To hire or not to hire: the ambivalent impact of social rehire clauses on the Transfer of Undertakings Directive

in European Labour Law Journal (2020), 11(2), 225-244

Most EU countries are experiencing an increased use of Collective Labour Agreement clauses – Social Rehire Clauses – that oblige incoming service providers, while taking over a service, to employ all or ... [more ▼]

Most EU countries are experiencing an increased use of Collective Labour Agreement clauses – Social Rehire Clauses – that oblige incoming service providers, while taking over a service, to employ all or part of outgoing providers’ personnel or at least give these workers priority future hiring. In the established case law of the Court of Justice, rehiring personnel is considered a crucial element, which may trigger the application of Council Directive 2001/23 on transfers of undertakings. This article defends the need to keep Social Rehire Clauses outside the material scope of the Directive, in order to respect social partners’ collective autonomy and prevent opportunistic behaviours, while promoting a fair competition between employers. Constitutionally justified under Article 3(3) TEU, and Articles 9, 147 and 151(1) TFEU, the protection of employment pursued by Social Rehire Clauses should be interpreted as legitimate limitation to the economic freedoms enshrined in the Treaties and the Charter of Fundamental Rights. [less ▲]

Intergenerationale Familienbeziehungen im Übergang und Ambivalenzerfahrungen zwischen jungen Erwachsenen und ihren Eltern

in angewandte Forschung: Magazin für Psychogerontologie und Entwicklung über die Lebensspanne (2020), 6(Frühjahr),

Der Auszug der erwachsenen Kinder aus dem Elternhaus stellt für Eltern und junge Erwachsene gleichermaßen eine Transition in der Lebensspanne dar, die eine Regulation der familiären Beziehungen ... [more ▼]

Der Auszug der erwachsenen Kinder aus dem Elternhaus stellt für Eltern und junge Erwachsene gleichermaßen eine Transition in der Lebensspanne dar, die eine Regulation der familiären Beziehungen erforderlich macht und somit eine wichtige Familienentwicklungsaufgabe darstellt. Eltern sehen sich mit einer „empty nest“-Situation konfrontiert und mitunter kann sich das Loslassen für die Eltern als schwierig erweisen (Perrig-Chiello, 2014). Gerade im Jugend- und jungen Erwachsenenalter wird jedoch eine Anpassung der Beziehungen hin zu mehr Autonomie erforderlich, wohingegen Kontrolle und Einmischen seitens der Eltern zunehmend negativ erlebt wird. Insbesondere können sich hier unterschiedliche Zielsetzungen in den Beziehungen zwischen den Eltern und ihren erwachsenen Kindern ergeben, die mit dem Begriff des „intergenerational stake“ von Bengtson und Kollegen eingehend beschrieben wurden – junge Erwachsene streben einerseits nach Autonomie und Selbständigkeit, deren Eltern andererseits nach Kontinuität in den Beziehungen. Gleichzeitig bleiben Eltern für junge Erwachsene eine wichtige Quelle der Unterstützung und eine stabile Eltern-Kind-Beziehung bildet die Grundlage für eine gelungene Individuation (Buhl, 2003). Die Aushandlung der beiden fundamentalen Bedürfnisse nach Autonomie und Verbundenheit kennzeichnet Eltern-Kind-Beziehungen also ein Leben lang (Albert & Barros, 2017; Trommsdorff, 2006; Rothbaum & Trommsdorff, 2007). Was bedeuten diese widerstreitenden Tendenzen nun für die Qualität der Eltern-Kind-Beziehungen und insbesondere für das Erleben von Ambivalenz? Wie verändern sich die Eltern-Kind-Beziehungen mit dem Auszug aus dem Elternhaus? Diesen Fragen ist eine Studie an der Universität Luxemburg nachgegangen. Die Studie beschäftigte sich unter anderem mit den Ambivalenzerfahrungen junger Erwachsener und der Rolle des Auszugs aus dem Elternhaus. Befragt wurden junge Erwachsene im Alter zwischen 17 und 30 Jahren. [less ▲]

The stochastic maintenance location routing allocation problem for rolling stock

in International Journal of Production Economics (2020), 230

Imagining the World – Conceptions and Determinants of Internationalization in Higher Education Curricula Worldwide

in Sociology of Education (2020)

Cross-national analyses of university curricula are rare, particularly with a focus on internationalization, commonly studied as impacting higher education through the mobility of people, programs, and ... [more ▼]

Cross-national analyses of university curricula are rare, particularly with a focus on internationalization, commonly studied as impacting higher education through the mobility of people, programs, and campuses. By contrast, we argue that university knowledge shapes globalization by producing various sociopolitical conceptions beyond the nation-state. We examine variants of such a globalized society in 442,283 study programs from 17,129 universities in 183 countries. Three variants stand out, which vary across disciplines: an interstate model (prevalent in business and political science), a regional model (in political science and law), and a global model (in development studies and natural sciences). Regression models carried out on a subset of these data indicate that internationalized curricula are more likely in business schools, in universities with international offices, in those with a large number of social science offerings, and in those with membership in international university associations. We discuss these findings and their links to changes in universities’ environment, stressing the recursive relationship between globalization and higher education. [less ▲]

