Delay Constrained Resource Allocation for NOMA Enabled Satellite Internet of Things with Deep Reinforcement Learning

in IEEE Internet of Things Journal (2020)

With the ever increasing requirement of transferring data from/to smart users within a wide area, satellite internet of things (S-IoT) networks has emerged as a promising paradigm to provide cost ... [more ▼]

With the ever increasing requirement of transferring data from/to smart users within a wide area, satellite internet of things (S-IoT) networks has emerged as a promising paradigm to provide cost-effective solution for remote and disaster areas. Taking into account the diverse link qualities and delay qualityof- service (QoS) requirements of S-IoT devices, we introduce a power domain non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme in the downlink S-IoT networks to enhance resource utilization efficiency and employ the concept of effective capacity to show delay-QoS requirements of S-IoT traffics. Firstly, resource allocation among NOMA users is formulated with the aim of maximizing sum effective capacity of the S-IoT while meeting the minimum capacity constraint of each user. Due to the intractability and non-convexity of the initial optimization problem, especially in the case of large-scale user-pair in NOMA enabled S-IoT. This paper employs a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithm for dynamic resource allocation. Specifically, channel conditions and/or delay-QoS requirements of NOMA users are carefully selected as state according to exact closed-form expressions as well as low-SNR and high-SNR approximations, a deep Q network is first adopted to yet reward and output the optimum power allocation coefficients for all users, and then learn to adjust the allocation policy by updating the weights of neural networks using gained experiences. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate that with a proper discount factor, reward design, and training mechanism, the proposed DRL based power allocation scheme can output optimal/near-optimal action in each time slot, and thus, provide superior performance than that achieved with a fixed power allocation strategy and orthogonal multiple access (OMA) scheme. [less ▲]

On Dantzig and Lasso estimators of the drift in a high dimensional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model

in Electronic Journal of Statistics (2020), 14(2), 4395-4420

A Meta-level Annotation Language for Legal Texts

in Lecture Notes in Computer Science (2020)

There are many legal texts which can greatly benefit from the supportof automated reasoning. Such support depends on the existence of a logical for-malization of the legal text. Among the methods used for ... [more ▼]

There are many legal texts which can greatly benefit from the supportof automated reasoning. Such support depends on the existence of a logical for-malization of the legal text. Among the methods used for the creation of theseknowledge bases, annotation tools attempt to abstract over the logical languageand support non-logicians in their efforts to formalize documents. Nevertheless,legal documents use a rich language which is not easy to annotate. In this paper,an existing annotation tool is being extended in order to support the formalization of a complex example - the GDPR’s article 13. The complexity of the article prevents a direct annotation using logical and deontical operators. This is overcome by the implementation of several macros. We demonstrate the automated reasoning over the formalized article and argue that macros can be used to formalizecomplex legal texts. [less ▲]

LUPE – Leistung unterstützen, Potenziale entdecken. Ein Projekt zur materialgestützten Förderung diagnostischer Fähigkeiten von Grundschullehrpersonen im Mathematik- und Sachunterricht

in Weigand, Gabriele; Fischer, Christian; Käpnick, Friedhelm (Eds.) et al Leistung macht Schule: Förderung leistungsstarker und potenziell besonders leistungsfähiger Schülerinnen und Schüler (2020)

Zur Unterstützung der Entwicklung leistungsstarker und potenziell besonders leistungsfähiger Schülerinnen und Schüler setzt das LemaS-Teilprojekt 20 LUPE bei den diagnostischen Kompetenzen der ... [more ▼]

Zur Unterstützung der Entwicklung leistungsstarker und potenziell besonders leistungsfähiger Schülerinnen und Schüler setzt das LemaS-Teilprojekt 20 LUPE bei den diagnostischen Kompetenzen der Lehrpersonen an. Basis hierfür ist ein Talententwicklungsmodell mit spezifischem Bezug zur Leistungsentwicklung in den MINT-Fächern (Mathematik und Sachunterricht – Bereich Natur & Technik) während der Grundschulzeit. Dieses Modell wird im LUPE-Projekt entwickelt, indem die Perspektiven von Wissenschaft und Praxis nutzbringend zusammengebracht und integriert werden. Aufbauend auf dem Talententwicklungsmodell werden fachspezifische Materialen entwickelt, in der Praxis erprobt und formativ evaluiert. Diese Materialien sollen Grundschullehrpersonen in den MINT-Fächern dabei unterstützen, aktiv und strukturiert Leistungspotenziale bei ihren Schülerinnen und Schülern zu suchen und zu finden – Strategien der psychologischen Diagnostik ergänzen die pädagogische Diagnostik im Schulalltag. Die Materialien, die von den Lehrpersonen im Unterricht flexibel eingesetzt werden können, kombinieren unterschiedliche Ansätze wie Verhaltensbeobachtungsmethoden, Interviews und diagnostisches Aufgabenmaterial. Es ist zu erwarten, dass das LUPE-Projekt die diagnostischen Fähigkeiten von Grundschullehrpersonen zur Erkennung (potenziell) leistungsstarker Schülerinnen und Schüler erhöht: Ihre Beobachtungsfähigkeit wird geschult und ihre Aufmerksamkeit auf alle Schülerinnen und Schüler gelenkt – und damit auch auf potenziell besonders leistungsfähige Schülerinnen und Schüler, die ansonsten eher unterschätzt oder übersehen werden. Zudem wird der Unterricht um Situationen angereichert, in denen Potenzial gezeigt und erkannt werden kann. [less ▲]

Measures of Executive Functions and Mathematical Skills are Distinct Even at a Young Age: A Meta-Analysis with Preschool Children

