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See detailPreferences and the Dynamic Representative Consumer
Koulovatianos, Christos UL

Report (2005)

This paper provides families of time-separable, twice continuously differentiable, and strictly concave utility functions of a group of consumers that are both suffcient and necessary in order to have ... [more ▼]

This paper provides families of time-separable, twice continuously differentiable, and strictly concave utility functions of a group of consumers that are both suffcient and necessary in order to have linear aggregation in a single-commodity-type deterministic dynamic environment, in the presence of consumer wealth-, labor-productivity, and preference heterogeneity, for alternative settings where the rates of time preference can be the same or different across consumers. The employed concept of linear aggregation pertains the existence of a representative consumer with a time-separable utility function. It is proved that when the rates of time preference are choice-independent and heterogeneous across consumers, a representative consumer exists if, and only if, the momentary utility functions of all consumers are exponential. Results are also provided for, (i) common across consumers choice-independent rates of time preference, and, (ii) heterogeneous choice-dependent rates of time preference, and compared with previously identified sufficient conditions for aggregation in the existing literature. [less ▲]

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See detailShopping hours and price competition
Inderst, Roman; Irmen, Andreas UL

in European Economic Review (2005), 49(5), 1105-1124

This Paper develops an argument explaining why retail prices may rise in response to the deregulation of opening hours. We make this point in a model of imperfect duopolistic competition. In a deregulated ... [more ▼]

This Paper develops an argument explaining why retail prices may rise in response to the deregulation of opening hours. We make this point in a model of imperfect duopolistic competition. In a deregulated market retailers view the choice of opening hours as a means to increase the degree of perceived product differentiation thus relaxing price competition. If the opportunity costs of the time spent on shopping are sufficiently high the equilibrium configuration has asymmetric shopping hours where one retailer stays open for longer than the other does. Both retailers charge higher prices than under regulation, and both are strictly better off.<P>(This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.) [less ▲]

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See detailAktionärslegitimation und Satzungsfreiheit - Überlegungen zu § 123 AktG idF des UMAG
Zetzsche, Dirk Andreas UL; Simon, S.

in NZG. Neue Zeitschrift für Gesellschaftsrecht (2005)

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See detailPioglitazone reverses down-regulation of cardiac PPARgamma expression in Zucker diabetic fatty rats.
Pelzer, Theo; Jazbutyte, Virginija; Arias-Loza, Paula Anahi et al

in Biochemical and biophysical research communications (2005), 329(2), 726-32

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) plays a critical role in peripheral glucose homeostasis and energy metabolism, and inhibits cardiac hypertrophy in non-diabetic animal models ... [more ▼]

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) plays a critical role in peripheral glucose homeostasis and energy metabolism, and inhibits cardiac hypertrophy in non-diabetic animal models. The functional role of PPARgamma in the diabetic heart, however, is not fully understood. Therefore, we analyzed cardiac gene expression, metabolic control, and cardiac glucose uptake in male Zucker diabetic fatty rats (ZDF fa/fa) and lean ZDF rats (+/+) treated with the high affinity PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone or placebo from 12 to 24 weeks of age. Hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hypertriglyceridemia as well as lower cardiac PPARgamma, glucose transporter-4 and alpha-myosin heavy chain expression levels were detected in diabetic ZDF rats compared to lean animals. Pioglitazone increased body weight and improved metabolic control, cardiac PPARgamma, glut-4, and alpha-MHC expression levels in diabetic ZDF rats. Cardiac [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose uptake was not detectable by micro-PET studies in untreated and pioglitazone treated ZDF fa/fa rats but was observed after administration of insulin to pioglitazone treated ZDF fa/fa rats. PPARgamma agonists favorably affect cardiac gene expression in type-2 diabetic rats via activation and up-regulation of cardiac PPARgamma expression whereas improvement of impaired cardiac glucose uptake in advanced type-2 diabetes requires co-administration of insulin. [less ▲]

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See detailCandidate metabolic network states in human mitochondria. Impact of diabetes, ischemia, and diet.
Thiele, Ines UL; Price, Nathan D.; Vo, Thuy D. et al

in Journal of Biological Chemistry (2005), 280(12), 11683-95

The human mitochondrial metabolic network was recently reconstructed based on proteomic and biochemical data. Linear programming and uniform random sampling were applied herein to identify candidate ... [more ▼]

