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Discrete mechanical models can be formulated to capture typical mechanical ... [more ▼]Numerous natural and man-made materials are essentially discrete structures at the mesoscale or microscale (see Fig. 1). Discrete mechanical models can be formulated to capture typical mechanical phenomena arising from this discreteness. Failure in these materials, which often starts with the fracture of an individual bond, can be predicted based on the small-scale mechanics with these models. For failure, but also for non-local mechanics, no phenomenological descriptions are required in these models. This makes them more predictive than constitutive material models for this type of materials. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 128 (5 UL) Discrete Modeling of Inter-Granular Bonds between Snow GrainsMichael, Mark ; Peters, Bernhard; Nicot, FranciosPresentation (2013, April 23)Detailed reference viewed: 100 (2 UL) Discrete Multiscale Modelling and Future Research Plans concerning MetalsBeex, Lars ; Bordas, Stéphane ; Rappel, Hussein et alPresentation (2014, October 14)Detailed reference viewed: 147 (11 UL) Discrete Multiscale Modelling and Future Research Plans concerning Metals (presentation)Beex, Lars ; Bordas, Stéphane ; Rappel, Hussein et alPresentation (2014, October 14)Detailed reference viewed: 148 (10 UL) A discrete network model for bond failure and frictional sliding in fibrous materialsWilbrink, David; Beex, Lars ; Peerlings, Ronin International Journal of Solids and Structures (2013), 50(9), 1354-1363Discrete network models and lattice models using trusses or beams can be used to mechanically model fibrous materials, since the discrete elements represent the individual fibers or yarns at the mesoscale ... [more ▼]Discrete network models and lattice models using trusses or beams can be used to mechanically model fibrous materials, since the discrete elements represent the individual fibers or yarns at the mesoscale of these materials. Consequently, local mesoscale phenomena, such as individual fiber failure and interfiber bond failure, can be incorporated. Only a few discrete network models in which bond failure is incorporated include frictional fiber sliding that occurs after bond failure has taken place, although this occurs in the mechanical behaviour of several fibrous materials. In this paper, a spring network model for interfiber bond failure and subsequent frictional fiber sliding is developed, which is formulated in a thermodynamical setting. The thermodynamical basis ensures that performed mechanical work is either stored in the network or dissipated due to bond failure and subsequent sliding. A numerical implementation of the framework is proposed in which the kinematic and internal variables are simultaneously solved, because the internal variables are directly coupled in the framework. Variations in network connectivity, bond strength, fiber length and anisotropy are implemented in the framework. The results show amongst others that the macroscopic yield point scales with the bond strength and that the macroscopic stiffness and the macroscopic yield point scale with the fiber length. The presented results also show that the macroscopic yield point becomes significantly less pronounced for an increase of the fiber length. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 126 (1 UL) Discrete Pompeiu problem on the plainKiss, Gergely Presentation (2016, December)Detailed reference viewed: 49 (3 UL) The discrete Pompeiu problem on the planeKiss, Gergely Presentation (2017, November 27)The discrete Pompeiu problem is stemmed from an integral-geometric question on the plane. The problem is whether we can reconstruct a function if we know the average values of the function on every ... [more ▼]The discrete Pompeiu problem is stemmed from an integral-geometric question on the plane. The problem is whether we can reconstruct a function if we know the average values of the function on every congruent copy of a given pattern. After introducing the theory of spectral analysis on discrete Abelian groups, I show some results for the discrete version of the problem. One of the arguments is connected to a coloring problem of the plane. One of them is a geometric construction and some others based on some geometric and combinatoric properties of the plane. I also mention some unsolved questions of the topic. My talk is based on a joint work with M. Laczkovich and Cs. Vincze. