Zwischen neuem „Hör-Gefühl“ und „Psychoterror“: Die Debatte über die emotionale Wirkung der Kunstkopf-Stereophonie im Hörspiel der 1970er Jahre

in Heßler, Martina (Ed.) Technikemotionen (2020)

Women’s Empowerment and Child Wellbeing in Ethiopia

Report (2020)

Changing Trends in Gender Equality in Ethiopia

Report (2020)

Orienter les soins vers le patient partenaire. Un livre blanc pour la Grande Région

Book published by INTERREG APPS (2020)

Les différents chapitres de ce livre proposent une approche holistique pour faire évoluer le système de santé vers le partenariat de soins. Résultat de trois années de recherche et de concertation, le ... [more ▼]

Les différents chapitres de ce livre proposent une approche holistique pour faire évoluer le système de santé vers le partenariat de soins. Résultat de trois années de recherche et de concertation, le Livre Blanc s’appuie sur des recherches documentaires (analyse de la littérature scientifique et de la législation spécifique de chaque pays), des entretiens et des enquêtes auprès de nombreux acteurs, le repérage et l’analyse d’initiatives en GR et la discussion orientée vers le consensus. Par ailleurs, les propositions de recommandations ont été élaborées et discutées lors d’un séminaire interrégional réalisé en décembre 2019. Le Livre Blanc est structuré en 5 parties qui s’adressent chacune à un public ciblé. La première partie situe le contexte dans lequel s’est réalisé le projet et décrit la méthodologie du programme. La seconde partie est consacrée aux aspects réglementaires de l’approche patient partenaire et à leurs conséquences sur les pratiques et les initiatives analysées sur le terrain. Elle est destinée de manière privilégiée aux mandataires politiques. La troisième partie propose une réflexion sur le développement de stratégies de partenariat au niveau des institutions de santé. Elle concerne les gestionnaires des établissements de santé. La quatrième partie vise à amener les professionnels à s’interroger sur ce que le partenariat de soins peut leur apporter dans leurs pratiques de soins. Elle s’adresse, en particulier, aux acteurs en contact direct avec les patients. La cinquième et dernière partie suggère différentes voies possibles de développement de l’APPS dans les domaines de l’enseignement et de la recherche. Toutes ces parties s’adressent bien évidemment au patient, qui est au coeur de l’APPS. Les prises de position proposées par ce Livre Blanc s’appuient sur les données collectées par le consortium de recherche de 2017 à 2020. Dès lors, ce document ne peut être exhaustif et est appelé à évoluer, basé davantage sur une fonction vectrice de normes que de règles. Pour davantage d’information et pour connaitre nos activités et nos publications, rendezvous sur le site web du projet APPS (https://www.patientpartner.org/). [less ▲]

A review of studies exploring fetal alcohol spectrum disorders through eye tracking measures.

in Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry (2020), 103

The widespread cognitive and cerebral consequences of prenatal alcohol exposure have been established during the last decades, through the exploration of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) using ... [more ▼]

The widespread cognitive and cerebral consequences of prenatal alcohol exposure have been established during the last decades, through the exploration of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) using neuropsychological and neuroscience tools. This research field has recently benefited from the emergence of innovative measures, among which eye tracking, allowing a precise measure of the eye movements indexing a large range of cognitive functions. We propose a comprehensive review, based on PRISMA guidelines, of the eye tracking studies performed in populations with FASD. Studies were selected from the PsycINFO, PubMed and Scopus databases, and were evaluated through a standardized methodological quality assessment. Studies were classified according to the eye tracking indexes recorded (saccade characteristics, initial fixation, number of fixations, dwell time, gaze pattern) and the process measured (perception, memory, executive functions). Eye tracking data showed that FASD are mostly associated with impaired ocular perceptive/motor abilities (i.e., altered eye movements, centrally for saccade initiation), lower accuracy as well as increased error rates in saccadic eye movements involving working memory abilities, and reduced inhibitory control on saccades. After identifying the main limitations presented by the reviewed studies, we propose guidelines for future research, underlining the need to increase the standardization of diagnosis and evaluation tools, and to improve the methodological quality of eye tracking measures. [less ▲]

Making Encryption Feel Secure: Investigating how Descriptions of Encryption Impact Perceived Security

in The 5th European Workshop on Usable Security (EuroUSEC 2020) (2020)

When communication about security to end users is ineffective, people frequently misinterpret the protection offered by a system. The discrepancy between the security users perceive a system to have and ... [more ▼]

When communication about security to end users is ineffective, people frequently misinterpret the protection offered by a system. The discrepancy between the security users perceive a system to have and the actual system state can lead to potentially risky behaviors. It is thus crucial to understand how security perceptions are shaped by interface elements such as text-based descriptions of encryption. This article addresses the question of how encryption should be described to non-experts in a way that enhances perceived security. We tested the following within-subject variables in an online experiment (N=309): a) how to best word encryption, b) whether encryption should be described with a focus on the process or outcome, or both c) whether the objective of encryption should be mentioned d) when mentioning the objective of encryption, how to best describe it e) whether a hash should be displayed to the user. We also investigated the role of context (between subjects). The verbs “encrypt” and “secure” performed comparatively well at enhancing perceived security. Overall, participants stated that they felt more secure not knowing about the objective of encryption. When it is necessary to state the objective, positive wording of the objective of encryption worked best. We discuss implications and why using these results to design for perceived lack of security might be of interest as well. This leads us to discuss ethical concerns, and we give guidelines for the design of user interfaces where encryption should be communicated to end users. [less ▲]