The human mitochondrial metabolic network was recently reconstructed based on proteomic and biochemical data. Linear programming and uniform random sampling were applied herein to identify candidate steady states of the metabolic network that were consistent with the imposed physico-chemical constraints and available experimental data. The activity of the mitochondrion was studied under four metabolic conditions: normal physiologic, diabetic, ischemic, and dietetic. Pairwise correlations between steady-state reaction fluxes were calculated in each condition to evaluate the dependence among the reactions in the network. Applying constraints on exchange fluxes resulted in predictions for intracellular fluxes that agreed with experimental data. Analyses of the steady-state flux distributions showed that the experimentally observed reduced activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase in vivo could be a result of stoichiometric constraints and therefore would not necessarily require enzymatic inhibition. The observed changes in the energy metabolism of the mitochondrion under diabetic conditions were used to evaluate the impact of previously suggested treatments. The results showed that neither normalized glucose uptake nor decreased ketone body uptake have a positive effect on the mitochondrial energy metabolism or network flexibility. Taken together, this study showed that sampling of the steady-state flux space is a powerful method to investigate network properties under different conditions and provides a basis for in silico evaluations of effects of potential disease treatments. [less ▲]

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See detailThe sarcolemmal calcium pump inhibits the calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T-cell pathway via interaction with the calcineurin A catalytic subunit.
Buch, Mamta H.; Pickard, Adam; Rodriguez, Antonio et al

in The Journal of biological chemistry (2005), 280(33), 29479-87

The calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T-cell (NFAT) pathway represents a crucial transducer of cellular function. There is increasing evidence placing the sarcolemmal calcium pump, or plasma ... [more ▼]

The calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T-cell (NFAT) pathway represents a crucial transducer of cellular function. There is increasing evidence placing the sarcolemmal calcium pump, or plasma membrane calcium/calmodulin ATPase pump (PMCA), as a potential modulator of signal transduction pathways. We demonstrate a novel interaction between PMCA and the calcium/calmodulin-dependent phosphatase, calcineurin, in mammalian cells. The interaction domains were located to the catalytic domain of PMCA4b and the catalytic domain of the calcineurin A subunit. Endogenous calcineurin activity, assessed by measuring the transcriptional activity of its best characterized substrate, NFAT, was significantly inhibited by 60% in the presence of ectopic PMCA4b. This inhibition was notably reversed by the co-expression of the PMCA4b interaction domain, demonstrating the functional significance of this interaction. PMCA4b was, however, unable to confer its inhibitory effect in the presence of a calcium/calmodulin-independent constitutively active mutant calcineurin A suggesting a calcium/calmodulin-dependent mechanism. The modulatory function of PMCA4b is further supported by the observation that endogenous calcineurin moves from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane when PMCA4b is overexpressed. We suggest recruitment by PMCA4b of calcineurin to a low calcium environment as a possible explanation for these findings. In summary, our results offer strong evidence for a novel functional interaction between PMCA and calcineurin, suggesting a role for PMCA as a negative modulator of calcineurin-mediated signaling pathways in mammalian cells. This study reinforces the emerging role of PMCA as a molecular organizer and regulator of signaling transduction pathways. [less ▲]

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See detailTargeted proteolysis sustains calcineurin activation.
Burkard, Natalie; Becher, Jan; Heindl, Cornelia et al

in Circulation (2005), 111(8), 1045-53

BACKGROUND: Calcineurin (CnA) is important in the regulation of myocardial hypertrophy. We demonstrated that targeted proteolysis of the CnA autoinhibitory domain under pathological myocardial workload ... [more ▼]

BACKGROUND: Calcineurin (CnA) is important in the regulation of myocardial hypertrophy. We demonstrated that targeted proteolysis of the CnA autoinhibitory domain under pathological myocardial workload leads to increased CnA activity in human myocardium. Here, we investigated the proteolytic mechanism leading to activation of CnA. METHODS AND RESULTS: In patients with diseased myocardium, we found strong nuclear translocation of CnA. In contrast, in normal human myocardium, there was a cytosolic distribution of CnA. Stimulation of rat cardiomyocytes with angiotensin (Ang) II increased calpain activity significantly (433+/-11%; P<0.01; n=6) and caused proteolysis of the autoinhibitory domain of CnA. Inhibition of calpain by a membrane-permeable calpain inhibitor prevented proteolysis. We identified the cleavage site of calpain in the human CnA sequence at amino acid 424. CnA activity was increased after Ang II stimulation (310+/-29%; P<0.01; n=6) and remained high after removal of Ang II (214+/-17%; P<0.01; n=6). Addition of a calpain inhibitor to the medium decreased CnA activity (110+/-19%; P=NS; n=6) after removal of Ang II. Ang II stimulation of cardiomyocytes also translocated CnA into the nucleus as demonstrated by immunohistochemical staining and transfection assays with GFP-tagged CnA. Calpain inhibition and therefore suppression of calpain-mediated proteolysis of CnA enabled CnA exit from the nucleus. CONCLUSIONS: Ang II stimulation of cardiomyocytes increased calpain activity, leading to proteolysis of the autoinhibitory domain of CnA. This causes an increase in CnA activity and results in nuclear translocation of CnA. Loss of the autoinhibitory domain renders CnA constitutively nuclear and active, even after removal of the hypertrophic stimulus. [less ▲]

