic studies in guinea pig trachea

in Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (1991), 258(1), 381-7

The presence of binding sites for [125I]endothelin-1 and the contractile activities of endothelins (ETs) and sarafotoxin S6b and the endothelin fragment ET(16-21) were investigated in guinea pig trachea ... [more ▼]

The presence of binding sites for [125I]endothelin-1 and the contractile activities of endothelins (ETs) and sarafotoxin S6b and the endothelin fragment ET(16-21) were investigated in guinea pig trachea. ETs and sarafotoxin S6b (0.1-100 nM) induced potent contractile responses in guinea pig trachea with EC50 values ranging from 1.57 to 12.97 nM. Epithelium removal increased the potencies of ET-1, ET-2 and S6b, but not that of ET-3, and maximal responses to ET-1 and ET-2 were also increased. Effects of epithelium removal were partially mimicked by phosphoramidon (10 microM), an enkephalinase inhibitor, suggesting that enkephalinase (EC.3.4.24.11.) is able to degrade ET-1 and ET-2. ET-3-induced contractions were not affected by phosphoramidon. Autoradiographic studies suggested the presence of at least two specific binding sites for [125]ET-1 in guinea pig airway smooth muscle. The correlation between Kd and EC50 values suggests that the binding sites identified in the airway smooth muscle represent functional receptors for ETs. ET(16-21) and ET(16-21)-NH2 were less potent agonists than the ETs in guinea pig trachea and 10 microM ET(16-21) was unable to inhibit [125I]ET-1 binding in guinea pig airway smooth muscle. Therefore, these results suggest that the C-terminal hexapeptide of ET-1 cannot be used to classify ET receptors in guinea pig trachea. [less ▲]

Evidence for the interaction of mast cell-degranulating peptide with pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins in mast cells

in European Journal of Pharmacology (1991), 207(3), 249-55

K(+)-channel blocker properties have been reported for mast cell-degranulating peptide (MCD) in the central nervous system, but its action mechanism in mast cells remains unknown. We studied the effect of ... [more ▼]

K(+)-channel blocker properties have been reported for mast cell-degranulating peptide (MCD) in the central nervous system, but its action mechanism in mast cells remains unknown. We studied the effect of MCD on the membrane potential of rat peritoneal mast cells using the fluorescent probe bis-oxonol. Unexpectedly, MCD induced a decrease in bis-oxonol fluorescence, in a rapid and then a slower phase, suggesting hyperpolarization of mast cells. Other K(+)-channel blockers, tetraethylammonium and 4-aminopyridine, did not significantly modify the bis-oxonol fluorescence and did not alter the effect of MCD. The late phase of bis-oxonol fluorescence decrease was inhibited by ouabain and by potassium deprivation, whereas histamine release was not affected. The first phase of putative hyperpolarization induced by MCD coincided with histamine release and with the generation of inositol polyphosphates. Prior treatment of the cells with pertussis toxin inhibited these effects of MCD. MCD stimulated the GTPase activity of purified G proteins (G0/Gi) in a concentration-dependent manner. These results indicate that the effect of MCD on mast cells is unrelated to K+ channels but that it is relevant to the activation of pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins leading to the activation of phospholipase C. A direct interaction of MCD with G proteins is proposed, which, unlike mastoparan, does not require positive cooperativity. [less ▲]

Anspruch und Wirklichkeit. Theodor W. Adornos Beitrag zur 'Rettung' Stefan Georges

in Castrvm peregrini : Zeitschrift für Literatur, Kunst- und Geistesgeschichte (1991), CXCVI-CXCVII

La propriété de Wiener

in Travaux Mathématiques (1991), 3

Validity of the interaction model of anger: Studies in management and competitive sport

in German Journal of Psychology (1991)

CRABP and the teratogenic effects of retinoids

in Trends in Genetics (1991), (7), 279-287

Analysen der Bedeutungsstrukturen alltagssprachlicher Emotionswörter: Grundzüge eines Verfahrens, exemplarische Anwendung, Implikationen für die Forschung zu spezifischen Emotionen

in Sprache und Kognition (1991), 10(2), 85-96

The paper presents a procedure that uses speech analysis to assess the meaning structures in natural-language emotion terms. It is noted that most psychological research on specific emotions is based on a ... [more ▼]

