Welches Wissen ist am meisten wert? Zur Veränderung des öffentlichen Status von Wissenschaft und Wissen im Feld der Erziehung

in Schäfer, A.; Thompson, C. (Eds.) Wissen. (2011)

Welcome or not? – Natives’ security feelings, attachment and attitudes toward acculturation of immigrants

in International Journal of Intercultural Relations (2019), 69

Cultural diversity due to immigration has become a key topic in many societies today. The question of how the native population experiences these developments is of prime importance for intercultural ... [more ▼]

Cultural diversity due to immigration has become a key topic in many societies today. The question of how the native population experiences these developments is of prime importance for intercultural relations and sets the base for acculturation of immigrants. Drawing on attachment and multiculturalism research, we supposed here that general and specific feelings of security might be related to more positive attitudes toward cultural diversity, whereas feelings of threat might be related to less openness. More precisely, the present study investigated how natives’ general attachment (secure or fearful) as well as their specific feelings of (cultural or economic) security might be related to their expectations about acculturation of immigrants in the multicultural context of Luxembourg. The sample included N = 134 Luxembourg nationals with an average age of M = 45.02 (SD = 17.41) who filled out an online questionnaire. Results revealed that self-reported fearful general attachment was positively related to more unwelcoming acculturation orientations. Relations between general attachment and acculturation orientations were mediated by feelings of cultural security, which had strong effects on host nationals’ (un)welcoming acculturation orientations over and above general attachment. Findings suggest that (un)welcoming orientations toward immigrants, entailing openness for cultural contact and exchange, are related to feelings of cultural and economic security which are partly biased by a general secure or fearful attachment. Feelings of security seem thus to provide a secure base for tolerance and openness to cultural diversity which are needed in order to deal successfully with the challenges of today’s multicultural societies. [less ▲]

WELDING COPPER TO ALUMINIUM WITH GREEN LASER WAVELENGTH OF 515 NM

Scientific Conference (2020, October 19)

Joining copper and aluminum sheets is difficult because of brittle intermetallic phases (IMP) formed in the joint, which results in reduced performance. The traditional approach to overcome this issue is ... [more ▼]

Joining copper and aluminum sheets is difficult because of brittle intermetallic phases (IMP) formed in the joint, which results in reduced performance. The traditional approach to overcome this issue is to irradiate the laser beam from Aluminum (Al) to control the weld depth and mixing of Cu in Al. The laser welding approach from the copper side (Cu on top) to Al is very sparse in the literature. In this paper, the welding approach from copper (top sheet) to aluminum is studied with green laser (515 nm) due to improved absorption at this wavelength. The objective of irradiating the laser beam from the copper side (Cu on top) is to exploit the higher solubility of Al in Cu (about 18%), which is significantly higher than Cu in Al. Therefore more Cu and Al can be melted and mixed in the joint for copper sheet placed on the top. From the tensile shear test, a strong joint is obtained with a fracture on the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of Al. Detailed microstructure and composition of Al and Cu in the joint is performed by Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) to investigate the composition in the joint. The EDS analysis indicates that a large amount of beneficial Cu solid solution and Al-rich phases is formed in the joint. The detrimental phases are intermixed in between the ductile phase composition i.e Al-rich and Cu solid solution. Therefore the effect of detrimental intermetallic phases is mitigated by intermixing with large ductile phases. With this paper, the fusion welding approach for joining Cu and Al system with a significant level of Cu and Al melting is shown. [less ▲]

The welfare impact of global migration in OECD countries

in Journal of International Economics (2016), 101

This paper quantifies the effect of global migration on the welfare of non-migrant OECD citizens. We develop an integrated, multi-country model that accounts for the interactions between the labor market ... [more ▼]

This paper quantifies the effect of global migration on the welfare of non-migrant OECD citizens. We develop an integrated, multi-country model that accounts for the interactions between the labor market, fiscal, and market size effects of migration, as well as for trade relations between countries. The model is calibrated to match the economic and demographic characteristics of the 34 OECD countries and the rest of the world, as well as trade flows between them in the year 2010. We show that recent migration flows have been beneficial for 69% of the non-migrant OECD population, and for 83% of non-migrant citizens of the 22 richest OECD countries. Winners are mainly residing in traditional immigration countries; their gains are substantial and are essentially due to the entry of immigrants from non-OECD countries. Although labor market and fiscal effects are non-negligible in some countries, the greatest source of gain comes from the market size effect, i.e. the change in the variety of goods available to consumers. [less ▲]

The welfare impacts of an immigration amnesty: how drastic could they be?

