Peers als Quelle aktueller Motivation? Wie Jugendliche mit heterogenen Verhaltensweisen Peerinteraktionen in Abhängigkeit des behavioralen Klassenumfeldes erleben

in Zeitschrift für Pädagogische Psychologie (2020)

The relevance of peers for adolescents' development has already been confirmed in various studies. Among other things, adolescents indicated higher situational motivation and joy as well as less feelings ... [more ▼]

The relevance of peers for adolescents' development has already been confirmed in various studies. Among other things, adolescents indicated higher situational motivation and joy as well as less feelings of stress during social interactions with classmates compared to indi- vidual work settings. However, it turned out that adolescents with behavioural problems have difficulties in making and maintaining social contacts and friendships. While in previous studies behaviour was investigated as dichotomous variable, this study chose a dimensional, person-centered approach to identify adolescents with heterogeneous behaviour. Therefore, this paper aims at analysing effects of social inter- actions at school on emotional experiences of adolescents with heterogeneous behavioural profiles. In addition, a potential moderating effect of the classroom environment regarding behaviour will be tested. The sample comprised N = 719 students of grade five and six. Data were collected using the experience sampling method. In detail, the students completed a short questionnaire concerning their momentary emo- tional experience and their social context two to three times a day on five consecutive days at school. Thus, 8870 snapshots of the adolescents' emotional experiences and situations in class were available. Using teacher ratings regarding the students' behaviour, latent profile analyses were calculated and three different profiles within the sample were identified: students with adaptive, with internalising and with externalising behaviour. Findings of multilevel structural equation models show, first, that students are more motivated and less stressed while interacting with others during lessons (e.g. in partner or group activities) compared to individual working situations. This effect is more pronounced for students with internalising and externalising behavioural profiles. Second, the small differential moderating, but not significant effects indi- cate that the relation between adolescents' emotional experiences and peer interactions is not moderated by the classroom environment regarding prosocial or problem behaviour. The results will be discussed from methodological and content-related perspectives. [less ▲]

Editorial zum Themenheft Problemlösen in der Pädagogischen Psychologie

in Zeitschrift für Pädagogische Psychologie (2014), 28

Komplexes Problemlösen, schulfachliche Kompetenzen und ihre Relation zu Schulnoten

in Zeitschrift für Pädagogische Psychologie (2014), 28(4), 205215

The importance of Complex Problem Solving (CPS) within the educational context is well established. This is one of the reasons why CPS plays a prominent role in educational large-scale assessments (e.g ... [more ▼]

The importance of Complex Problem Solving (CPS) within the educational context is well established. This is one of the reasons why CPS plays a prominent role in educational large-scale assessments (e.g., PISA) besides school competencies. However, recent research on CPS and its connection to school performance did not include such school competencies as such, which have proven to be strong predictors of school grades. Consequently, the aim of this study is to close this gap and to examine the relation between CPS and competencies in mathematics and reading. Based on a sample of N=1908 Finish high school students, structural equation modeling was used to analyse the relation of CPS, school competencies, and school grades. In general, the results showed an incremental predictive power of CPS over and above school competencies on school grades in mathematics and mother language. However, differential effects showed a higher importance of CPS in the mathematic domain in comparison to the language domain especially if controlled for reasoning. Implications for the construct of CPS and its importance within the educational context are discussed. [less ▲]

Urteilsverzerrungen in der schulischen Leistungsbeurteilung: Eine experimentelle Studie zu Ankereffekten

in Zeitschrift für Pädagogische Psychologie (2009), 23

The aim of the study is to investigate anchoring effects in teachers’ assessment. Anchoring effects occur when a preceding judgement influences a subsequent judgement of the same target or task. Our ... [more ▼]

The aim of the study is to investigate anchoring effects in teachers’ assessment. Anchoring effects occur when a preceding judgement influences a subsequent judgement of the same target or task. Our experiment investigates whether teachers use the anchoring heuristic in student assessments and if its occurrence is moderated by the processing goal and teachers’ expertise. We assume that people use processing strategies according to their actual processing goals. Whereas experts are able to choose an adequate information processing depending on the situation, novices are assumed to be more susceptible to use heuristics, e.g. the anchoring heuristic, independent of their actual processing goal. In our experiment expert teachers and teacher students were asked to assess written tests of a student. They received case material including a neutral description and two tests (German and Math). Participants were either instructed to form a first impression of the student (impression formation goal) or to give an educational recommendation (prognosis goal). After reading the case material, the participants received the anchor: They were told that an experienced teacher had already assessed the tests and marked them with a grade of 2 (high anchor) or 4 (low anchor). Afterwards they had to assess the tests by themselves. Results revealed an interaction effect of expertise, anchor and processing goal. Expert teachers who assessed the student’s performance in the German test with the goal of giving an educational recommendation did not use the anchoring heuristic. Furthermore, results showed only a main effect of the anchor when assessing the math test. The assessments of the math test were assimilated to the given anchor independent of the actual processing goal or the teachers’expertise. [less ▲]