The paper presents a procedure that uses speech analysis to assess the meaning structures in natural-language emotion terms. It is noted that most psychological research on specific emotions is based on a structuring of the emotion domain provided by natural-language emotion terms, and that the vagueness and inconsistencies of natural-language emotion terms is frequently problematic. The proposed procedure assumes that the use of natural-language emotion terms in the attribution of emotions to self and others is guided by rules, that these rules can be reconstructed, and that the outcome of this reconstruction can be described as an (abstract) structure. The general procedure for obtaining these structures (explicit meaning structures) is described and illustrated with the German emotion term "Empoerung" (moral indignation). Then possible applications of the procedure and the explicit meaning structures are discussed: explicit meaning structures as (1) a reference point for intercultural emotion research, (2) as a starting point for differentiating empirical and pseudo-empirical questions, (3) for defining and operationalizing the object of research, and (4) for generating hypotheses on conditions, consequences, and possibilities of modifying specific emotions. [less ▲]

Geschlechtstypischer Dialektgebrauch. Anmerkungen zu einer empirischen Untersuchung von Geschwistern in der rheinischen Ortschaft Fritzdorf

in Rheinische Vierteljahrsblätter (1991), 55

Ärger lass nach - Ärger auf der Trainerbank

in Sportpsychologie (1991), 5(3), 14-17

Nicht nur Fußballspieler, sondern auch Trainer sind während eines Spiels emotional belastet. Im Leistungssport werden jedoch psychoregulative Fertigkeiten bisher meist nur von Sportlern gefordert. Im ... [more ▼]

Nicht nur Fußballspieler, sondern auch Trainer sind während eines Spiels emotional belastet. Im Leistungssport werden jedoch psychoregulative Fertigkeiten bisher meist nur von Sportlern gefordert. Im folgenden wird aus sportpsychologischer Sicht das Problem von Trainern mit Ärgersituationen umrissen und auf angemessene Umgangsweisen eingegangen. [less ▲]

Cultuurpedagogiek en kentheorie. Of: Waarom ook voor cultuurpedagogen niets zo praktisch is als een goede kennistheorie.

in Comenius (1991), 11(4), 397-411

Prévalence du diabète insulino-dépendant chez les enfants scolarisés de 6 a 16 ans en Lorraine

in Archives Françaises de Pédiatrie (1991), 48

Some Results of Heterogeneous Data Inversions for Oceanic Tides

in Journal of Geophysical Research (1991), 96(B12), 20267-20288

Activation of Gi-like proteins, a receptor-independent effect of kinins in mast cells

in Molecular Pharmacology (1991), 38(6), 816-22

The peptide hormones bradykinin and kallidin (Lys-bradykinin), as well as their analogues [des-Arg9]-bradykinin, a selective B1 agonist, [des-Arg9,Leu8]-bradykinin, a selective B1 antagonist, and [Thi5,8 ... [more ▼]

The peptide hormones bradykinin and kallidin (Lys-bradykinin), as well as their analogues [des-Arg9]-bradykinin, a selective B1 agonist, [des-Arg9,Leu8]-bradykinin, a selective B1 antagonist, and [Thi5,8,D-Phe7]-bradykinin and D-Arg0-[Hyp3,D-Phe7]-bradykinin, two selective B2 antagonists, induced rapid histamine release from purified rat peritoneal mast cells. In contrast, the N-terminal fragment bradykinin-(1-5) was inactive. These peptides also activate the GTPase activity of GTP-binding proteins (G proteins) (Go/Gi) purified from calf brain, with an order of potency identical to that observed on mast cells, [Thi5,8,D-Phe7]-bradykinin much greater than kallidin greater than bradykinin greater than D-Arg0-[Hyp3,D-Phe7]-bradykinin greater than [des-Arg9]-bradykinin greater than [des-Arg9,Leu8]-bradykinin greater than bradykinin-(1-5). This correlation suggested that G proteins are the targets of kinins in mast cells. Accordingly, the concomitant increase in inositol trisphosphates and release of histamine elicited by kinins were inhibited by pertussis toxin pretreatment of mast cells. The inhibitory effect of benzalkonium chloride showed that the G proteins involved belong to the Gi type. GTPase activity was measured in the supernatant of homogenized mast cells but not in the membranous fraction. This activity was stimulated by kinins and by the venom peptide mastoparan. The potency of peptides was similar to that observed with purified bovine G proteins. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis of mast cell supernatant revealed pertussis toxin-induced ADP-ribosylation of two proteins, in the Mr 41,000 and 40,000 range, i.e., similar to purified alpha-subunits of Gi1 and Gi2 or Gi3 subtypes. The data support the proposal that bradykinin and analogues act like mastoparan, substance P, and compound 48/80, interacting first with sialic acid residues of the cell surface and then with Gi-like proteins, inducing phospholipase C activation and intracellular calcium mobilization. [less ▲]

