Die USA als neusachliches Schreckgespenst. Adolf Halfelds "Amerika und der Amerikanismus"

in Vogt, Jochen; Stephan, Alexander (Eds.) Das Amerika der Autoren. Von Kafka bis 09/11 (2005)

Usability meets assessment: Equal chances in education

in World Usability Day 2011 (2011)

Usability-lab and Intranet websites evaluation: methodological and organisational issues

Poster (2006, July)

L’usage du téléphone portable dans L’Appel de l’Ange de Guillaume Musso et Fuir de Jean-Philippe Toussaint. Réflexion et analyse de notre société globale contemporaine

in Deregnoncourt, Marine; Roudier, Luce (Eds.) Mauvais goût, mauvais genre ? (2017, December 21)

Usage public normalisé ou anormal: Kant et les Lumières face à Jeffrey Stout

in Ruffing, Margit; Grapotte, Sophie; Lequan, Mai (Eds.) Kant: L’année 1784: Droit et philosophie de l’histoire (2017, October)

Dans “Réponse à la question: Qu’est-ce que les Lumières?”, Kant se donne pour tâche de garantir “la plus inoffensive de toutes les libertés, celle de faire publiquement usage de sa raison en toutes ... [more ▼]

Dans “Réponse à la question: Qu’est-ce que les Lumières?”, Kant se donne pour tâche de garantir “la plus inoffensive de toutes les libertés, celle de faire publiquement usage de sa raison en toutes choses” et, par là même, de fonder le progrès des lumières dans un discours public de type normalisé. La démarche de Kant se révèle normalisante dans la mesure où elle “rend commensurable toute contribution au discours dans un domaine” (Jeffrey Stout, Ethics After Babel, p. 294, ma traduction): dans l’usage public, tout interlocuteur part d’un vocabulaire épuré, “à titre de savant”, pour s’adresser à un public de “lecteurs” de sorte que tout autre interlocuteur peut accepter les raisons du premier, peu importe sa fonction dans la société. Une telle normalisation des conditions de pratiques discursives peut-elle réellement faire progresser la société humaine comme le prétend Kant? Certes, un discours normalisé rend compte de la fragmentation de l’autorité dans la société moderne. Mais il résiste à l’effort de certains interlocuteurs, peu satisfaits de ses prétentions libérales fondationnalistes, d’y apporter des éléments justificatifs issus non pas des usages publics de la raison mais de ceux dits “privés”. Car, pour Jeffrey Stout, la discussion qui fait réellement progresser la société cosmopolite passe par l’écoute, “l’interaction conversationnelle” et la critique improvisée dans un “discours anormal” (idem.). À force de vouloir fixer les critères du débat en avance, on le rendrait en même temps stérile. Si cela constitue une critique forte d’un discours normalisé kantien dont les principes sont fondationnalistes, il n’exclut nullement un discours normalisé kantien de type non-fondationnaliste. A cet effet, il suffirait de supposer une raison pratique et un discours modaux, sensibles aux particularités des interlocuteurs, selon lesquels l’usage public exige des interlocuteurs des raisons qui pourraient être adoptées de façon cohérente par tout interlocuteur dans le domaine en question (cf. Towards justice and virtue, Onora O’Neill). Dans cet optique modal, l’usage public résiste-il mieux ou finit-il par se rapprocher de ses critiques plus qu’on ne le soupçonne? [less ▲]

Les usages des expertises psy au procès d’assises et les définitions pratiques de la responsabilité

in Déviance et Société (2010), 34(4), 647-669

The problem of evaluating the personality of suspects, which runs alongside that of individualising sentencing, is at the centre of current preoccupations known as « the new social defence’ ». This ... [more ▼]

The problem of evaluating the personality of suspects, which runs alongside that of individualising sentencing, is at the centre of current preoccupations known as « the new social defence’ ». This article is concerned with the use of experts in a particular context, that of cases at the higher criminal courts, where the work of experts is built into a chain of different procedural steps and where the personality of the suspect is considered by several different actors. The exchanges around these questions are not so much concerned with defining dangerousness or treatability, as the moral aspect of the crime. This call for expertise shows that, in this process, those involved are constructing practical definitions of responsibility. [less ▲]

USB Drop Attacks

Article for general public (2023)

The use and efficacy of continuous glucose monitoring in type 1 diabetes treated with insulin pump therapy: a randomised controlled trial

in Diabetologia (2012), 55(12), 3155-3162

Aims/hypothesis The aim of this multicentre, randomised, controlled crossover study was to determine the efficacy of adding continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) to insulin pump therapy (CSII) in type 1 ... [more ▼]