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See detailÜberlegungen zum Thema „Bildungsstandards“ in fremd- und zweitsprachlichen Kontexten.
Hu, Adelheid UL

in Bausch, K.-R.; Burwitz-Meltzer, E.; Königs, F. (Eds.) et al Dokumentation der Frühjahrskonferenz zur Erforschung des Fremdsprachenlernens Februar 2005 (2005)

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See detail„Ich glaub’, sie wollen uns mehr integrieren...“ Ausgewählte Ergebnisse einer qualitativ-empirischen Studie zu schulischem Sprachenunterricht und migrationsbedingter Mehrsprachigkeit.
Hu, Adelheid UL

in Wolff, A.; Ostermann, T. (Eds.) Integration durch Sprache. Dokumentation der 31. Jahrestagung DaF 2003 (2005)

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See detailKulturwissenschaft(en) und Fremdsprachenforschung
Hu, Adelheid UL

in Schumann, A. (Ed.) Kulturwissenschaften und Fremdsprachendidaktik im Dialog. Perspektiven eines interkulturellen Französischunterricht. (2005)

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See detailLa dématérialisation médiate des titres fongibles en droit luxembourgeois
Prüm, André UL

in de Vauplane, Hubert (Ed.) 20 ans de dématérialisation des titres en France : Bilan et perspectives nationales et internationales (2005)

Ce livre est le résultat du colloque organisé conjointement par l'Association européenne pour le droit bancaire et financier (AEDBF) - France et la Fédération bancaire française (FBF) à l'occasion de l ... [more ▼]

Ce livre est le résultat du colloque organisé conjointement par l'Association européenne pour le droit bancaire et financier (AEDBF) - France et la Fédération bancaire française (FBF) à l'occasion de l'anniversaire des vingt années de mise en œuvre de la dématérialisation des titres en France. L'originalité de cet ouvrage réside dans la conjonction de plusieurs événements qui conduisent, tant au niveau national qu'international, à une nouvelle vision du droit des titres dématérialisés. Il s'inscrit dans le cadre des réformes en cours en France et à l'international en matière d'opérations post-marché (back-office), notamment les travaux en Europe sur les activités de Clearing & Settlement. Il présente les enjeux de ces réformes pour le marché français en tenant compte des travaux internationaux de la Conférence internationale de droit privé de La Haye et Unidroit. Au niveau national, cette double réforme - plus qu'une réforme technique, c'est une profonde mutation juridique -, opérée par les ordonnances du 24 juin 2004 et du 31 mars 2005, marque une étape nouvelle dans le processus d'unification du régime juridique applicable aux titres inscrits en compte et définit le rôle dévolu à l'inscription en compte dans la détermination du moment du transfert de propriété. Sur le plan international, les projets nés du constat de l'extrême fragilité des transferts de titres transfrontaliers, notamment du fait que de nombreux pays ont toujours une détention matérielle et physique des titres, ont conduit ces pays à adopter un système de dématérialisation. A l'heure où l'industrie mondiale des valeurs mobilières se tourne vers la dématérialisation des titres, il n'était pas possible de passer sous silence la commémoration des 20 années de mise en œuvre de ce régime en France dans la mesure où celle-ci constitue un modèle étudié, et parfois envié, de détention des valeurs mobilières. La première partie de cet ouvrage rassemble des contributions traçant un bilan sous l'angle juridique et pratique des 20 années écoulées depuis l'entrée en vigueur de la réforme de détention des titres en France. La seconde partie pose un regard vers l'avenir du régime de dématérialisation des titres, tant en France qu'à l'étranger. Enfin, la troisième partie propose un recueil des textes - de droit français, de droit communautaire et de droit international - applicables en la matière. Plus spécifiquement pour la France, l'ouvrage reproduit les textes de lois et les règlements et offre une source bibliographique et jurisprudentielle d'une exceptionnelle richesse. Pour les autres systèmes juridiques présentés une brève bibliographie est annexée. Ce livre constitue un outil de travail unique, tant pour les professionnels des titres et des marchés financiers que pour les chercheurs. [less ▲]

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See detailSonderpädagogische Fördersysteme im 20. Jahrhundert: Ein deutsch-amerikanischer Vergleich
Powell, Justin J W UL

in Vierteljahresschrift für Heilpädagogik und ihre Nachbargebiete (2005), 74(2), 165-167

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See detailGossip-based greedy Gaussian mixture learning
Vlassis, Nikos UL; Sfakianakis, Y.; Kowalczyk, W.