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 119 (4 UL) The discrete Pompeiu problem on the planeKiss, Gergely ; Laczkovich, Miklós; Vincze, Csabain Monatshefte für Mathematik (2018)We say that a finite subset $E$ of the Euclidean plane $\R^2$ has the discrete Pompeiu property with respect to isometries (similarities), if, whenever $f:\R^2\to \C$ is such that the sum of the values of ... [more ▼]We say that a finite subset $E$ of the Euclidean plane $\R^2$ has the discrete Pompeiu property with respect to isometries (similarities), if, whenever $f:\R^2\to \C$ is such that the sum of the values of $f$ on any congruent (similar) copy of $E$ is zero, then $f$ is identically zero. We show that every parallelogram and every quadrangle with rational coordinates has the discrete Pompeiu property with respect to isometries. We also present a family of quadrangles depending on a continuous parameter having the same property. We investigate the weighted version of the discrete Pompeiu property as well, and show that every finite linear set with commensurable distances has the weighted discrete Pompeiu property with respect to isometries, and every finite set has the weighted discrete Pompeiu property with respect to similarities. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 113 (5 UL) Discrete versions of the transport equation and the Shepp-Olkin conjectureHillion, Erwan ; Johnson, Oliverin Annals of Probability (2016), 44(1), 276-306We introduce a framework to consider transport problems for integer-valued random variables. We introduce weighting coeffcients which allow us to characterise transport problems in a gradient now setting ... [more ▼]We introduce a framework to consider transport problems for integer-valued random variables. We introduce weighting coeffcients which allow us to characterise transport problems in a gradient now setting, and form the basis of our introduction of a discrete version of the Benamou--Brenier formula. Further, we use these coeffcients to state a new form of weighted log-concavity. These results are applied to prove the monotone case of the Shepp--Olkin entropy concavity conjecture. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 151 (9 UL) A discrete-continuous approach to describe CaCO3 decarbonation in non-steady thermal conditionsCopertaro, Edoardo ; Chiariotti, Paolo; Estupinan Donoso, Alvaro Antonio et alin Powder Technology (2015), 275In cement production, direct measurements of thermal and chemical variables are often unfeasible as a consequence of aggressive environments, moving parts and physical inaccessibility, and therefore ... [more ▼]In cement production, direct measurements of thermal and chemical variables are often unfeasible as a consequence of aggressive environments, moving parts and physical inaccessibility, and therefore prediction models are essential tools in these types of industrial applications. This article addresses the problem of the numerical prediction of the CaCO3 calcination process, which is the first and the most energy expensive process in clinker production. This study was conducted using the Extended Discrete Element Method (XDEM), a framework which allows a Eulerian approach for the gas phase to be combined with a Lagrange one for the powder phase. A detailed validation of the numerical model was performed by comparison to non-isothermal TG curves for mass loss during the CaCO3 decarbonation process. The complex three-dimensional predictions for solid and gas phases are believed to represent a first step towards a new insight into the cement production process. Thus, the high accuracy and detailed description of the problem addressed, serve as a basis to assess the uncertainty of more simplified models such as those used in soft sensors. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 143 (11 UL) A discrete-continuous approach to describe CaCO3 decarbonation in non-steady thermal conditionsEstupinan Donoso, Alvaro Antonio ; Peters, Bernhard ; Copertaro, Edoardo et alin Powder Technology (2015), 275In cement production, direct measurements of thermal and chemical variables are often unfeasible as a consequence of aggressive environments, moving parts and physical inaccessibility, and therefore ... [more ▼]In cement production, direct measurements of thermal and chemical variables are often unfeasible as a consequence of aggressive environments, moving parts and physical inaccessibility, and therefore prediction models are essential tools in these types of industrial applications. This article addresses the problem of the numerical prediction of the CaCO3 calcination process, which is the first and the most energy expensive process in clinker production. This study was conducted using the Extended Discrete Element Method (XDEM), a framework which allows a Eulerian approach for the gas phase to be combined with a Lagrange one for the powder phase. A detailed validation of the numerical model was performed by comparison to non-isothermal TG curves for mass loss during the CaCO3 decarbonation process. The complex three-dimensional predictions for solid and gas phases are believed to represent a first step towards a new insight into the cement production process. Thus, the high accuracy and detailed description of the problem addressed, serve as a basis to assess the uncertainty of more simplified models such as those used in soft sensors. