Dynamic Resource Allocation for Full-Duplex OFDMA Wireless Cellular Networks

in 2016 IEEE 84th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Fall) proceedings (2016, September 18)

This paper focuses on the resource allocation in a full-duplex (FD) multiuser single cell system consisting of one FD base-station (BS) and multiple FD mobile nodes. In particular, we are interested in ... [more ▼]

This paper focuses on the resource allocation in a full-duplex (FD) multiuser single cell system consisting of one FD base-station (BS) and multiple FD mobile nodes. In particular, we are interested in jointly optimizing the power allocation (PA) and subcarrier assignment (SA) for uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) transmission of all users to maximize the system sum-rate. First, the joint optimization problem is formulated as nonconvex mixed integer program, a difficult nonconvex problem. We then propose an iterative algorithm to solve this problem. In the proposed algorithm, the PA is obtained by employing the SCALE algorithm, whereas the SA is updated by a gradient method. Finally, we present numerical results to demonstrate the significant gains of our proposed design compared to that due to two fast greedy algorithms. [less ▲]

Dynamic response functions and helical gaps in interacting Rashba nanowires with and without magnetic fields

in Physical Review. B (2016), 94(24), 245414

A partially gapped spectrum due to the application of a magnetic field is one of the main probes of Rashba spin-orbit coupling in nanowires. Such a ``helical gap'' manifests itself in the linear ... [more ▼]

A partially gapped spectrum due to the application of a magnetic field is one of the main probes of Rashba spin-orbit coupling in nanowires. Such a ``helical gap'' manifests itself in the linear conductance, as well as in dynamic response functions such as the spectral function, the structure factor, or the tunnelling density of states. In this paper, we investigate theoretically the signature of the helical gap in these observables with a particular focus on the interplay between Rashba spin-orbit coupling and electron-electron interactions. We show that in a quasi-one-dimensional wire, interactions can open a helical gap even without magnetic field. We calculate the dynamic response functions using bosonization, a renormalization group analysis, and the exact form factors of the emerging sine-Gordon model. For special interaction strengths, we verify our results by refermionization. We show how the two types of helical gaps, caused by magnetic fields or interactions, can be distinguished in experiments. [less ▲]

Dynamic Risk Analyses and Dependency-Aware Root Cause Model for Critical Infrastructures

in International Conference on Critical Information Infrastructures Security (2016)

Critical Infrastructures are known for their complexity and the strong interdependencies between the various components. As a result, cascading effects can have devastating consequences, while foreseeing ... [more ▼]

Critical Infrastructures are known for their complexity and the strong interdependencies between the various components. As a result, cascading effects can have devastating consequences, while foreseeing the overall impact of a particular incident is not straight-forward at all and goes beyond performing a simple risk analysis. This work presents a graph-based approach for conducting dynamic risk analyses, which are programmatically generated from a threat model and an inventory of assets. In contrast to traditional risk analyses, they can be kept automatically up-to-date and show the risk currently faced by a system in real-time. The concepts are applied to and validated in the context of the smart grid infrastructure currently being deployed in Luxembourg. [less ▲]

Dynamic Sensory Probabilistic Maps for Mobile Robot Localization

in Proc. IEEE/RSJ Int. Conf. on Intelligent Robots and Systems (1998)

Dynamic Sintering of a High Temperature Granular Material: Experiments and Simulations

Scientific Conference (2017, September 26)

Snow changes from a porous solid to a granular material during deformation with high strain rates. This transition occurs in many cases where snow is relevant to engineering problems (vehicle mobility ... [more ▼]

