A role for mel-18, a Polycomb group-related vertebrate gene, during theanteroposterior specification of the axial skeleton.

in Development (1996), 122(5), 1513-22

Segment identity in both invertebrates and vertebrates is conferred by spatially restricted distribution of homeotic gene products. In Drosophila, the expression of Homeobox genes during embryogenesis is ... [more ▼]

Segment identity in both invertebrates and vertebrates is conferred by spatially restricted distribution of homeotic gene products. In Drosophila, the expression of Homeobox genes during embryogenesis is initially induced by segmentation gene products and then maintained by Polycomb group and Trithorax group gene products. Polycomb group gene homologs are conserved in vertebrates. Murine mel-18 and closely related bmi-1 are homologous to posterior sex combs and suppressor two of zeste. Mel-18 protein mediates a transcriptional repression via direct binding to specific DNA sequences. To gain further insight into the function of Mel-18, we have inactivated the mel-18 locus by homologous recombination. Mice lacking mel-18 survive to birth and die around 4 weeks after birth after exhibiting strong growth retardation. Similar to the Drosophila posterior sex combs mutant, posterior transformations of the axial skeleton were reproducibly observed in mel-18 mutants. The homeotic transformations were correlated with ectopic expression of Homeobox cluster genes along the anteroposterior axis in the developing paraxial mesoderm. Surprisingly, mel-18-deficient phenotypes are reminiscent of bmi-1 mutants. These results indicate that the vertebrate Polycomb group genes mel-18 and bmi-1, like Drosophila Polycomb group gene products, might play a crucial role in maintaining the silent state of Homeobox gene expression during paraxial mesoderm development. [less ▲]

Dewey in Europe: A Case-Study on the International Dimensions of the Turn-of-the-Century Educational Reform.

in American Journal of Education (1996), 105(1), 1-26

Propagation Delay Estimation in Asynchronous Direct-Sequence Code-Division Multiple Access Systems

in IEEE Transactions on Communications (1996), 44(1), 8493

Modèles pour le contenu des tâches d’assemblage de faces géométriques et difficulté des items

in Psychologie Française (1996), 41

Deux modèles théoriques pour décrire l'univers des configurations à quatre faces et deux couleurs dans une tâche d'assemblage de type Kohs sont proposés. Le premier se base sur les relations qui existent ... [more ▼]

Deux modèles théoriques pour décrire l'univers des configurations à quatre faces et deux couleurs dans une tâche d'assemblage de type Kohs sont proposés. Le premier se base sur les relations qui existent entre les faces et le second sur les caractéristiques distinctives entre les items. L'isomorphisme entre les deux modèles est souligné. Le modèle relationnel explique 49% et le modèle en saillance 42% de la variance de la difficulté des 1296 items de l'univers, déterminée par une recherche empirique avec des enfants et des étudiants. L'utilité des deux modèles est discutée. [less ▲]

Tidal Gravity Measurements in Southeast Asia

in Marées Terrestres Bulletin d'Informations (1996), (125), 9493-9507

Der Reminiszenzfragebogen: Skalenkonstruktion und teststatistische Überprüfung.

in Focus Diagnostica (1996), 42(2)

Jugend und Politik

in Jugendhilfe Report (1996), (2), 35-35

La convertibilité des monnaies en Afrique Subsaharienne hors zone franc

in Mondes en Développement (1996), 24(94), 71-84

The response of the Earth to tidal body forces described by second-and third-degree spherical harmonics as derived from a 12 year series of measurements with the superconducting gravimeter GWR/T3 in Brussels

in Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors (1996), 93(3), 223-238

L´Agglomération Transfrontalière du Pôle Européen de Développement (PED) Longwy-Rodange-Athus. Expériences et perspectives d´un programme trinational de restructuration économique.

in Revue Géographique de l'Est (1996), 1996(2), 133-150

GeneCrunch and Europort, examples for Hierarchical Supercomputing at Silicon Graphics

in WWW-publication (1996)

The SGI POWER CHALLENGEarray TM represents a hierarchical supercomputer because it combines distributed and shared memory technology. We present two projects, Europort and GeneCrunch, that took advantage ... [more ▼]

