Stein-Malliavin Approximations for Nonlinear Functionals of Random Eigenfunctions on S^d

in Journal of Functional Analysis (2015)

Die Steingutmanufaktur Boch in Rollingergrund-Siebenbrunnen

in Jungblut, Marie-Paule; Pauly, Michel; Reif, Heinz (Eds.) Luxemburg, eine Stadt in Europa. Schlaglichter auf mehr als 1000 Jahre europäische Stadtgeschichte (2014)

Gründung einer Steingutmanufaktur durch die Gebrüder Boch im 18. Jahrhundert in Luxemburg

Die Stellung des Deutschen an der mehrsprachigen Universität Luxemburg

in Muttersprache (2017), 1(2017), 102-111

In May 2014, a Language Centre has been established at the University of Luxembourg, which aims to support academic language skills in the three official university languages English, French and German ... [more ▼]

In May 2014, a Language Centre has been established at the University of Luxembourg, which aims to support academic language skills in the three official university languages English, French and German. Shortly after its foundation, the Language Centre conducted a university-wide needs analysis, to establish the needs for language support. This paper presents findings of this investigation that report on the role German language plays at the University of Luxembourg. Moreover, it will discuss measures and strategies to support German language acquisition within the scope of the university’s multilingual orientation. [less ▲]

Die Stellung des Französischen in Luxemburg. Von der Prestigesprache zur Verkehrssprache

in Sieburg, Sieburg (Ed.) Vielfalt der Sprachen – Varianz der Perspektiven (2013)

Stellungnahme zu der Anhörung des Rechtsausschusses des Deutschen Bundestages am 12.12.1984 bezüglich Strafrechtsänderungsgesetz Paragraph 125 StGB

in Stenographisches Protokoll über die 39. Sitzung des Rechtsausschusses. Protokoll 39 (1983)

Stellvertreterin der Frauen : die erste Abgeordnete

in "Wenn nun wir Frauen auch das Wort ergreifen…" : Frauen in Luxemburg 1880-1950 (1997)

Stem cell-associated heterogeneity in Glioblastoma results from intrinsic tumor plasticity shaped by the microenvironment

in Nature communications (2019), 10(1), 1787

Stemness of the hybrid Epithelial/Mesenchymal State in Breast Cancer and Its Association with Poor Survival.

in PLoS ONE (2015), 10(5), 0126522

Breast cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to drive recurrence and metastasis. Their identity has been linked to the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) but remains highly controversial since ... [more ▼]

Breast cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to drive recurrence and metastasis. Their identity has been linked to the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) but remains highly controversial since-depending on the cell-line studied-either epithelial (E) or mesenchymal (M) markers, alone or together have been associated with stemness. Using distinct transcript expression signatures characterizing the three different E, M and hybrid E/M cell-types, our data support a novel model that links a mixed EM signature with stemness in 1) individual cells, 2) luminal and basal cell lines, 3) in vivo xenograft mouse models, and 4) in all breast cancer subtypes. In particular, we found that co-expression of E and M signatures was associated with poorest outcome in luminal and basal breast cancer patients as well as with enrichment for stem-like cells in both E and M breast cell-lines. This link between a mixed EM expression signature and stemness was explained by two findings: first, mixed cultures of E and M cells showed increased cooperation in mammosphere formation (indicative of stemness) compared to the more differentiated E and M cell-types. Second, single-cell qPCR analysis revealed that E and M genes could be co-expressed in the same cell. These hybrid E/M cells were generated by both E or M cells and had a combination of several stem-like traits since they displayed increased plasticity, self-renewal, mammosphere formation, and produced ALDH1+ progenies, while more differentiated M cells showed less plasticity and E cells showed less self-renewal. Thus, the hybrid E/M state reflecting stemness and its promotion by E-M cooperation offers a dual biological rationale for the robust association of the mixed EM signature with poor prognosis, independent of cellular origin. Together, our model explains previous paradoxical findings that breast CSCs appear to be M in luminal cell-lines but E in basal breast cancer cell-lines. Our results suggest that targeting E/M heterogeneity by eliminating hybrid E/M cells and cooperation between E and M cell-types could improve breast cancer patient survival independent of breast cancer-subtype. [less ▲]

Step-edge sputtering through grazing incidence ions investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy and molecular dynamics simulations

in Physical Review. B (2008), 77(19),

Scanning tunneling microscopy is used to quantify step-edge sputtering of Pt(111) at 550 K by grazing incidence ion bombardment with 5 keV Ar(+) ions. For bombardment conditions causing negligible erosion ... [more ▼]