Aims/hypothesis The aim of this multicentre, randomised, controlled crossover study was to determine the efficacy of adding continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) to insulin pump therapy (CSII) in type 1 diabetes. Methods Children and adults (n = 153) on CSII with HbA1c 7.5–9.5% (58.5–80.3 mmol/mol) were randomised to (CGM) a Sensor On or Sensor Off arm for 6 months. After 4 months’ washout, participants crossed over to the other arm for 6 months. Paediatric and adult participants were separately electronically randomised through the case report form according to a predefined randomisation sequence in eight secondary and tertiary centres. The primary outcome was the difference in HbA1c levels between arms after 6 months. Results Seventy-seven participants were randomised to the On/Off sequence and 76 to the Off/On sequence; all were included in the primary analysis. The mean difference in HbA1c was –0.43% (–4.74 mmol/mol) in favour of the Sensor On arm (8.04% [64.34 mmol/mol] vs 8.47% [69.08 mmol/mol]; 95% CI −0.32%, −0.55% [−3.50, −6.01 mmol/mol]; p < 0.001). Following cessation of glucose sensing, HbA1c reverted to baseline levels. Less time was spent with sensor glucose <3.9 mmol/l during the Sensor On arm than in the Sensor Off arm (19 vs 31 min/day; p = 0.009). The mean number of daily boluses increased in the Sensor On arm (6.8 ± 2.5 vs 5.8 ± 1.9, p < 0.0001), together with the frequency of use of the temporary basal rate (0.75 ± 1.11 vs 0.26 ± 0.47, p < 0.0001) and manual insulin suspend (0.91 ± 1.25 vs 0.70 ± 0.75, p < 0.018) functions. Four vs two events of severe hypoglycaemia occurred in the Sensor On and Sensor Off arm, respectively (p = 0.40). Conclusions/interpretation Continuous glucose monitoring was associated with decreased HbA1c levels and time spent in hypoglycaemia in individuals with type 1 diabetes using CSII. More frequent self-adjustments of insulin therapy may have contributed to these effects. [less ▲]

Use of a Computed Tomography Based Approach to Validate Noninvasive Devices to Measure Rotational Knee Laxity

in International Scholarly Research Notices (2015)

The purpose of this study is to validate a noninvasive rotational knee laxity measuring device called “Rotameter P2” with an approach based on Computed Tomography (CT). This CT-approach using X-rays is ... [more ▼]

The purpose of this study is to validate a noninvasive rotational knee laxity measuring device called “Rotameter P2” with an approach based on Computed Tomography (CT). This CT-approach using X-rays is hence invasive and can be regarded as a precise reference method that may also be applied to similar devices. An error due to imperfect femur fixation was observed but can be neglected for small torques. The most significant estimation error is due to the unavoidable soft tissues rotation and hence flexibility in the measurement chain. The error increases with the applied torque.The assessment showed that the rotational knee angle measured with the Rotameter is still overestimated because of thigh and femur displacement, soft tissues deformation, and measurement artefacts adding up to a maximum of 285% error at +15Nm for the Internal Rotation of female volunteers. This may be questioned if such noninvasive devices for measuring the Tibia-Femoral Rotation (TFR) can help diagnosing knee pathologies and investigate ligament reconstructive surgery. [less ▲]

The Use of Artificial Intelligence in the Judiciary and Its Compliance with the Right to a Fair Trial

in Journal of Judicial Administration (2022), 31(3), 154-168

European courts are increasingly investing in Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications for the automation of the administration of justice, to improve the efficiency and quality of the judiciary. However ... [more ▼]

European courts are increasingly investing in Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications for the automation of the administration of justice, to improve the efficiency and quality of the judiciary. However, AI can display considerable issues, such as opaqueness and unfair bias, resulting from the defective designing of their algorithms. This article explores the opportunities and risks of AI technology for court users – including judicial staff, legal representatives and litigants – by investigating proposed and developed applications by European judiciaries under the right to a fair trial. AI is found to pose certain risks to the independence and impartiality of the judiciary, as well as to the adversarial and public character of court proceedings, notwithstanding the opportunities for the improvement of access to courts. The regulatory solutions for the safe use of AI adopted by European judiciaries can encourage similar practices in other judiciaries, including Australia and the United States. [less ▲]