The SGI POWER CHALLENGEarray TM represents a hierarchical supercomputer because it combines distributed and shared memory technology. We present two projects, Europort and GeneCrunch, that took advantage of such a configuration. In Europort we performed scalability demonstrations up to 64 processors with applications relevant to the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. GeneCrunch, a project in bioinformatics, performed an analysis of the whole yeast genome using the software system GeneQuiz. This project showcased the future demands of HPC in pharmaceutical industries in tackling analysis of fast growing volumes of sequence information. GeneQuiz, an automated software system for large-scale genome analysis developed at the EMBL /EBI , aims at predicting the function of new genes by using an automated, rigorous, rule-based system to process the results of sequence analysis and database searches to build databases of annotations and predictions. In GeneCrunch more than 6,000 proteins from baker's yeast, for which the complete genomic sequence was completed in 1996, were analyzed on a SGI® POWER CHALLENGEarray with 64 processors (R8000® at 90MHz) in three days rather than the seven months predicted for a normal workstation [less ▲]

Responsivity Enhancement of InGaAs Based MSM Photodetectors Using 2DEG Layer Sequence and Semitransparent Electrodes

in Electronics Letters (1996), 32

The optoelectronic behaviour of InGaAs based metalsemiconductor-metal photodetectors with semitransparent electrodes is investigated. The devices with 50 x 50 um2 area and interdigitated electrodes with ... [more ▼]

The optoelectronic behaviour of InGaAs based metalsemiconductor-metal photodetectors with semitransparent electrodes is investigated. The devices with 50 x 50 um2 area and interdigitated electrodes with 2um finger-spacing and finger-width exhibit a dark current density less than 10pA/um2, a breakdown voltage of 45V and a saturation capacitance of 30fF. A DC responsivity of 0.61A/W and a –3dB bandwidth of 8.5GHz were achieved. The electric potential distribution is modified by a 2DEG inserted in the layer structure leading, to improved bandwidth. [less ▲]

Pax genes and skeletal development.

in Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (1996), 785

Comparative use of muscle relaxants and their reversal in three European countries: a survey in France, Germany and Great Britain

in European Journal of Anaesthesiology (1996), 13

A survey was conducted among British, French and German anaesthetists to evaluate possible national differences in the peri-operative use of muscle relaxants and their reversal agents. The same non ... [more ▼]

A survey was conducted among British, French and German anaesthetists to evaluate possible national differences in the peri-operative use of muscle relaxants and their reversal agents. The same non-depolarizing relaxants are used in all three countries, with the exception of d-tubocurarine, which is only available in Great Britain, and alcuronium which is mainly used in Germany. The French anaesthetists seem to use significantly less succinylcholine than their peers in Great Britain or Germany for both elective and emergency intubation. Monitoring of neuromuscular blockade still relies mainly on "clinical judgement'. Reversal of non-depolarizing muscle relaxants is performed routinely in Great Britain, while a substantial number of French anaesthetists avoid the use of a reversal. Dose regimes for neostigmine vary largely, with German anaesthetists administering the lowest, and British anaesthetists administering the highest doses. Side effects of reversal agents are reported by colleagues from all three countries in too high a percentage to justify uncritical administration of these drugs. In Germany there seems to be a noteworthy lack of recovery facilities. [less ▲]

Messung des Selbstwertgefühls: Befunde zu Reliabilität, Validität und Stabilität der Rosenberg-Skala.

in Focus Diagnostica (1996), 42(3)

Wirtschaftsverkehr. Stadtlogistik zum öffentlichen Thema machen!

in Informationen zur Raumentwicklung (1996), (7/8), 417-436

The HSSP database of protein structure sequence alignments

in Nucleic Acids Research (1996), 24(1), 201-205

HSSP is a derived database merging structural three dimensional (3-D) and sequence one dimensional (1-D) information. For each protein of known 3-D structure from the Protein Data Bank (PDB), the database ... [more ▼]

HSSP is a derived database merging structural three dimensional (3-D) and sequence one dimensional (1-D) information. For each protein of known 3-D structure from the Protein Data Bank (PDB), the database has a multiple sequence alignment of all available homologues and a sequence profile characteristic of the family. The list of homologues is the result of a database search in Swissprot using a position-weighted dynamic programming method for sequence profile alignment (MaxHom). The database is updated frequently. The listed homologues are very likely to have the same 3-D structure as the PDB protein to which they have been aligned. As a result, the database is not only a database of aligned sequence families, but also a database of implied secondary and tertiary structures covering 27% of all Swissprotstored sequences. [less ▲]

A reading of Troubadour insult songs: the Comunals cycle

in Reading Medieval Studies (1996), XXII

An analysis of a cycle of aggressive songs by troubadours.