Scanning tunneling microscopy is used to quantify step-edge sputtering of Pt(111) at 550 K by grazing incidence ion bombardment with 5 keV Ar(+) ions. For bombardment conditions causing negligible erosion on terraces, damage features associated with step bombardment allow us to visualize step retraction and thus to quantify the step-edge sputtering yield. An alternative method for step-edge yield determination, which is applicable under more general conditions, is the analysis of the concentration of ascending steps together with the removed amount as a function of ion fluence. Interestingly, the azimuthal direction of the impinging ions with respect to the surface significantly changes the sputtering yield at step edges. This change is attributed to the orientation dependence of subsurface channeling. Atomistic insight into step-edge sputtering and its azimuthal dependence is given by molecular dynamics simulations of ion impacts at 0 and 550 K. The simulations also demonstrate a strong dependence of the step-edge sputtering yield on temperature. [less ▲]

Steps Towards Semantic Code Search

Doctoral thesis (2021)

Code search can be a core activity in software development for enhancing productivity. Developers commonly reuse existing source code fragments by searching for codebases available in local or global ... [more ▼]

Code search can be a core activity in software development for enhancing productivity. Developers commonly reuse existing source code fragments by searching for codebases available in local or global repositories. Code search helps developers ease the implementation by supplying code snippets to reuse or understand specific concepts deeper during software development by providing various code snippets for the same tasks. In addition, reading real-world examples (the results of code search) is helpful for developers to make programs more reliable, faster, or secure as the examples have been tested and reused by many other developers. However, it is getting more challenging as the codebases are becoming larger since the large codebase can derive too many code candidates. Thus, the research community has invested substantial efforts in developing new techniques, combining methods, and applying more extensive data to improve the performance and efficiency of code search. Despite the significant efforts made by researchers in the field, code search still has many open problems that the community needs to address, such as lack of benchmarks, vocabulary mismatch (between natural language and source code), and low extensibility on programming languages. Our work focuses on the open issues and the momentum of the domain on semantic code search, which considers the meaning of the user query rather than concerning the syntactic similarity that most other studies have approached. The thesis begins with exploring general issues on code search by conducting a systematic literature review. The survey organizes and classifies the code search approaches with various directions such as learning-based, feedback-driven, dynamic techniques. It reveals insights and new research directions. Given the research directions by the survey, we concentrate on alleviating the vocabulary mismatch problem between free-form text query and source code to improve the overall performance of code search first. To understand the free-form text query, we leverage crowd knowledge. The survey also discovered that there are only a few code-to-code approaches and investigation on crowd-knowledge indicated there exists demand, especially on finding semantically similar source code, i.e., source code that is syntactically different but performs the same functionality. Therefore, we go further, reformulating the user code query with real-world code snippets. This allows catching the semantics from the source code. Given the semantic information, a user can search for desired source code by using their code fragments. In this context, the present dissertation aims to explore semantic code search by contributing to the following three building blocks: Review of state-of-the-art: Despite the growing interest in code search, a comprehensive survey or systematic literature review on the field of code search remains limited. We conducted a large-scale systematic literature review on the internet-scale code search. Our objective in this study was to devise a grounded approach to understand the procedure for the code search approach. We built an operational taxonomy on top of each procedure to categorize the approaches and provide insights on the selection of various approaches. Our investigation on the open issues from the literature guide researchers and practitioners to future research directions. CoCaBu: Source code terms such as method names and variable types are often different from conceptual words mentioned in a search query. This vocabulary mismatch problem can make code search inefficient. We presented COde voCABUlary (CoCaBu), an approach to resolving the vocabulary mismatch problem when dealing with free-form code search queries. Our approach leverages common developer questions and the associated expert answers to augment user queries with the relevant but missing structural code entities to improve matching relevant code examples within large code repositories. To instantiate this approach, we built GitSearch, a code search engine, on top of GitHub and Stack Overflow Q&A data. Experimental results, collected via several comparisons against the state-of-the-art code search and existing online search engines such as Google, show that CoCaBu provides qualitatively better results. Furthermore, our live study on the developer community indicates that it can retrieve acceptable or attractive answers for their questions. FaCoY: Most existing approaches focus on serving user queries provided as natural language free-form input. However, there exists a wide range of use-case scenarios where a code-to-code approach would be most beneficial. For example, research directions in code transplantation, code diversity, patch recommendation can leverage a code-to-code search engine to find essential ingredients for their techniques. Given the wide range of use-case for code-to-code search, we propose FaCoY, a novel approach for statically finding code snippets that may be semantically similar to user input code. FaCoY implements a query alternation strategy: instead of directly matching code query tokens with code in the search space, FaCoY first attempts to identify other tokens, which may also be relevant in implementing the functional behavior of the input code. The experimental results show that FaCoY is more effective than all the existing online code-to-code search engines, and it can also be used to find semantic code clones (i.e., Type-4). Moreover, the results proved that FaCoY could be helpful in code/patch recommendation. [less ▲]