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   TOrPEDO: Witnessing Model Correctness with Topological ProofsMenghi, Claudio  ; ; et alin Formal Aspects of Computing (2021), 33(6), 1039-1066 Model design is not a linear, one-shot process. It proceeds through refinements and revisions. To effectively support developers in generating model refinements and revisions, it is desirable to have some ... [more ▼] Model design is not a linear, one-shot process. It proceeds through refinements and revisions. To effectively support developers in generating model refinements and revisions, it is desirable to have some automated-support to verify evolvable models. To address this problem, we recently proposed to adopt topological proofs, which are slices of the original model that witness property satisfaction. We implemented TOrPEDO, a framework that provides automated support for using topological proofs during model design. Our results showed that topological proofs are significantly smaller than the original models, and that, in most of the cases, they allow the property to be re-verified by relying only on a simple syntactic check. However, our results also show that the procedure that computes topological proofs, which requires extracting unsatisfiable cores of LTL formulae, is computationally expensive. For this reason, TOrPEDO currently handles models with a small dimension. With the intent of providing practical and efficient support for flexible model design and wider adoption of our framework, in this paper, we propose an enhanced – re-engineered – version of TOrPEDO. The new version of TOrPEDO relies on a novel procedure to extract topological proofs, which has so far represented the bottleneck of TOrPEDO performances. We implemented our procedure within TOrPEDO by considering Partial Kripke Structures (PKSs) and Linear-time Temporal Logic (LTL): two widely used formalisms to express models with uncertain parts and their properties. To extract topological proofs, the new version of TOrPEDO converts the LTL formulae into an SMT instance and reuses an existing SMT solver (e.g., Microsoft Z3) to compute an unsatisfiable core. Then, the unsatisfiable core returned by the SMT solver is automatically processed to generate the topological proof. We evaluated TOrPEDO by assessing (i) how does the size of the proofs generated by TOrPEDO compares to the size of the models being analyzed; and (ii) how frequently the use of the topological proof returned by TOrPEDO avoids re-executing the model checker. Our results show that TOrPEDO provides proofs that are smaller (≈60%) than their respective initial models effectively supporting designers in creating model revisions. In a significant number of cases (≈79%), the topological proofs returned by TOrPEDO enable assessing the property satisfaction without re-running the model checker. We evaluated our new version of TOrPEDO by assessing (i) how it compares to the previous one; and (ii) how useful it is in supporting the evaluation of alternative design choices of (small) model instances in applied domains. The results show that the new version of TOrPEDO is significantly more efficient than the previous one and can compute topological proofs for models with less than 40 states within two hours. The topological proofs and counterexamples provided by TOrPEDO are useful to support the development of alternative design choices of (small) model instances in applied domains. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 204 (19 UL)Integrating Topological Proofs with Model Checking to Instrument Iterative DesignMenghi, Claudio ; ; in Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering, FASE 2020 (2020, April) System development is not a linear, one-shot process. It proceeds through refinements and revisions. To support assurance that the system satisfies its requirements, it is desirable that continuous ... [more ▼] System development is not a linear, one-shot process. It proceeds through refinements and revisions. To support assurance that the system satisfies its requirements, it is desirable that continuous verification can be performed after each refinement or revision step. To achieve practical adoption, formal verification must accommodate continuous verification efficiently and effectively. Model checking provides developers with information useful to improve their models only when a property is not satisfied, i.e., when a counterexample is returned. However, it is desirable to have some useful information also when a property is instead satisfied. To address this problem we propose TOrPEDO, an approach that supports verification in two complementary forms: model checking and proofs. While model checking is typically used to pinpoint model behaviors that violate requirements, proofs can instead explain why requirements are satisfied. In our work, we introduce a specific notion of proof, called Topological Proof. A topological proof produces a slice of the original model that justifies the property satisfaction. Because models can be incomplete, TOrPEDO supports reasoning on requirements satisfaction, violation, and possible satisfaction (in the case where satisfaction depends on unknown parts of the model). Evaluation is performed by checking how topological proofs support software development on 12 modeling scenarios and 15 different properties obtained from 3 examples from literature. Results show that: (i) topological proofs are ≈60% smaller than the original models; (ii) after a revision, in ≈78% of cases, the property can be re-verified by relying on a simple syntactic check. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 179 (23 UL) Syntax-driven program verification of matching logic properties.Bianculli, Domenico ; ; et alin Proceedings of the 3rd FME Workshop on Formal Methods in Software Engineering (FormaliSE 2015) (2015, May) Detailed reference viewed: 167 (7 UL) |
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