Ein Brief über den »Phöbus«. Adam Müller an den Verleger Reimer, 23.1.1801

in Brandenburger Kleist-Blätter (1996), 6

Comparison of recent ocean tide models using ground-based tidal gravity measurements

in Marine Geodesy (1996), 19(4), 291-330

Pax genes and sclerotome induction

in Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology (1996), (7), 129-136

The Impact of Timing Errors on the Performance of Linear DS-CDMA Receivers

in IEEE Journal on Selected Areas In Communications (1996), 14(8), 16601668

«Orphée à l'écran: un défi représentatif (avec Sabine Hillen)»

in Canadian Review of Comparative Literature = Revue Canadienne de Littérature Comparée (1996)

Von Knick- und Ringelschwänzen - Mäuse als Modellorganismus

in Forschung-Mitteilungen der DFG (1996), (2), 13-14

Pax1 is expressed during development of the thymus epithelium and is required for normal T-cell maturation.

in Development (1996), 122(1), 23-30

Pax1 is a transcriptional regulatory protein expressed during mouse embryogenesis and has been shown to have an important function in vertebral column development. Expression of Pax1 mRNA in the embryonic ... [more ▼]

Pax1 is a transcriptional regulatory protein expressed during mouse embryogenesis and has been shown to have an important function in vertebral column development. Expression of Pax1 mRNA in the embryonic thymus has been reported previously. Here we show that Pax1 protein expression in thymic epithelial cells can be detected throughout thymic development and in the adult. Expression starts in the early endodermal epithelium lining the foregut region and includes the epithelium of the third pharyngeal pouch, a structure giving rise to part of the thymus epithelium. In early stages of thymus development a large proportion of thymus cells expresses Pax1. With increasing age, the proportion of Pax1-expressing cells is reduced and in the adult mouse only a small fraction of cortical thymic stromal cells retains strong Pax1 expression. Expression of Pax1 in thymus epithelium is necessary for establishing the thymus microenvironment required for normal T cell maturation. Mutations in the Pax-1 gene in undulated mice affect not only the total size of the thymus but also the maturation of thymocytes. The number of thymocytes is reduced about 2- to 5-fold, affecting mainly the CD4+8+ immature and CD4+ mature thymocyte subsets. The expression levels of major thymocyte surface markers remains unchanged with the exception of Thy-1 which was found to be expressed at 3- to 4-fold higher levels. [less ▲]

Estimation of Nominal Direction of Arrival and Angular Spread Using an Array of Sensors

in Signal Processing (1996), 50(1-2), 5769

SzLB – Skala zur Lebensbewertung (SLB).

in Zeitschrift für Differentielle und Diagnostische Psychologie (1996), 17(3)

Die Polizei im Umgang mit Fremden - Problemlagen, Belastungssituationen und Übergriffe

in Fremdenfeindlichkeit in der Polizei? Schriftenreihe der Polizei-Führungsakademie (1996), (1/2), 9-165

Bespreking van Max Velthuis, Kikker is verliefd.

in Comenius (1996), 16

Cytotoxicity-dependent APO-1 (Fas/CD95)-associated proteins form a death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) with the receptor

in EMBO Journal (1996), 14(22), 5579-88

APO-1 (Fas/CD95), a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, induces apoptosis upon receptor oligomerization. In a search to identify intracellular signaling molecules coupling to ... [more ▼]

APO-1 (Fas/CD95), a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, induces apoptosis upon receptor oligomerization. In a search to identify intracellular signaling molecules coupling to oligomerized APO-1, several cytotoxicity-dependent APO-1-associated proteins (CAP) were immunoprecipitated from the apoptosis-sensitive human leukemic T cell line HUT78 and the lymphoblastoid B cell line SKW6.4. CAP1-3 (27-29 kDa) and CAP4 (55 kDa), instantly detectable after the crosslinking of APO-1, were associated only with aggregated (the signaling form of APO-1) and not with monomeric APO-1. CAP1 and CAP2 were identified as serine phosphorylated MORT1/FADD. The association of CAP1-4 with APO-1 was not observed with C-terminally truncated non-signaling APO-1. In addition, CAP1 and CAP2 did not associate with an APO-1 cytoplasmic tail carrying the lprcg amino acid replacement. Moreover, no APO-1-CAP association was found in the APO-1+, anti-APO-1-resistant pre-B cell line Boe. Our data suggest that in vivo CAP1-4 are the APO-1 apoptosis-transducing molecules. [less ▲]