Snow changes from a porous solid to a granular material during deformation with high strain rates. This transition occurs in many cases where snow is relevant to engineering problems (vehicle mobility, avalanche formation and prevention, skiing etc.). For the description of the fast deformation of snow the discrete element method (DEM) is a valuable tool, as it is able to account for both states and the transition between them: the interaction of the loose and bonded particles. For the development of a physically relevant DEM snow model [1] we investigate experimentally along with simulations the basic processes of the granular behavior of snow. In the granular state, sintering plays an important role for the dynamics of the particles. Via sintering the high temperature ice particles (homologous temperature 0.95) bond together and change the structure and the physical properties of the material. This temperature dependent sintering process, which happens in the time range of milliseconds to hours, is in the focus of the present work. The fast sintering of ice in the range of milliseconds has scarcely been investigated. However, from sintering studies with ice cones (radius of 3 mm) we know, that the sintering force is closely related to the contact area of the particles [2]. As the contact area changes considerably for complicated shapes, exhibited by natural snow crystals, we consider different snow types (grain shape and size), besides ice beads as spherical model snow. The latter one is used to exclude shape effects and to directly compare experiments to simulations with spherical particles. To be able to take the effects of the grain shape into account and to examine sintering in the time range of interest (seconds), we perform angle of repose experiments and simulations. Snow is sieved to pile up on a flat base until an angle of equilibrium, the angle of repose, is formed. This angle increases with the sintering of the particles, but also with the inter-particle friction. To analyze the contribution of the friction and the grain shape without sintering, we perform the experiments at a low temperature °C ( 0.87), where sintering can be neglected; thus, the angle of repose is determined by inter-particle friction. With these measurements, we calibrate the simulations. At higher temperatures (up to °C) sintering changes the angle of repose, and a physically relevant sintering law for real snow is established in the simulations. [less ▲]

Dynamic Spectrum Sharing in 5G Wireless Networks With Full-Duplex Technology: Recent Advances and Research Challenges

in IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials (2018), 20(1), 674-707

Full-duplex (FD) wireless technology enables a radio to transmit and receive on the same frequency band at the same time, and it is considered to be one of the candidate technologies for the fifth ... [more ▼]

Full-duplex (FD) wireless technology enables a radio to transmit and receive on the same frequency band at the same time, and it is considered to be one of the candidate technologies for the fifth generation (5G) and beyond wireless communication systems due to its advantages, including potential doubling of the capacity and increased spectrum utilization efficiency. However, one of the main challenges of FD technology is the mitigation of strong self-interference (SI). Recent advances in different SI cancellation techniques, such as antenna cancellation, analog cancellation, and digital cancellation methods, have led to the feasibility of using FD technology in different wireless applications. Among potential applications, one important application area is dynamic spectrum sharing (DSS) in wireless systems particularly 5G networks, where FD can provide several benefits and possibilities such as concurrent sensing and transmission (CST), concurrent transmission and reception, improved sensing efficiency and secondary throughput, and the mitigation of the hidden terminal problem. In this direction, first, starting with a detailed overview of FD-enabled DSS, we provide a comprehensive survey of recent advances in this domain. We then highlight several potential techniques for enabling FD operation in DSS wireless systems. Subsequently, we propose a novel communication framework to enable CST in DSS systems by employing a power control-based SI mitigation scheme and carry out the throughput performance analysis of this proposed framework. Finally, we discuss some open research issues and future directions with the objective of stimulating future research efforts in the emerging FD-enabled DSS wireless systems. [less ▲]

Dynamic systems and the theoretical concept of problem solving in PISA 2012

Scientific Conference (2010, September 28)

Dynamic systems and their importance in competence assessment of problem solving

Scientific Conference (2011, September)

Dynamic tuning of the director field in liquid crystal shells using block copolymers

in Physical Review Research (2020), 2(3), 033160

When an orientationally ordered system, like a nematic liquid crystal (LC), is confined on a self-closing spherical shell, topological constraints arise with intriguing consequences that depend critically ... [more ▼]