Central projections of trigeminal primary afferents innervating the nasal mucosa: a horseradish peroxidase study in the rat

in Neuroscience (1991), 41(2-3), 617-628

Performance Analysis of the Total Least Squares ESPRIT Algorithm

in IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing (1991), SP-39

Incidence of insulin dependent diabetes in children of school age in Lorraine

in Archives Françaises de Pédiatrie (1991), 48(3), 228

[No abstract available]

M2 World Ocean Tide from Tide Gauge Measurements

in Geophysical Research Letters (1991), 18(6), 1167-1170

Mortalité par accident dans les mines de charbon en Belgique aux XIXe-XXe siècles

in Revue du Nord (1991), LXXIII, 293

Controlled noxious chemical stimuation: reponses of rat trigeminal brainstem neurons to CO2 pulses applied to the naal mucosa

in Neuroscience Letters (1991), 123(2), 208-211

Modelle der dreimodalen Faktorenanalyse: formale Eigenschaften, theoretische Zusammenhänge und ihre Implikationen für das Konzept individueller Differenzen

in Psychologische Beiträge (1991), 133

The present paper is concerned with methods of three-mode factor analysis to obtain a dimensional representation of three-way data. Classifying the methods by the number of derived spaces and their ... [more ▼]

The present paper is concerned with methods of three-mode factor analysis to obtain a dimensional representation of three-way data. Classifying the methods by the number of derived spaces and their interrelations yields two distinct classes of models: CANDECOMP (Carroll & Chang, 1970), PARAFAC (Harshman, 1976) and SUMMAX (Orlik, 1980) rest on a basic trilinear decornposition of the data defining a separate space for each mode, whereas Tucker's (1964a thrce-mode factor analysis and SUMMA X in its extended form use a quadeilinear model specifying an additional core matrix. Associated with the current classification are different properties of the two model classes which refer to the number of substantial dimensions, their interpretation and the orientation of dimensions which is subject to rotations within the quadrilinear dass and uniquely determined by trilinear methods. Considering the different characteristics of the methods, formal relations between the classes have been found under very restrictive conditions only. However, there exist some general connections between trilinear and quadrilinear models. CANDECOMP and PARAFAC derive from the trilinear SUMMAX model by rescaling and permutation of axes, and the methodological link between the Tucker model and SUMMAX is given by orthogonal rotations of the SUMMAX configuration. These relationships are shown in an empirical example and their implications for the distinct concepts of individual differences within the two classes of methods are discussed. [less ▲]

Pax: a murine multigene family of paired box-containing genes.

in Genomics (1991), 11(2), 424-34

A murine multigene family has been identified that shares a conserved sequence motif, the paired box, with developmental control and tissue-specific genes of Drosophila. To date five murine paired box ... [more ▼]

A murine multigene family has been identified that shares a conserved sequence motif, the paired box, with developmental control and tissue-specific genes of Drosophila. To date five murine paired box-containing genes (Pax genes) have been described and one, Pax-1, has been associated with the developmental mutant phenotype undulated. Here we describe the paired boxes of three novel Pax genes, Pax-4, Pax-5, and Pax-6. Comparison of the eight murine paired domains of the mouse, the five Drosophila paired domains, and the three human paired domains shows that they fall into six distinct classes: class I comprises Pox meso, Pax-1, and HuP48; class II paired, gooseberry-proximal, gooseberry-distal, Pax-3, Pax-7, HuP1, and HuP2; class III Pax-2, Pax-5, and Pax-8; class IV Pax-4; class V Pox neuro; and class VI Pax-6. Pax-1 and the human gene HuP48 have identical paired domains, as do Pax-3 and HuP2 as well as Pax-7 and HuP1, and are likely to represent homologous genes in mouse and man. Identical intron-exon structure and extensive sequence homology of their paired boxes suggest that several Pax genes represent paralogs. The chromosomal location of all novel Pax genes and of Pax-3 and Pax-7 has been determined and reveals that they are not clustered. [less ▲]

Substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivity in primary afferent neurons of the cat`s knee joint

in Neuroscience (1991), 45