Scientific Conference (2020)

Measures of executive functions (inhibition, attention shifting, working memory) are linked to measures of mathematical skills in school students and adults. However, the magnitude of this relation in ... [more ▼]

Measures of executive functions (inhibition, attention shifting, working memory) are linked to measures of mathematical skills in school students and adults. However, the magnitude of this relation in preschool children is unclear. Following the literature on the differentiation of cognitive skills over time, some researchers suggest that tests of executive functions and mathematical skills measure the same underlying construct, while others suggest that they measure correlated but distinct constructs. This dispute does not only tap the question of how the constructs can be understood but also the question of cost and test efficiency (i.e., assessments of single vs. multiple constructs). Clarifying the relation between measures of the two constructs can be especially challenging because preschoolers cannot fill in commonly used questionnaires that require them to read. Thus, researchers have to resort to behavioral, verbal, apparatus-, or computer-based assessments of executive functions. As a result, executive functions may vary in their relation to mathematical skills as a consequence of their measurement. We examined the link between executive functions and early mathematical skills measures, conducting a meta-analysis of 26 studies containing 238 effect sizes for a total sample of 24,256 preschool children. Specifically, we synthesized the corresponding correlations and aimed to clarify which executive function assessments were used for preschool children and how assessment characteristics may moderate the correlation between executive functions and mathematical skills. Three-level random-effects meta-analysis revealed a small to moderate average correlation between executive functions and mathematical skills measures of preschool children, r = 0.35. The type of assessment (behavioral, verbal, apparatus-, or computer-based assessments) did not moderate this relation. Investigating the three executive functions separately, we found average correlations of r = 0.31 between mathematical skills and inhibition, r = 0.38 between mathematical skills and attention shifting, and r = 0.36 between mathematical skills and updating. These analyses will be supplemented by further moderator and sensitivity analyses. These findings emphasize the significant link between executive functions and mathematical skills measures in preschoolers—hereby, supporting that the measures of both constructs are distinct. In addition, under-researched areas around the assessment of executive functions and mathematical abilities will be discussed. [less ▲]

RAPPORT ANNUEL SUR LES MIGRATIONS ET L'ASILE Luxembourg 2019

Report (2020)

Le présent rapport trace les principaux développements et débats relatifs à la migration et à l'asile au Luxembourg en 2019. Le Luxembourg reste un pays d'immigration important, comme en témoignent les ... [more ▼]

Le présent rapport trace les principaux développements et débats relatifs à la migration et à l'asile au Luxembourg en 2019. Le Luxembourg reste un pays d'immigration important, comme en témoignent les chiffres du solde migratoire, qui reste la principale raison de la croissance démographique de la population résidente luxembourgeoise. L'immigration nette de ressortissants de pays tiers reste élevée (7 336) et dépasse celle des citoyens de l'Union européenne (UE; 4 806). Le nombre de personnes demandant une protection internationale est resté élevé en 2019 (2 047 demandes) par rapport aux niveaux enregistrés avant la «crise migratoire» (1 091 en 2014). Le regroupement familial reste la principale raison pour laquelle les ressortissants de pays tiers immigrent au Luxembourg, suivi des raisons économiques et de la protection internationale. Plusieurs développements majeurs se sont produits dans le domaine de la migration légale. L'introduction d'un nouveau visa de longue durée simplifie l'entrée et le séjour des ressortissants de pays tiers pour une période pouvant aller jusqu'à un an, sans avoir à demander un permis de séjour. Afin de garantir les droits des citoyens britanniques travaillant et résidant au Luxembourg avant le retrait du Royaume-Uni (UK) de l'UE (Brexit), quatre lois ont été adoptées, la plupart d'entre elles étant censées entrer en vigueur en cas d’un Brexit sans accord. D'autres changements importants liés à la migration résultent de l'adoption de la loi du 4 décembre 2019 modifiant la loi du 29 août 2009 sur la libre circulation des personnes et l'immigration. Cette loi prend en compte les commentaires de l'expert lors de l'évaluation en 2016 de l'application de Schengen. [less ▲]

Attack-Defence Frameworks: Argumentation-Based Semantics for Attack-Defence Trees.

in Graphical Models for Security - 7th International Workshop (2020)

Post-Quantum Anonymous Veto Networks

in E-Vote-ID 2020 (2020)

Modelling And Control Of Aerial Manipulators Considering Aerodynamic Effects

Doctoral thesis (2020)

Designing normative theories for ethical and legal reasoning: LogiKEy framework, methodology, and tool support

in Artificial Intelligence and Law (2020), 287

A framework and methodology|termed LogiKEy|for the design and engineering of ethical reasoners, normative theories and deontic logics is presented. The overall motivation is the development of suitable ... [more ▼]

A framework and methodology|termed LogiKEy|for the design and engineering of ethical reasoners, normative theories and deontic logics is presented. The overall motivation is the development of suitable means for the control and governance of intelligent autonomous systems. LogiKEy's unifying formal framework is based on semantical embeddings of deontic logics, logic combinations and ethico-legal domain theories in expressive classic higher-order logic (HOL). This meta-logical approach enables the provision of powerful tool support in LogiKEy: off-the-shelf theorem provers and model finders for HOL are assisting the LogiKEy designer of ethical intelligent agents to flexibly experiment with underlying logics and their combinations, with ethico-legal domain theories, and with concrete examples|all at the same time. Continuous improvements of these off-the-shelf provers, without further ado, leverage the reasoning performance in LogiKEy. Case studies, in which the LogiKEy framework and methodology has been applied and tested, give evidence that HOL's undecidability often does not hinder e fficient experimentation. [less ▲]