Scientific Conference (2015, December 11)

Welfare Regimes, Cohorts and the Middle Classes

in Gornick, Janet C.; Jäntti, Markus (Eds.) Income Inequality : Economic Disparities and the Middle Class in Affluent Countries (2013)

The welfare state and anti-poverty policy in rich countries

in Atkinson, A.B.; Bourguignon, F. (Eds.) Handbook of Income Distribution (2015)

Welfare States, Housing Markets and Millennials: Inhibited Transitions into Adulthood

in Ronald, Richard; Arundel, Rowan (Eds.) Families, Housing and Property Wealth in a Neoliberal World (2022)

Why has ‘adulting’ – attaining traditional life-cycle milestones such as exit from the parental home, partnering, and parenting – recently become so hard for the millenniali cohort to attain in high ... [more ▼]

Why has ‘adulting’ – attaining traditional life-cycle milestones such as exit from the parental home, partnering, and parenting – recently become so hard for the millenniali cohort to attain in high-income OECD countries? Changes to housing and housing policy are a central but often neglected component in answering this question. The intensification of privatization, commodification, and financialization of housing in recent decades reflect shifts in welfare states away from policies that enabled previous adult cohorts to meet life-cycle milestones, and towards policies that now undermine contemporary young adults in reaching those milestones. The popular label ‘Generation Rent’, mentioned throughout this book, captures this general trend across higher-income OECD countries. In response, families in various contexts have increasingly mobilized themselves around the accumulation and circulation of housing property as they seek to reach those milestones while protecting themselves from new social and economic uncertainties. Differences in personal and family resources across the millennial generation, however, produce considerable internal heterogeneity within that cohort. Indeed, not all millennials fall into Generation Rent. In this chapter we address the common housing market trends across OECD countries that stem from changes in welfare state polices, arguing that these developments account for much of the difficulties facing the millennial cohort. [less ▲]

Welfare, Inequality and Financial Consequences of a Multi-pillar Pension System

E-print/Working paper (2010)

The distributional impact of the structural pension reform in Latin American countries has been largely absent in the economic debate. However, this reform may widen inequality in old-age and reduce ... [more ▼]

The distributional impact of the structural pension reform in Latin American countries has been largely absent in the economic debate. However, this reform may widen inequality in old-age and reduce welfare. In this paper we study the consequences of implementing a multi-pillar system in one of these countries. We take advantage of available administrative records for Peruvian workers to estimate inequality in pensions, pension debt and welfare. Overall, our results show that the pension debt and inequality can be substantially reduced without welfare losses. [less ▲]

Well Conditioned and Optimally Convergent Extended Finite Elements and Vector Level Sets for Three-Dimensional Crack Propagation

Scientific Conference (2016, June)

A three-dimensional (3D) version of the vector level set method [1] is combined to a well conditioned and optimally convergent XFEM variant in order to deal with non-planar three dimensional crack ... [more ▼]

A three-dimensional (3D) version of the vector level set method [1] is combined to a well conditioned and optimally convergent XFEM variant in order to deal with non-planar three dimensional crack propagation problems. The proposed computational fracture method achieves optimal convergence rates by using tip enriched elements in a fixed volume around the crack front (geometrical enrichment) while keeping conditioning of the resulting system matrices in acceptable levels. Conditioning is controlled by using a three dimensional extension of the degree of freedom gathering technique [2]. Moreover, blending errors are minimized and conditioning is further improved by employing weight function blending and enrichment function shifting [3,4]. As far as crack representation is concerned, crack surfaces are represented by linear quadrilateral elements and the corresponding crack fronts by ordered series of linear segments. Level set values are obtained by projecting points at the crack surface and front respectively. Different criteria are employed in order to assess the quality of the crack representation. References [1] Ventura G., Budyn E. and Belytschko T. Vector level sets for description of propagating cracks in finite elements. Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng. 58:1571-1592 (2003). [2] Laborde P., Pommier J., Renard Y. and Salaün M. High-order extended finite element method for cracked domains. Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng. 64:354-381 (2005). [3] Fries T.P. A corrected XFEM approximation without problems in blending elements. Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng. 75:503-532 (2008). [4] Ventura G., Gracie R. and Belytschko T. Fast integration and weight function blending in the extended finite element method. Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng. 77:1-29 (2009). [less ▲]