When an orientationally ordered system, like a nematic liquid crystal (LC), is confined on a self-closing spherical shell, topological constraints arise with intriguing consequences that depend critically on how the LC is aligned in the shell. We demonstrate reversible dynamic tuning of the alignment, and thereby the topology, of nematic LC shells stabilized by the nonionic amphiphilic block copolymer Pluronic F127. Deep in the nematic phase, the director (the average molecule orientation) is tangential to the interface, but upon approaching the temperature TNI of the nematic-isotropic transition, the director realigns to normal. We link this to a delicate interplay between an interfacial tension that is nearly independent of director orientation, and the configuration-dependent elastic deformation energy of an LC confined in a shell. The process is primarily triggered by the heating-induced reduction of the nematic order parameter, hence realignment temperatures differ by several tens of degrees between LCs with high and low TNI, respectively. The temperature of realignment is always lower on the positive-curved shell outside than at the negative-curved inside, yielding a complex topological reconfiguration on heating. Complementing experimental investigations with mathematical modeling and computer simulations, we identify and investigate three different trajectories, distinguished by their configurations of topological defects in the initial tangential-aligned shell. Our results uncover a new aspect of the complex response of LCs to curved confinement, demonstrating that the order of the LC itself can influence the alignment and thereby the topology of the system. They also reveal the potential of amphiphilic block copolymer stabilizers for enabling continuous tunability of LC shell configuration, opening doors for in-depth studies of topological dynamics as well as novel applications in, e.g., sensing and programed soft actuators. [less ▲]

Dynamic Vehicular Routing in Urban Environments

Doctoral thesis (2016)

Traffic congestion is a persistent issue that most of the people living in a city have to face every day. Traffic density is constantly increasing and, in many metropolitan areas, the road network has ... [more ▼]

Traffic congestion is a persistent issue that most of the people living in a city have to face every day. Traffic density is constantly increasing and, in many metropolitan areas, the road network has reached its limits and cannot easily be extended to meet the growing traffic demand. Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is a world wide trend in traffic monitoring that uses technology and infrastructure improvements in advanced communication and sensors to tackle transportation issues such as mobility efficiency, safety, and traffic congestion. The purpose of ITS is to take advantage of all available technologies to improve every aspect of mobility and traffic. Our focus in this thesis is to use these advancements in technology and infrastructure to mitigate traffic congestion. We discuss the state of the art in traffic flow optimization methods, their limitations, and the benefits of a new point of view. The traffic monitoring mechanism that we propose uses vehicular telecommunication to gather the traffic information that is fundamental to the creation of a consistent overview of the traffic situation, to provision real-time information to drivers, and to optimizing their routes. In order to study the impact of dynamic rerouting on the traffic congestion experienced in the urban environment, we need a reliable representation of the traffic situation. In this thesis, traffic flow theory, together with mobility models and propagation models, are the basis to providing a simulation environment capable of providing a realistic and interactive urban mobility, which is used to test and validate our solution for mitigating traffic congestion. The topology of the urban environment plays a fundamental role in traffic optimization, not only in terms of mobility patterns, but also in the connectivity and infrastructure available. Given the complexity of the problem, we start by defining the main parameters we want to optimize, and the user interaction required, in order to achieve the goal. We aim to optimize the travel time from origin to destination with a selfish approach, focusing on each driver. We then evaluated constraints and added values of the proposed optimization, providing a preliminary study on its impact on a simple scenario. Our evaluation is made in a best-case scenario using complete information, then in a more realistic scenario with partial information on the global traffic situation, where connectivity and coverage play a major role. The lack of a general-purpose, freely-available, realistic and dependable scenario for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) creates many problems in the research community in providing and comparing realistic results. To address these issues, we implemented a synthetic traffic scenario, based on a real city, to evaluate dynamic routing in a realistic urban environment. The Luxembourg SUMO Traffic (LuST) Scenario is based on the mobility derived from the City of Luxembourg. The scenario is built for the Simulator of Urban MObiltiy (SUMO) and it is compatible with Vehicles in Network Simulation (VEINS) and Objective Modular Network Testbed in C++ (OMNet++), allowing it to be used in VANET simulations. In this thesis we present a selfish traffic optimization approach based on dynamic rerouting, able to mitigate the impact of traffic congestion in urban environments on a global scale. The general-purpose traffic scenario built to validate our results is already being used by the research community, and is freely-available under the MIT licence, and is hosted on GitHub. [less ▲]