The Relative Abundance of Brotheas amazonicus (Chactidae, Scorpiones) in Different Habitat Types of a Central Amazon Rainforest

in Journal of Arachnology (1996), 24(1), 34-38

Umweltmanagement. Neue Ansätze durch EG-Öko-Audit und DIN-ISO 14001.

in Internationales Verkehrswesen (1996), 48(9), 39-44

Notice «Vladimir Nabokov»

in Voir (1996)

Estrogen effects in the heart.

in Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (1996), 160-161

Gender specific differences in cardiovascular disease are largely mediated by sex hormones. The use of estrogens significantly reduces the overall incidence of heart disease in postmenopausal women ... [more ▼]

Gender specific differences in cardiovascular disease are largely mediated by sex hormones. The use of estrogens significantly reduces the overall incidence of heart disease in postmenopausal women. Beneficial effects of estrogens on plasma lipoprotein levels are clearly established. However, these do not explain the magnitude of risk reduction seen in clinical studies. Thus additional and currently unknown functions of estrogens must be operative. Elucidation of the exact estrogen action in the heart will have important implications in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. It will probably enhance the therapeutic repertoire in treating heart disease, the most common cause of death in industrialized countries. We will review the current understanding of the function of estrogens in the heart and discuss potential strategies on how to apply these data to clinical practice. [less ▲]

Divergent sequence motifs correlated with the substrate specificity of (methyl)malonyl-CoA:acyl carrier protein transacylase domains in modular polyketide synthases.

in FEBS Letters (1995), 374(2), 246-248

The amino acid sequences of a large number of polyketide synthase domains that catalyse the transacylation of either methylmalonyl-CoA or malonyl-CoA onto acyl carrier protein (ACP) have been compared ... [more ▼]

The amino acid sequences of a large number of polyketide synthase domains that catalyse the transacylation of either methylmalonyl-CoA or malonyl-CoA onto acyl carrier protein (ACP) have been compared. Regions were identified in which the acyltransferase sequences diverged according to whether they were specific for malonyl-CoA or methylmalonyl-CoA. These differences are sufficiently clear to allow unambiguous assignment of newly-sequenced acyltransferase domains in modular polyketide synthases. Comparison with the recently-determined structure of the malonyltransferase from Escherichia coli fatty acid synthase showed that the divergent region thus identified lies near the acyltransferase active site, though not close enough to make direct contact with bound substrate. [less ▲]

Identiteit, cultuur en opvoeding. Impressies van het vierde congres van het International Network of Philosophers of Education

in Pedagogisch Tijdschrift: Forum voor Opvoedkunde (1995), 20(1), 57-64

Characterization of the ordered weighted averaging operators

in IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems (1995), 3(2), 236-240

This paper deals with the characterization of two classes of monotonic and neutral (MN) aggregation operators. The first class corresponds to (MN) aggregators which are stable for the same positive linear ... [more ▼]

This paper deals with the characterization of two classes of monotonic and neutral (MN) aggregation operators. The first class corresponds to (MN) aggregators which are stable for the same positive linear transformations and presents the ordered linkage property. The second class deals with (MN)-idempotent aggregators which are stable for positive linear transformations with the same unit, independent zeroes and ordered values. These two classes correspond to the weighted ordered averaging operator (OWA) introduced by Yager in 1988. It is also shown that the OWA aggregator can be expressed as a Choquet integral. [less ▲]

On the institutional determinants of economic development. Lessons from a stochastic neoclassical growth model

in Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftswissenschaften / Review of Economics (1995)

Staatsgewalt und Kindsmord: zum sozialphilosophischen Hintergrund von Pestalozzis Schrift: "Über Gesetzgebung und Kindermord" (1780/83)

in Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Bildungswissenschaften = Rivista svizzera di scienze dell'educazione = Revue suisse des sciences de l'education (1995), (1), 34-35

Structure of the human APO-1 gene

in European Journal of Immunology (1995), 24(12), 3057-62

APO-1/Fas (CD95) is a type 1 transmembrane protein that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor/nerve growth factor receptor family characterized by cysteine-rich extracellular domains. Cross-linking of APO ... [more ▼]

