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General Algebra and Applications (2010), 30(1), 7-33For each clone C on a set A there is an associated equivalence relation analogous to Green's R-relation, which relates two operations on A if and only if each one is a substitution instance of the other ... [more ▼]For each clone C on a set A there is an associated equivalence relation analogous to Green's R-relation, which relates two operations on A if and only if each one is a substitution instance of the other using operations from C. We study the maximal and submaximal clones on a three-element set and determine which of them have only finitely many relative R-classes. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 78 (1 UL) Submersions, Hamiltonian systems and optimal solutions to the rolling manifolds problemGrong, Erlend in SIAM Journal on Control & Optimization (2016), 54(2), 536-566Given a submersion $\pi:Q \to M$ with an Ehresmann connection~$\calH$, we describe how to solve Hamiltonian systems on $M$ by lifting our problem to $Q$. Furthermore, we show that all solutions of these ... [more ▼]Given a submersion $\pi:Q \to M$ with an Ehresmann connection~$\calH$, we describe how to solve Hamiltonian systems on $M$ by lifting our problem to $Q$. Furthermore, we show that all solutions of these lifted Hamiltonian systems can be described using the original Hamiltonian vector field on $M$ along with a generalization of the magnetic force. This generalized force is described using the curvature of $\calH$ along with a new form of parallel transport of covectors vanishing on $\calH$. Using the Pontryagin Maximum Principle, we apply this theory to optimal control problems $M$ and $Q$ to get results on normal and abnormal extremals. We give a demonstration of our theory by considering the optimal control problem of one Riemannian manifold rolling on another without twisting or slipping along curves of minimal length. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 89 (7 UL) Submicrometer Silicon Permeable Base Transistors with Buried CoSi2 GatesSchüppen, A.; Vescan, L.; Marso, Michel et alin Electronics Letters (1993), 29(1993), 215-217Detailed reference viewed: 12 (0 UL) Subobject Transformation SystemsCorradini, Andrea; Hermann, Frank ; Sobocinski, Pawelin Applied Categorical Structures (2008), 16(3), 389--419Subobject transformation systems STS are proposed as a novel formal framework for the analysis of derivations of transformation systems based on the algebraic, double-pushout (DPO) approach. They can be ... [more ▼]Subobject transformation systems STS are proposed as a novel formal framework for the analysis of derivations of transformation systems based on the algebraic, double-pushout (DPO) approach. They can be considered as a simplified variant of DPO rewriting, acting in the distributive lattice of subobjects of a given object of an adhesive category. This setting allows a direct analysis of all possible notions of dependency between any two productions without requiring an explicit match. In particular, several equivalent characterizations of independence of productions are proposed, as well as a local Church�Rosser theorem in the setting of STS. Finally, we show how any derivation tree in an ordinary DPO grammar leads to an STS via a suitable construction and show that relational reasoning in the resulting STS is sound and complete with respect to the independence in the original derivation tree. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 69 (1 UL) The Subsidy to Infrastructure as an Asset Class*Kräussl, Roman ; Andonov, Aleksandar; Rauh, JoshuaE-print/Working paper (2018)Detailed reference viewed: 60 (1 UL) Subsignatures of systemsMarichal, Jean-Luc in Journal of Multivariate Analysis (2014), 124We introduce the concept of subsignature for semicoherent systems as a class of indexes that range from the system signature to the Barlow-Proschan importance index. Specifically, given a nonempty subset ... [more ▼]We introduce the concept of subsignature for semicoherent systems as a class of indexes that range from the system signature to the Barlow-Proschan importance index. Specifically, given a nonempty subset M of the set of components of a system, we define the M-signature of the system as the |M|-tuple whose k-th coordinate is the probability that the k-th failure among the components in M causes the system to fail. We give various explicit linear expressions for this probability in terms of the structure function and the distribution of the component lifetimes. We also examine the case of exchangeable lifetimes and the special case when the lifetime are i.i.d. and M is a modular set. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 83 (20 UL) Subspace Based Detection for Linear Structural RelationsViberg, M.; Ottersten, Björn ; Kailath, T.in Journal of Combinatorics, Information & System Sciences (1991), 16(2-3), 170189Detailed reference viewed: 10 (0 UL) A Subspace Fitting Method for Identification of Linear State Space ModelsSwindlehurst, A. L.; Roy, R.; Ottersten, Björn et alin IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control (1995)Detailed reference viewed: 9 (0 UL) A Subspace Method for Direction of Arrival Estimation of Uncorrelated Emitter SignalsJansson, Magnus; Göransson, Bo; Ottersten, Björn in IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing (1999), 47(4), 945956Detailed reference viewed: 3 (0 UL) Substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivity in primary afferent neurons of the cat`s knee jointHanesch, Ulrike ; Heppelmann, Bernd; Schmidt, Robertin Neuroscience (1991), 45Detailed reference viewed: 61 (0 UL) Substance P and its receptor NK-1 in rat dura mater encephali - an immunocytochemical studyHanesch, Ulrike ; Moussaoui, Saliha; Schmidt, Robertin Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 21 (1995)Detailed reference viewed: 16 (0 UL) Substance P and somatostatin mRNA expression during an acute and chronic monoarthritis of the rat ankle joint; a non-radioactive in situ-hybridization studyHeppelmann, Bernd; Blecher, Fabian; Hanesch, Ulrike et alin Neuropeptides (1993), 24(4), 196Detailed reference viewed: 57 (0 UL) Substance – Subject – System. The Justification of Science in Hegel’s “Phenomenology of Spirit”Heidemann, Dietmar in Quante, D. Moyar A. N. D. M. (Ed.) Hegel’s “Phenomenology of Spirit”. A Critical Guide (2008)Detailed reference viewed: 142 (2 UL) Substantielle Effekte vs. Methodeneffekte positiv und negativ gepolter Items in Ratingskalen anhand der Skala Angst vor negativer Bewertung (SANB)Lutz, J.; Kemper, Christoph Scientific Conference (2010, September)Detailed reference viewed: 35 (0 UL) Substantive and procedural norms in normative multiagent systemsBoella, Guido; van der Torre, Leon in Journal of Applied Logic (2008), 6(2), 152171Procedural norms are instrumental norms addressed