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 203 (18 UL) A DISCRETE-CONTINUOUS APPROACH TO MODEL POWDER METALLURGY PROCESSESEstupinan Donoso, Alvaro Antonio Doctoral thesis (2016)Detailed reference viewed: 146 (22 UL) A Discrete-Continuous Method for Predicting Thermochemical Phenomena in a Cement Kiln and Supporting Indirect MonitoringCopertaro, Edoardo ; Estupinan Donoso, Alvaro Antonio ; Peters, Bernhard in Engineering Journal (2018), 22(6), 165-183Thermochemical phenomena involved in cement kilns are still not well understood because of their complexity, besides technical difficulties in achieving direct measurements of critical process variables ... [more ▼]Thermochemical phenomena involved in cement kilns are still not well understood because of their complexity, besides technical difficulties in achieving direct measurements of critical process variables. This article addresses the problem of their comprehensive numerical prediction. The presented numerical model exploits Computational Fluid Dynamics and Finite Difference Method approaches for solving the gas domain and the rotating wall, respectively. The description of the thermochemical conversion and movement of the powder particles is addressed with a Lagrangian approach. Coupling between gas, particles and the rotating wall includes momentum, heat and mass transfer. Three-dimensional numerical predictions for a full-size cement kiln are presented and they show agreement with experimental data and benchmark literature. The quality and detail of the results are believed to provide a new insight into the functioning of a cement kiln. Attention is paid to the computational burden of the model and a methodology is presented for reducing the time-to-solution and paving the way for its exploitation in quasireal-time, indirect monitoring. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 148 (5 UL) Discrete-Event Simulation and Integer Linear Programming for Constraint-Aware Resource SchedulingShin, Seung Yeob ; Brun, Yuriy; Balasubramanian, Hari et alin IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (2017)This paper presents a method for scheduling resources in complex systems that integrate humans with diverse hardware and software components, and for studying the impact of resource schedules on system ... [more ▼]This paper presents a method for scheduling resources in complex systems that integrate humans with diverse hardware and software components, and for studying the impact of resource schedules on system characteristics. The method uses discrete-event simulation and integer linear programming, and relies on detailed models of the system’s processes, specifications of the capabilities of the system’s resources, and constraints on the operations of the system and its resources. As a case study, we examine processes involved in the operation of a hospital emergency department, studying the impact staffing policies have on such key quality measures as patient length of stay (LoS), number of handoffs, staff utilization levels, and cost. Our results suggest that physician and nurse utilization levels for clinical tasks of 70% result in a good balance between LoS and cost. Allowing shift lengths to vary and shifts to overlap increases scheduling flexibility. Clinical experts provided face validation of our results. Our approach improves on the state of the art by enabling using detailed resource and constraint specifications effectively to support analysis and decision making about complex processes in domains that currently rely largely on trial and error and other ad hoc methods. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 167 (38 UL) Discrete-Phase Sequence Design for Coexistence of MIMO Radar and MIMO CommunicationsAlaee-Kerahroodi, Mohammad ; Mishra, Kumar Vijay; Shankar, M. R. Bhavani et alin 2019 IEEE 20th International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC) (2019)Detailed reference viewed: 88 (5 UL) Discrete-Phase Sequence Design with Stopband and PSL Constraints for Cognitive RadarAlaeekerahroodi, Mohammad ; Kumar, Sumit ; Mysore Rama Rao, Bhavani Shankar et alin Proceedings of EuRAD 2020 (in press)We present the design of discrete-phase sequences considering simultaneously the peak sidelobe level (PSL) and avoiding reserved frequency bands which are occupied by narrowband interferers or ... [more ▼]We present the design of discrete-phase sequences considering simultaneously the peak sidelobe level (PSL) and avoiding reserved frequency bands which are occupied by narrowband interferers or communications. We use the coordinate descent framework and propose an algorithm to design discrete-phase sequences with spectral power suppressed in arbitrary bands and with low auto-correlation sidelobes in terms of PSL. Our proposed algorithm exploits fast Fourier transform and is, therefore, computationally efficient. The over-the-air experiments using implementation on software-defined radio show