APO-1/Fas (CD95) is a type 1 transmembrane protein that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor/nerve growth factor receptor family characterized by cysteine-rich extracellular domains. Cross-linking of APO-1 mediates apoptosis in a variety of cells. In the present study we report the isolation and characterization of the human APO-1 gene spanning approximately 25 kb of human chromosome 10. The gene consists of nine exons (25 bp to > 1.44 kb) separated by eight introns (152 bp to approximately 12 kb). The boundaries of exon 2 to 5 encoding the extracellular region do not match the boundaries of the three APO-1 protein subdomains. Exon structure and functional protein domains correspond for exon 6 encoding the transmembrane region and for exon 9 encoding the "death domain". By a polymerase chain reaction-based approach we localized major transcriptional start sites in human spleen cells 77 and 73 nucleotides upstream of the translation initiation codon of the human APO-1 gene. Minor initiation sites were found at positions -128, -111, -91, and -74. The 5' flanking sequence of the human APO-1 gene is GC rich, contains a high number of CpG dinucleotides and lacks a consensus TATA box. Consensus binding sites for the transcription factors Sp1, AP-1, AP-2, GAF, NF-kappa B, and NF-AT were found. The elucidation of the human APO-1 gene structure will facilitate the study of its involvement in various diseases such as in autoimmunity. [less ▲]

Contributions de l’Union européenne à l’intégration régionale en Afrique subsaharienne : quelles spécificités ?

in Mondes en Développement (1995), 23(92), 43-56

The aim of this article is to observe the different bearings of the European Union contributions to the economic regional integration in subsaharan Africa. As the European Union is itself a regional ... [more ▼]

The aim of this article is to observe the different bearings of the European Union contributions to the economic regional integration in subsaharan Africa. As the European Union is itself a regional integration, it can be of some help in a debate dominated by the World Bank. The European Union gives more importance to the financement of projects with regional charachteristic than any others partners and doing so gives a full dimension to the support of the European developpement for regional inegration. The support perspectives to regional inegration seem to go towards an important commitment for regional programs, such as the project of budgetary convergence in West Africa. [less ▲]

[Molecular adaptation of the heart to hypertension].

in Zeitschrift fur Kardiologie (1995), 84 Suppl 4

Because myocardial hypertrophy is an independent risk factor for sudden death and cardiac failure, it is important to understand its molecular mechanisms to be able to devise new treatment strategies in ... [more ▼]

Because myocardial hypertrophy is an independent risk factor for sudden death and cardiac failure, it is important to understand its molecular mechanisms to be able to devise new treatment strategies in the future. Stretch is the putative primary stimulus triggering hypertrophy. Further signal transduction steps such as auto- and paracrine secretion of growth factors or transmission via the cytoskeleton are beginning to be unravelled. Subsequent to hypertrophic stimuli some important proteins undergo an isoform switch; questitatively, however, the most important step is an increase in translational capacity for each mRNA. Myocardial specific gene expression is achieved by coordinate interaction of several transcription factors, some of which may be involved in nuclear transmission of hypertrophic signals. One of the genes capable of transmitting hypertrophic signals is the "early growth response gene-1 (Egr-1)". We have also shown that nuclear estrogen receptors act as transcription factors in the myocardium and may therefore be involved in the sex-specific modulation of cardiac hypertrophy. At present, pharmacological interventions aiming at reduction of hypertrophy by interfering with the signal transduction pathway from the membrane to the nucleus are actively being sought. These transduction pathways are composed of a series of proteinkinases which may be amenable to drugs. In the future, gene transfer may become an option for treatment. [less ▲]

Le gouvernement allemand, la fidélité fédérale, et la loyauté communautaire. Enseignements de l'arrêt du Bundesverfassungsgericht du 22 mars 1995 sur la directive « télévision sans frontières »

in Europe (1995), 6

Calcitonin gene-related peptide immunreaktive Nervenfasern in der Dura mater der Ratte. Experimente zur neurogenen Entzündung der Hirnhäute.

in Der Schmerz (1995), 9(1), 20-28

Une communauté sur le déclin? Les marchands hollandais à Bordeaux, 1650 - 1715

in Bulletin du Centre d'Histoire des Espaces Atlantiques (1995), 7

Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in primary afferents of the medial articular nerve and colocalization with substance P in the cat

in Journal of Comparative Neurology (1995), 354

Morphine, 5-HT 2 and 5-HT 3 recpror antagonists reduce c-Fos expresion in the trigeminal nuclear complex follwing noxious chemical stimulation of the rat nasal mucosa

in Brain Research (1995), 676(2), 336-342

CHALLENGING TIMES FOR BIOINFORMATICS

in Nature (1995), 376(6542), 647-648

The Imagination of a Radical Democracy. Een interview met Henry Giroux.

in Comenius (1995), 15(2), 194-205

Calcitonin gene-related peptide released from dural nerve fibers mediates increase of meningeal blood flow in the rat.

in Canadian Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology (1995)