to agents playing a role in the normative system, for example to motivate these role playing agents to recognize violations or to apply sanctions ... [more ▼]Procedural norms are instrumental norms addressed to agents playing a role in the normative system, for example to motivate these role playing agents to recognize violations or to apply sanctions. Procedural norms have first been discussed in law, where they address legal practitioners such as legislators, lawyers and policemen, but they are discussed now too in normative multiagent systems to motivate software agents. Procedural norms aim to achieve the social order specified using regulative norms like obligations and permissions, and constitutive norms like counts-as obligations. In this paper we formalize procedural, regulative and constitutive norms using input/output logic enriched with an agent ontology and an abstraction hierarchy. We show how our formalization explains Castelfranchi's notion of mutual empowerment, stating that not only the agents playing a role in a normative system are empowered by the normative system, but the normative system itself is also empowered by the agents playing a role in it. In our terminology, the agents are not only institutionally empowered, but they are also delegated normative goals from the system. Together, institutional empowerment and normative goal delegation constitute a mechanism which we call delegation of power, where agents acting on behalf of the normative system become in charge of recognizing which institutional facts follow from brute facts. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 127 (0 UL) Substrate dependence of the Raman 2D line of grapheneMolina-Sanchez, Alejandro ; Wirtz, Ludger Poster (2012)Detailed reference viewed: 50 (1 UL) Substrate dependence of the Raman 2D line of grapheneWirtz, Ludger ; Allard, Adrian; Molina-Sanchez, Alejandro Scientific Conference (2012)Detailed reference viewed: 50 (2 UL) Subsumption and Count as Relation in Arguments OntologiesBoella, Guido; Gabbay, Dov M. ; Villata, Serenain Procs. of the 13th International Workshop on Non-Monotonic Reasoning (NMR'10) (2010)The paper proposes a representation of the subsumption re- lation and of count as conditional in the context of argument ontologies. Starting from the weaker notion of classification represented by the ... [more ▼]The paper proposes a representation of the subsumption re- lation and of count as conditional in the context of argument ontologies. Starting from the weaker notion of classification represented by the subsumption relation towards the stronger notion of count as, we show how to reason whether an argu- ment is accepted in ontologies involving these two notions. We adopt the methodology of meta-argumentation in order to model the design decisions. Argumentation, being able to handle contradictory information, is proposed as technique to reason about count as for ontology interoperability. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 17 (0 UL) The subsystems approach to genome annotation and its use in the project to annotate 1000 genomes.Overbeek, Ross; Begley, Tadhg; Butler, Ralph M. et alin Nucleic Acids Research (2005), 33(17), 5691-702The release of the 1000th complete microbial genome will occur in the next two to three years. In anticipation of this milestone, the Fellowship for Interpretation of Genomes (FIG) launched the Project to ... [more ▼]The release of the 1000th complete microbial genome will occur in the next two to three years. In anticipation of this milestone, the Fellowship for Interpretation of Genomes (FIG) launched the Project to Annotate 1000 Genomes. The project is built around the principle that the key to improved accuracy in high-throughput annotation technology is to have experts annotate single subsystems over the complete collection of genomes, rather than having an annotation expert attempt to annotate all of the genes in a single genome. Using the subsystems approach, all of the genes implementing the subsystem are analyzed by an expert in that subsystem. An annotation environment was created where populated subsystems are curated and projected to new genomes. A portable notion of a populated subsystem was defined, and tools developed for exchanging and curating these objects. Tools were also developed to resolve conflicts between populated subsystems. The SEED is the first annotation environment that supports this model of annotation. Here, we describe the subsystem approach, and offer the first release of our growing library of populated subsystems. The initial release of data includes 180 177 distinct proteins with 2133 distinct functional roles. This data comes from 173 subsystems and 383 different organisms. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 367 (3 UL) The subthalamic nucleus modulates the early phase of probabilistic classification learning.Weiss, Daniel; Lam, Judith M.; Breit, Sorin et alin Experimental brain research (2014), 232(7), 2255-62Previous models proposed that the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is critical in the early phase of skill acquisition. We hypothesized that subthalamic deep brain stimulation modulates the learning curve in ... [more ▼]Previous models proposed that the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is critical in the early phase of skill acquisition. We hypothesized that subthalamic deep brain stimulation modulates the learning curve in early classification learning. Thirteen idiopathic Parkinson's disease patients (iPD) with subthalamic deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS), 9 medically treated iPD, and 21 age-matched healthy controls were tested with a probabilistic classification task. STN-DBS patients were tested with stimulation OFF and ON, and medically treated patients with medication OFF and ON, respectively. Performance and reaction time were analyzed on the first 100 consecutive trials as early learning phase. Moreover, data were separated for low and high-probability patterns, and more differentiated strategy analyses were used. The major finding was a significant modulation of the learning curve in DBS patients with stimulation ON: although overall learning was similar to healthy controls, only the stimulation ON group showed a transient significant performance dip from trials '41-60' that rapidly recovered. Further analysis indicated that this might be paralleled by a modulation of the learning strategy, particularly on the high-probability patterns. The reaction time was unchanged during the dip. Our study supports that the STN serves as a relay in early classification learning and directs attention toward unacquainted content. The STN might play a role in balancing the short-term success against strategy optimization for improved long-term outcome. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 114 (6 UL)