A six month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of weekly exenatide in adolescents with obesity

in Pediatric Obesity (2020)

Background: Pharmacological treatment options for adolescents with obesity are very limited. Glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor-agonist could be a treatment option for adolescent obesity. Objective ... [more ▼]

Background: Pharmacological treatment options for adolescents with obesity are very limited. Glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor-agonist could be a treatment option for adolescent obesity. Objective: To investigate the effect of exenatide extended-release on body-mass-index (BMI)- SDS as primary outcome, and glucose-metabolism, cardiometabolic risk factors liver steatosis, and other BMI metrics as secondary outcomes, and its safety and tolerability in adolescents with obesity. Methods: Six-months, randomized, double-blinded, parallel, placebo-controlled clinical trial in patients (n=44, 10-18 years, females n=22) with BMI-SDS>2.0 or age-adapted-BMI>30 kg/m² according to WHO were included. Patients received lifestyle intervention and were randomized to exenatide extended-release 2 mg (n=22) or placebo (n=22) sub-cutaneousinjections given once weekly. Oral-glucose-tolerance-tests (OGTT) were conducted at the beginning and end of the intervention. Results: Exenatide reduced (p<0.05) BMI-SDS (-0.09; -0.18, 0.00), % BMI 95th percentile (- 2.9%; -5.4, -0.3), weight (-3 kg; -5.8, -0.1), waist circumference (-3.2 cm; -5.8, -0.7), subcutaneous adipose tissue (-552 cm3; -989, -114), 2-hour-glucose during OGTT (-15.3 mg/dL; -27.5, -3.1), total cholesterol (11.6 mg/dL; -21.7, -1.5) and BMI (-0.83 kg/m²; -1.68, 0.01) without significant change in liver fat content (-1.36; -3.12, 0.4; p=0.06) in comparison to placebo. Safety and tolerability profiles were comparable to placebo with the exception of mild adverse events being more frequent in exenatide-treated patients. Conclusions: Treatment of adolescents with severe obesity with extended-release exenatide is generally well tolerated and leads to a modest reduction in BMI metrics and improvement in glucose tolerance and cholesterol. The study indicates that the treatment provides additional beneficial effects beyond BMI-reduction for the patient group. [less ▲]

Moral decision-making in video games: A focus group study on player perceptions

in Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies (2020)

Moral dilemmas have become increasingly popular in single player video games, although it is still widely unknown why players find them pleasurable, how they process dilemmas, and which variables affect ... [more ▼]

Moral dilemmas have become increasingly popular in single player video games, although it is still widely unknown why players find them pleasurable, how they process dilemmas, and which variables affect the processing. Therefore, three different focus groups sessions with experienced players (N = 16) were conducted. Player perceptions of meaningful and morally relevant decision situations in video games were grouped for topics and contextualized with theoretical background (e.g., moral disengagement theory). Our findings support the notion that moral decision-making in video games is a dynamic interplay between game and user-dependent variables. Results show that in addition to interactivity, which reflects the inherent property of video games, statements can be broadly grouped into factors that describe player motivation (i.e., why they morally engage or disengage) and influencing factors that shape the moral interaction itself. In summary, the present findings provide insights into players' processing of moral dilemmas in video games. [less ▲]

Comparison of the Energy-Transfer Rates in Structural and Spectral Variants of the B800–850 Complex from Purple Bacteria

in Journal of Physical Chemistry B (2020), 124

Photosynthetic light harvesting can occur with a remarkable near-unity quantum efficiency. The B800–850 complex, also known as light-harvesting complex 2 (LH2), is the primary light-harvesting complex in ... [more ▼]

Photosynthetic light harvesting can occur with a remarkable near-unity quantum efficiency. The B800–850 complex, also known as light-harvesting complex 2 (LH2), is the primary light-harvesting complex in purple bacteria and has been extensively studied as a model system. The bacteriochlorophylls of the B800–850 complex are organized into two concentric rings, known as the B800 and B850 rings. However, depending on the species and growth conditions, the number of constituent subunits, the pigment geometry, and the absorption energies vary. While the dynamics of some B800–850 variants have been exhaustively characterized, others have not been measured. Furthermore, a direct and simultaneous comparison of how both structural and spectral differences between variants affect these dynamics has not been performed. In this work, we utilize ultrafast transient absorption measurements to compare the B800 to B850 energy-transfer rates in the B800–850 complex as a function of the number of subunits, geometry, and absorption energies. The nonameric B800–850 complex from Rhodobacter (Rb.) sphaeroides is 40% faster than the octameric B800–850 complex from Rhodospirillum (Rs.) molischianum, consistent with structure-based predictions. In contrast, the blue-shifted B800–820 complex from Rs. molischianum is only 20% faster than the B800–850 complex from Rs. molischianum despite an increase in the spectral overlap between the rings that would be expected to produce a larger increase in the energy-transfer rate. These measurements support current models that contain dark, higher-lying excitonic states to bridge the energy gap between rings, thereby maintaining similar energy-transfer dynamics. Overall, these results demonstrate that energy-transfer dynamics in the B800–850 complex are robust to the spectral and structural variations between species used to optimize energy capture and flow in purple bacteria. [less ▲]

A new enforcement tool: a Directive to protect whistle-blowers

in Business Law Review (2020), 41(2), 50-54