Assessing Task-orientation Potential in Primary Science Textbooks: Toward a New Approach

in Journal of Research in Science Teaching (2020), 57

Task orientation is currently a prominent concept under discussion in primary school didactics. It focuses on tasks along which pupils acquire competences on distinct levels of competence. The qualitative ... [more ▼]

Task orientation is currently a prominent concept under discussion in primary school didactics. It focuses on tasks along which pupils acquire competences on distinct levels of competence. The qualitative empirical study TAPSE (Textbook Analysis in Primary Science Education) pursues the question which conception of task orientation is present in current textbooks in primary science education. The study follows two foci: (a) The introduction of a new category system for the analysis of the task-orientation potential of tasks, based on the further development of existing category systems for analyzing tasks; and (b) the analysis of 994 task statements in science textbooks with respect to the didactic quality of their task orientation. The sample included nine primary science textbooks, four from Germany, and five from Luxembourg. Textbooks were selected from the most frequently sold series in the respective country. All tasks of the textbooks were analyzed deductively and inductively by four coders in three steps: (a) Identifying tasks with task-oriented potential; (b) itemizing different types of task-orientation potential; and (c) comparing the textbooks with respect to countryand period-specific manifestations of task orientation. Analysis indicated that (a) there are few tasks which meet the criteria of task orientation; (b) distinct types of task orientation can be generated, among which implicit forms dominate; and (c) differences occur in the characteristics of task orientation between older and newer textbooks as well as between German and Luxembourgish ones. Central points of discussion ensue from this: The need to develop models for social and cognitive activation for tasks, challenges for professional development for teachers, and support for pupils—in particular high achieving heterogenization. [less ▲]

Catalogue de mesures en faveur des jeunes confrontés à des transitions difficiles et en faveur des jeunes NEET.

Report (2020)

Proteggere o controllare? Il sistema europeo comune di asilo nello spazio Schengen

in Zapruder (2020), 51(Jan-Apr 2020), 34-53

Automated Recommendation of Templates for Legal Requirements

in Proceedings of the 28th IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE'20) (2020)

[Context] In legal requirements elicitation, requirements analysts need to extract obligations from legal texts. However, legal texts often express obligations only indirectly, for example, by attributing ... [more ▼]

[Context] In legal requirements elicitation, requirements analysts need to extract obligations from legal texts. However, legal texts often express obligations only indirectly, for example, by attributing a right to the counterpart. This phenomenon has already been described in the Requirements Engineering (RE) literature. [Objectives] We investigate the use of requirements templates for the systematic elicitation of legal requirements. Our work is motivated by two observations: (1) The existing literature does not provide a harmonized view on the requirements templates that are useful for legal RE; (2) Despite the promising recent advancements in natural language processing (NLP), automated support for legal RE through the suggestion of requirements templates has not been achieved yet. Our objective is to take steps toward addressing these limitations. [Methods] We review and reconcile the legal requirement templates proposed in RE. Subsequently, we conduct a qualitative study to define NLP rules for template recommendation. [Results and Conclusions] Our contributions consist of (a) a harmonized list of requirements templates pertinent to legal RE, and (b) rules for the automatic recommendation of such templates. We evaluate our rules through a case study on 400 statements from two legal domains. The results indicate a recall and precision of 82,3% and 79,8%, respectively. We show that introducing some limited interaction with the analyst considerably improves accuracy. Specifically, our human-feedback strategy increases recall by 12% and precision by 10,8%, thus yielding an overall recall of 94,3% and overall precision of 90,6%. [less ▲]

The low-dimensional algebraic cohomology of infinite-dimensional Lie algebras of Virasoro-type

Doctoral thesis (2020)

In this doctoral thesis, the low-dimensional algebraic cohomology of infinite-dimensional Lie algebras of Virasoro-type is investigated. The considered Lie algebras include the Witt algebra, the Virasoro ... [more ▼]

In this doctoral thesis, the low-dimensional algebraic cohomology of infinite-dimensional Lie algebras of Virasoro-type is investigated. The considered Lie algebras include the Witt algebra, the Virasoro algebra and the multipoint Krichever-Novikov vector field algebra. We consider algebraic cohomology, meaning we do not put any constraints of continuity on the cochains. The Lie algebras are considered as abstract Lie algebras in the sense that we do not work with particular realizations of the Lie algebras. The results are thus independent of any underlying choice of topology. The thesis is self-contained, as it starts with a technical chapter introducing the definitions, concepts and methods that are used in the thesis. For motivational purposes, some time is spent on the interpretation of the low-dimensional cohomology. First results include the computation of the first and the third algebraic cohomology of the Witt and the Virasoro algebra with values in the trivial and the adjoint module, the second algebraic cohomology being known already. A canonical link between the low-dimensional cohomology of the Witt and the Virasoro algebra is exhibited by using the Hochschild-Serre spectral sequence. More results are given by the computation of the low-dimensional algebraic cohomology of the Witt and the Virasoro algebra with values in general tensor-densities modules. The study consists of a mix between elementary algebra and algorithmic analysis. Finally, some results concerning the low-dimensional algebraic cohomology of the multipoint Krichever-Novikov vector field algebra are derived. The thesis is concluded with an outlook containing possible short-term goals that could be achieved in the near future as well as some long-term goals. [less ▲]

Borders and COVID-19

in Borders in Perspective (2020), 4