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See detailCompetition Between Chemical Network Formation and Physical Adsorption and Desorption Processes in a Silica-Filled Silicone Rubber: Calorimetry versus Refractometry Studies
Krüger, Jan-Kristian UL; Müller, Ulrich UL; Zielinski, Bartosz UL et al

in Journal of Adhesion (2012), 88(7), 649-663

Calorimetry and high-performance refractometry are applied to study the network formation and accompanying morphological changes in reactive polydimethylsiloxane systems filled with silica nanoparticles ... [more ▼]

Calorimetry and high-performance refractometry are applied to study the network formation and accompanying morphological changes in reactive polydimethylsiloxane systems filled with silica nanoparticles. Both methods give insight into the structure formation during the polymerization of silica-filled silicone nanocomposites in an impressively complementary way. It will be shown that the specific heat flow as determined by calorimetry does not allow for estimating the chemical conversion whereas the refractive index does, which results from the different perspectives of both techniques on the relevant polymerization, adsorption, and desorption processes occurring in the nanocomposites. Finally, the interphase formation in the polymeric matrix in the vicinity of the nanoparticles and the network formation within the silicone rubber are demonstrated to be strongly correlated processes. [less ▲]

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See detailDissolution, transport and reaction at a DICY/DGEBA interface
Müller, Ulrich UL; Philipp, M.; Gaukler, J. C. et al

in Journal of Adhesion (2012), 88(3), 253-276

The curing of an epoxy consisting of the solid hardener dicyandiamide (DICY) and the resin diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) is studied in a system consisting of a tablet of DICY embedded in liquid ... [more ▼]

The curing of an epoxy consisting of the solid hardener dicyandiamide (DICY) and the resin diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) is studied in a system consisting of a tablet of DICY embedded in liquid DGEBA. Dissolution of DICY within the liquid DGEBA in combination with the transport of dissolved DICY from the tablet border into DGEBA and the chemical reaction of both reactants is studied by scanning Brillouin microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. Scanning Brillouin microscopy demonstrates the spatial and temporal evolution of the static and dynamic hypersonic properties in the course of curing in the vicinity of the DICY tablet. Infrared spectroscopy performed on epoxy pieces extracted from the final sample at different distances from the tablet surface give information about the spatial evolution of the curing process. The results achieved by both techniques are finally combined to yield a better understanding of the curing of DICY-based epoxies, which transform upon curing from strongly heterogeneous systems towards increasingly homogeneous systems. Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. [less ▲]

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See detailHeterogeneous Transport Processes and Unexpected Structure Formation in Layered Epoxy and Epoxy-Alumina Nanocomposite Systems
Philipp, Martine UL; Müller, Ulrich UL; Sanctuary, Roland UL et al

in Journal of Adhesion (2011), 87(11), 1073-1098

Static and dynamic hypersonic properties are probed to reveal the subtle interplay between demixing, matter transport, chemical network formation, polymer network swelling, and network damage in the ... [more ▼]

Static and dynamic hypersonic properties are probed to reveal the subtle interplay between demixing, matter transport, chemical network formation, polymer network swelling, and network damage in the vicinity of the interface between the reactants of amine-curing epoxies. An innovative time- and space-resolved acoustic microscopy, called scanning Brillouin microscopy, gives access to these competing transport and structure formation processes in epoxy systems consisting of either pure resin, alumina nanoparticles-filled resin, or various epoxy resin-hardener mixtures topped by a layer of pure hardener. Static and dynamic hypersonic properties are probed to reveal the subtle interplay between demixing, matter transport, chemical network formation, polymer network swelling, and network damage in the vicinity of the interface between the reactants of amine-curing epoxies. An innovative time- and space-resolved acoustic microscopy, called scanning Brillouin microscopy, gives access to these competing transport and structure formation processes in epoxy systems consisting of either pure resin, alumina nanoparticles-filled resin, or various epoxy resin-hardener mixtures topped by a layer of pure hardener. [less ▲]

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See detailGradient of the Mechanical Modulus in Glass-Epoxy-Metal Joints as Measured by Brillouin Microscopy.
Krüger, Jan-Kristian UL; Possart, Wulff; Bactavatchalou, R. et al

in Journal of Adhesion (2004), 80(7), 585-599

The newly developed Brillouin microscopy is used for the first time to measure in situ the longitudinal elastic stiffness coefficient in the GHz-range inside of glass-epoxy-metal joints as a function of ... [more ▼]

The newly developed Brillouin microscopy is used for the first time to measure in situ the longitudinal elastic stiffness coefficient in the GHz-range inside of glass-epoxy-metal joints as a function of distance from the substrates. Interphases with a local variation of mechanical properties are quantitatively characterized. These interphases possess unexpected widths of tens to hundreds of microns. Inside the interphases, the spatial variation of the longitudinal stiffness coefficient depends on the type of substrate, on the curing conditions for the epoxy and probably on the distribution of internal stresses. The obtained spatial mechanical profiles provide valuable insight into the morphology-driven mechanics of the interphase, but additional information is needed for a full understanding of their physical and chemical origin. The presented results prove the sensitivity of the Brillouin microscopy; the elastic stiffness coefficients are detected with an accuracy in the subpercentage range. The spatial resolution is better than 10 µm. [less ▲]

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