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See detailCrowdsourcing digital health measures to predict Parkinson's disease severity: the Parkinson's Disease Digital Biomarker DREAM Challenge
Sieberts, S.; Schaff, J.; Duda, M. et al

in npj Digital Medicine (2021), 4(53),

Consumer wearables and sensors are a rich source of data about patients’ daily disease and symptom burden, particularly in the case of movement disorders like Parkinson’s Disease (PD). However ... [more ▼]

Consumer wearables and sensors are a rich source of data about patients’ daily disease and symptom burden, particularly in the case of movement disorders like Parkinson’s Disease (PD). However, interpreting these complex data into so-called digital biomarkers requires complicated analytical approaches, and validating these biomarkers requires sufficient data and unbiased evaluation methods. Here we describe the use of crowdsourcing to specifically evaluate and benchmark features derived from accelerometer and gyroscope data in two different datasets to predict the presence of PD and severity of three PD symptoms: tremor, dyskinesia and bradykinesia. Forty teams from around the world submitted features, and achieved drastically improved predictive performance for PD status (best AUROC=0.87), as well as tremor- (best AUPR=0.75), dyskinesia- (best AUPR=0.48) and bradykinesia-severity (best AUPR=0.95). [less ▲]

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See detailProperties and mechanisms of self-sensing carbon nanofibers/epoxy composites for structural health monitoring
Wang, Y.L; Wang, Y.; Wan, B.L et al

in Composite Structures (2018), 200

In this paper, carbon nanofibers (CNFs) with high aspect ratio were dispersed into epoxy matrix via mechanical stirring and ultrasonic treatment to fabricate self-sensing CNFs/epoxy composites. The ... [more ▼]

In this paper, carbon nanofibers (CNFs) with high aspect ratio were dispersed into epoxy matrix via mechanical stirring and ultrasonic treatment to fabricate self-sensing CNFs/epoxy composites. The mechanical, electrical and piezoresistive properties of the nanocomposites filled with different contents of CNFs were investigated. Based on the tunneling conduction and percolation conduction theories, the mechanisms of piezoresistive property of the nanocomposites were also explored. The experimental results show that adding CNFs can effectively enhance the compressive strengths and elastic moduli of the composites. The percolation threshold of the CNFs/epoxy composites is 0.186 vol% according to the modified General Effective Media Equation. Moreover, the stable and sensitive piezoresistive response of CNFs/epoxy composites was observed under monotonic and cyclic loadings. It can be demonstrated that adding CNFs into epoxy-based composites provides an innovative means of self-sensing, and the high sensitivity and stable piezoresistivity endow the CNFs/epoxy composites with considerable potentials as efficient compressive strain sensors for structural health monitoring of civil infrastructures. [less ▲]

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See detailKinetics and thermodynamics of reversible polymerization in closed systems
Lahiri, S.; Wang, Y.; Esposito, Massimiliano UL et al

in New Journal of Physics (2015), 17(8),

Motivated by a recent study on the metabolism of carbohydrates in bacteria, we study the kinetics and thermodynamics of two classic models for reversible polymerization, one preserving the total polymer ... [more ▼]

Motivated by a recent study on the metabolism of carbohydrates in bacteria, we study the kinetics and thermodynamics of two classic models for reversible polymerization, one preserving the total polymer concentration and the other one not. The chemical kinetics is described by rate equations following the mass-action law. We consider a closed system and nonequilibrium initial conditions and show that the system dynamically evolves towards equilibrium where a detailed balance is satisfied. The entropy production during this process can be expressed as the time derivative of a Lyapunov function. When the solvent is not included in the description and the dynamics conserves the total concentration of polymer, the Lyapunov function can be expressed as a Kullback-Leibler divergence between the nonequilibrium and the equilibrium polymer length distribution. The same result holds true when the solvent is explicitly included in the description and the solution is assumed dilute, whether or not the total polymer concentration is conserved. Furthermore, in this case a consistent nonequilibrium thermodynamic formulation can be established and the out-of-equilibrium thermodynamic enthalpy, entropy and free energy can be identified. Such a framework is useful in complementing standard kinetics studies with the dynamical evolution of thermodynamic quantities during polymerization. © 2015 IOP Publishing Ltd and Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft. [less ▲]

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See detailA transformation of the position based visual servoing problem into a convex optimization problem
Wang, Y.; Thunberg, Johan UL; Yu, X.

in Proceedings of the 51th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (2012)

Here we address the problem of moving a camera from an initial pose to a final pose. The trajectory between the two poses is subject to constraints on the camera motion and the visibility, where we have ... [more ▼]

Here we address the problem of moving a camera from an initial pose to a final pose. The trajectory between the two poses is subject to constraints on the camera motion and the visibility, where we have bounds on the allowed velocities and accelerations of the camera and require that a set of point features are visible for the camera. We assume that the pose is possible to retrieve from the observations of the point features, i.e., we have a Position Based Visual Servoing Problem with constraints. We introduce a two step method that transforms the problem into a convex optimization problem with linear constraints. In the first step the rotational motion is restricted to be of a certain type. This restriction allows us to retrieve an explicit solution of the rotational motion that is optimal in terms of minimizing geodesic distance. Furthermore, this restriction guarantees that the rotational motion satisfies the constraints. Using the explicit solution, we can formulate a convex optimization problem for the translational motion, where we include constraints on workspace and visibility. [less ▲]

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