Probing Quantum Speed Limits with Ultracold Gases

in Physical Review Letters (2021)

Quantum speed limits (QSLs) rule the minimum time for a quantum state to evolve into a distinguishable state in an arbitrary physical process. These fundamental results constrain a notion of distance ... [more ▼]

Quantum speed limits (QSLs) rule the minimum time for a quantum state to evolve into a distinguishable state in an arbitrary physical process. These fundamental results constrain a notion of distance traveled by the quantum state, known as the Bures angle, in terms of the speed of evolution set by nonadiabatic energy fluctuations. I theoretically propose how to measure QSLs in an ultracold quantum gas confined in a timedependent harmonic trap. In this highly-dimensional system of continuous variables, quantum tomography is prohibited. Yet, QSLs can be probed whenever the dynamics is self-similar by measuring as a function of time the cloud size of the ultracold gas. This makes it possible to determine the Bures angle and energy fluctuations, as I discuss for various ultracold atomic systems. [less ▲]

Dissipation-Time Uncertainty Relation

in Physical Review Letters (2020), 125(12), 120604

Archetypal Soft-Mode-Driven Antipolar Transition in Francisite Cu3Bi(SeO3)(2)O2Cl

in PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS (2020), 124(9), 097603-6

Model materials are precious test cases for elementary theories and provide building blocks for the understanding of more complex cases. Here, we describe the lattice dynamics of the structural phase ... [more ▼]

Model materials are precious test cases for elementary theories and provide building blocks for the understanding of more complex cases. Here, we describe the lattice dynamics of the structural phase transition in francisite Cu3Bi(SeO3)(2)O2Cl at 115 K and show that it provides a rare archetype of a transition driven by a soft antipolar phonon mode. In the high-symmetry phase at high temperatures, the soft mode is found at (0,0,0.5) at the Brillouin zone boundary and is measured by inelastic x-ray scattering and thermal diffuse scattering. In the low-symmetry phase, this soft-mode is folded back onto the center of the Brillouin zone as a result of the doubling of the unit cell, and appears as a fully symmetric mode that can be tracked by Raman spectroscopy. On both sides of the transition, the mode energy squared follows a linear behavior over a large temperature range. First-principles calculations reveal that, surprisingly, the flat phonon band calculated for the high-symmetry phase seems incompatible with the displacive character found experimentally. We discuss this unusual behavior in the context of an ideal Kittel model of an antiferroelectric transition. [less ▲]

Archetypal Soft-Mode-Driven Antipolar Transition in Francisite Cu3BiðSeO3Þ2O2Cl

in Physical Review Letters (2020)

Density Functional Model for van der Waals Interactions: Unifying Many-Body Atomic Approaches with Nonlocal Functionals

in Physical Review Letters (2020)

Entropy Production in Open Systems: The Predominant Role of Intraenvironment Correlations

in PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS (2019)

Mono-to-multilayer transition in growing bacterial colonies

in Physical Review Letters (2019), 123(17-25),

The transition from monolayers to multilayered structures in bacterial colonies is a fundamental step in biofilm development. Observed across different morphotypes and species, this transition is ... [more ▼]

The transition from monolayers to multilayered structures in bacterial colonies is a fundamental step in biofilm development. Observed across different morphotypes and species, this transition is triggered within freely growing bacterial microcolonies comprising a few hundred cells. Using a combination of numerical simulations and analytical modeling, here we demonstrate that this transition originates from the competition between growth-induced in-plane active stresses and vertical restoring forces, due to the cell-substrate interactions. Using a simple chainlike colony of laterally confined cells, we show that the transition sets when individual cells become unstable to rotations; thus it is localized and mechanically deterministic. Asynchronous cell division renders the process stochastic, so that all the critical parameters that control the onset of the transition are continuously distributed random variables. Here we demonstrate that the occurrence of the first division in the colony can be approximated as a Poisson process in the limit of large cell numbers. This allows us to approximately calculate the probability distribution function of the position and time associated with the first extrusion. The rate of such a Poisson process can be identified as the order parameter of the transition, thus highlighting its mixed deterministic-stochastic nature. [less ▲]

Electric-Field Control of Magnetization, Jahn-Teller Distortion, and Orbital Ordering in Ferroelectric Ferromagnets

in PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS (2019), 122(24),

Deterministic Limit of Intracellular Calcium Spikes

in Physical Review Letters (2019), 122(8), 088101

In nonexcitable cells, global Ca2+ spikes emerge from the collective dynamics of clusters of Ca2+ channels that are coupled by diffusion. Current modeling approaches have opposed stochastic descriptions ... [more ▼]

In nonexcitable cells, global Ca2+ spikes emerge from the collective dynamics of clusters of Ca2+ channels that are coupled by diffusion. Current modeling approaches have opposed stochastic descriptions of these systems to purely deterministic models, while both paradoxically appear compatible with experimental data. Combining fully stochastic simulations and mean-field analyses, we demonstrate that these two approaches can be reconciled. Our fully stochastic model generates spike sequences that can be seen as noise-perturbed oscillations of deterministic origin, while displaying statistical properties in agreement with experimental data. These underlying deterministic oscillations arise from a phenomenological spike nucleation mechanism. [less ▲]

Statistics of Colloidal Suspensions Stirred by Microswimmers

in Physical Review Letters (2019), 122(14),

We present a statistical analysis of the experimental trajectories of colloids in a dilute suspension of the green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The measured probability density function (pdf) of the ... [more ▼]

We present a statistical analysis of the experimental trajectories of colloids in a dilute suspension of the green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The measured probability density function (pdf) of the displacements of colloids covers 7 orders of magnitude. The pdfs are characterized by non-Gaussian tails for intermediate time intervals, but nevertheless they collapse when scaled with their standard deviation. This diffusive scaling breaks down for longer time intervals and the pdf becomes Gaussian. However, the mean squared displacements of tracer positions are linear over the complete measurement time interval. Experiments are performed for various tracer diameters, swimmer concentrations, and mean swimmer velocities. This allows a rigorous comparison with several theoretical models. We can exclude a description based on an effective temperature and other mean field approaches that describe the irregular motion as a sum of the fluctuating far field of many microswimmers. The data are best described by the microscopic model by J.-L. Thiffeault, Distribution of particle displacements due to swimming microorganisms, Phys. Rev. E 92, 023023 (2015). [less ▲]