in Lecture Notes in Computer Science (2005)

It has been recently demonstrated that the classical EM algorithm for learning Gaussian mixture models can be successfully implemented in a decentralized manner by resorting to gossip-based randomized ... [more ▼]

It has been recently demonstrated that the classical EM algorithm for learning Gaussian mixture models can be successfully implemented in a decentralized manner by resorting to gossip-based randomized distributed protocols. In this paper we describe a gossip-based implementation of an alternative algorithm for learning Gaussian mixtures in which components are added to the mixture one after another. Our new Greedy Gossip-based Gaussian mixture learning algorithm uses gossip-based parallel search, starting from multiple initial guesses, for finding good components to add to the mixture in each component allocation step. It can be executed on massive networks of small computing devices, converging to a solution exponentially faster than its centralized version, while reaching the same quality of generated models. [less ▲]

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See detailMehrsprachigkeit und Identität. Überlegungen für ein aufgabenorientiertes sprachübergreifendes Projekt im Französisch- und Spanischunterricht der Sekundarstufe I
Hu, Adelheid UL

in Müller-Hartmann, A.; Schocker-von-Dittfurth, M. (Eds.) Aufgabenorientierung im Fremdsprachenunterricht. Tasked based language learning and teaching. Festschrift zum 60. Geburtstag von Michael Legutke. (2005)

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See detailUn modèle cellulaire et dynamique de dispersion et ségrégation spatiale périurbaine
Caruso, Geoffrey UL

in Buisson, Marie-Andrée; Mignot, Dominique (Eds.) Concentration économique et ségréegation spatiale (2005)

Cette contribution propose d’explorer les processus de dispersion des ménages et de ségrégation par le revenu au sein d’un espace périurbain. La méthode consiste à simuler un modèle économique urbain avec ... [more ▼]

Cette contribution propose d’explorer les processus de dispersion des ménages et de ségrégation par le revenu au sein d’un espace périurbain. La méthode consiste à simuler un modèle économique urbain avec deux types d’externalités de voisinage sur un espace cellulaire. Il permet la mise en place de processus dynamiques locaux endogènes et offre un éclairage sur la relation qui unit la morphologie des espaces périurbains et les caractéristiques des agents économiques qui s’y localisent. Des structures spatiales diverses sont générées sur deux configurations données des lots fonciers. Les équilibres présentent des structures concentriques constituées de multiples anneaux mais aussi, au cours des étapes de la croissance de la ville, des processus de dégradation cumulée ou des structures plus indépendantes de la distance. [less ▲]

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See detailGrenzüberschreitung durch Aufbrechen erstarrter sprachlicher Konventionen: Neuinszenierungen von ‚Kultur’ und ‚Sprache’ in der Rhetorik postkolonialer Theoriebildung
Hu, Adelheid UL

in Duxa, A.; Hu, A.; Schmenk, B. (Eds.) Grenzen überschreiten. Menschen, Sprachen, Kulturen. (2005)

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See detailAuthentification Distribuée sur Grille de Grappes basée sur LDAP
Varrette, Sébastien UL; Georget, S.; Roch, J.-L. et al

in Proc. des 16èmes rencontres francophones du parallélisme (RenPar'16) (2005)

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See detailFasten und (Über)-essen: Auswirkungen von Jojo-Diäten auf Parameter der kardialen sympatho-vagalen Balance
Coles, Justine; Vögele, Claus UL; Hilbert, Anja et al

in Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie (2005), (34), 95-103

Background: Findings from animal studies suggest sympathetic inhibition during dietary restriction as opposed to increased sympathetic activity during re-feeding. Objective: The present study investigated ... [more ▼]

Background: Findings from animal studies suggest sympathetic inhibition during dietary restriction as opposed to increased sympathetic activity during re-feeding. Objective: The present study investigated sympatho-vagal balance in relation to endocrinological parameters of malnutrition status in women diagnosed with bulimia nervosa. Methods: Sixteen female volunteers diagnosed with bulimia nervosa were categorised according to their serum profile (glucose, pre-albumin, insuline-like growth factor, TSH, leptin) into currently malnourished (i.e. fasting) versus non-malnourished (not fasting) and compared with fourteen non-eating disordered controls matched for age and BMI. Spectral components of heart rate variability (HRV) were calculated on resting heart rate data using autoregressive analysis. Results: As expected, fasting bulimic women displayed lower values of resting heart rate compared to non-fasting women and controls. Non-fasting bulimic women consistently showed lower results in the vagally mediated component and significantly higher results in the sympathetically mediated component of HRV. Conclusions: These results confirm the notion of cardiac sympathetic inhibition during caloric restriction and increased activity during periods of normal eating or bingeing. [less ▲]

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