reasonable agreement with numerical simulations and feasibility for field-deployment [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 90 (7 UL) A discrete/continuous numerical approach to multi-physicsPeters, Bernhard ; Besseron, Xavier ; Estupinan Donoso, Alvaro Antonio et alin IFAC-PapersOnLine (2015), 28(1), 645-650A variety of technical applications are not only the physics of a single domain, but include several physical phenomena, and therefore are referred to as multi-physics. As long as the phenomena being ... [more ▼]A variety of technical applications are not only the physics of a single domain, but include several physical phenomena, and therefore are referred to as multi-physics. As long as the phenomena being taken into account is either continuous or discrete i.e. Euler or Lagrangian a homogeneous solution concept can be employed. However, numerous challenges in engineering include continuous and discrete phase simultaneously, and therefore cannot be solved only by continuous or discrete approaches. Problems include both a continuous and a discrete phase are important in applications of the pharmaceutical Industry e.g. drug production, agriculture and food processing industry, mining, construction and Agricultural machinery, metal production, power generation and systems biology. The Extended Discrete Element Method (XDEM) is a novel technique, which provides a significant advance for the coupled discrete and continuous numerical simulation concepts. It expands the dynamics of particles as described by the classical discrete element method (DEM) by a thermodynamic state or stress/strain coupled as fluid flow or structures for each particle in a continuum phase. XDEM additionally estimates properties such as the interior temperature and/or species distribution. These predictive capabilities are extended to fluid flow through an interaction by heat, mass and momentum transfer important for process engineering. © 2015, IFAC (International Federation of Automatic Control) Hosting by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 129 (8 UL) Discretion, Care and Public Interests in the EU Administration: Probing the Limits of LawMendes, Joana in Common Market Law Review (2016), 53(2), 419-452Recent high profile judgments of the European Court of Justice (ESMA and Gauweiler) have endorsed the expansion of the EU’s executive powers, including those of its administration. Once such powers are ... [more ▼]Recent high profile judgments of the European Court of Justice (ESMA and Gauweiler) have endorsed the expansion of the EU’s executive powers, including those of its administration. Once such powers are attributed or judicially endorsed, how far may law reach in structuring the exercise of discretion by EU administrative actors? The article analyses the way the EU courts have reviewed administrative discretion in instances where they have performed a close scrutiny thereof. It argues that the EU courts downplayed the role law ought to have in structuring the exercise of administrative discretion, by overlooking the public interests that ought to be pursued by force of legal norms. By contrast, the control of discretion by the European Ombudsman illustrates a different and normatively more demanding understanding of how law may operate in relation to discretion. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 203 (7 UL) Discretionary power, scientific uncertainty and right to life in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic: Lessons learnt from the Administrative Tribunal of Guadeloupe and the French Council of StateDonati, Alessandra in European Journal of Risk Regulation (2020)Administrative Tribunal of Guadeloupe 28 March 2020, case n° 2000295 (Judge for interim relief); French Council of State 4 April 2020, cases n° 439904, 439905 (Judge for interim relief) Based on the ... [more ▼]Administrative Tribunal of Guadeloupe 28 March 2020, case n° 2000295 (Judge for interim relief); French Council of State 4 April 2020, cases n° 439904, 439905 (Judge for interim relief) Based on the precautionary principle and to protect the right to life under Article L. 521-2 of the French Code of Administrative Justice, the Administrative Tribunal of Guadeloupe (Judge for interim relief) ordered the Regional Health Agency of Guadeloupe and the University Hospital Centre of Guadeloupe to procure 200,000 COVID-19 screening tests corresponding to half of the population of Guadeloupe and to buy the doses necessary for the treatment of the COVID-19 epidemic with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin for 20,000 patients. On appeal, the French Council of State, by disregarding the application of the precautionary principle and with controversial reasoning concerning the relationship between discretionary power and scientific uncertainty, annulled the decision of the Administrative Tribunal of Guadeloupe. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 26 (0 UL)