![]() ; Schafer, Valerie ![]() in Internet Histories: Digital Technology, Culture and Society (2019), 3(1), This special issue, which includes a translation of part of the conclusion of Serres’ thesis on the emergence of ARPANET (a work which is relatively unknown in the English-speaking community), two ... [more ▼] This special issue, which includes a translation of part of the conclusion of Serres’ thesis on the emergence of ARPANET (a work which is relatively unknown in the English-speaking community), two original articles and two interviews, is linked to the celebration of the 50th anniversary of the ARPANET and the desire to reconsider, 50 years on, the birth of this heterogeneous network that has left such a deep mark on the history of data networks. If we consider ARPANET as a first step towards the Internet, how did it determine – and how does it continue to determine – our current understanding of the Internet? What is left to explore and discover in ARPANET’s history? And if ARPANET is dead today, are its legacy and spirit still alive, and if so, in what way? While the few texts collected are of course not intended to provide all the answers, we hope that they will at least give food for thought. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 146 (7 UL)![]() ; ; Schafer, Valerie ![]() Book published by OpenEdition Press (2019) Bien que le Web ait seulement trente ans, son patrimoine est déjà pléthorique : la fondation Internet Archive a collecté plus de 345 milliards de pages web depuis 1996. Cette fondation, qui fut l’un des ... [more ▼] Bien que le Web ait seulement trente ans, son patrimoine est déjà pléthorique : la fondation Internet Archive a collecté plus de 345 milliards de pages web depuis 1996. Cette fondation, qui fut l’un des pionniers de l’archivage du Web, n’est pas seule à préserver et collecter aujourd’hui ce patrimoine dit « nativement numérique ». Au cours des années 2000, plusieurs pays ont en effet lancé de tels archivages, souvent confiés aux bibliothèques nationales, et cette tendance ne cesse de s’affirmer depuis. Ces initiatives introduisent des ruptures : dans la notion même d’archive, mais aussi dans les pratiques des professionnels des bibliothèques et du patrimoine, tout comme dans celles des chercheurs. Cet ouvrage se propose d’initier le lecteur aux enjeux humains et techniques de l’archivage de la Toile, de la collecte à l’analyse en passant par la création et le partage de corpus ou encore le cadre législatif. Il étudie de manière pragmatique cet archivage, en essayant de rendre palpable à la fois sa fabrique (technique, institutionnelle, juridique), la relation que ses acteurs entretiennent avec les publics et les évolutions qu’ont connues les collectes en une vingtaine d’années. Ce livre s’intéresse également à la manière dont les archives du Web, outre leur rôle patrimonial, peuvent aujourd’hui être exploitées par différents acteurs, notamment à des fins de recherche. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 209 (8 UL)![]() Schafer, Valerie ![]() ![]() in Internet Histories: Digital Technology, Culture and Society (2019) Alexandre Serres’ PhD, “Aux sources d’Internet: l’!emergence d’ARPANET” (“The origins of the Internet: the Emergence of ARPANET”), defended in 2000, is quite influential in Francophone research literature ... [more ▼] Alexandre Serres’ PhD, “Aux sources d’Internet: l’!emergence d’ARPANET” (“The origins of the Internet: the Emergence of ARPANET”), defended in 2000, is quite influential in Francophone research literature and discourse on Internet histories. However, yet untranslated, it has remained little known in Anglophone scholarly circles. The results of this thesis, which strongly echoes other articles and interviews, that are part of this special issue on ARPANET, remain still relevant and valid and we have chosen to introduce the reader to the final part of Serres’ research – an inevitable choice within the 600 pages of this work. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 238 (6 UL)![]() ; Schafer, Valerie ![]() in Internet Histories: Digital Technology, Culture and Society (2019), 3(1), 1-14 ARPANET’s story is part of the Internet’s official heritage, as a first crucial step in its development. Janet Abbate’s seminal work Inventing the Internet (1999) has extensively covered its history and ... [more ▼] ARPANET’s story is part of the Internet’s official heritage, as a first crucial step in its development. Janet Abbate’s seminal work Inventing the Internet (1999) has extensively covered its history and is still a landmark in this area. However, the 50th anniversary of ARPANET provides an opportunity to reflect on existing histories and to open up the debate to new perspectives and approaches. If we consider ARPANET as a first step towards the Internet, how did it determine – and how does it continue to determine – our current understanding of the Internet? What is left to explore and discover in ARPANET’s history? And if ARPANET is dead today, are its legacy and spirit still alive, and if so, in what way? [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 107 (2 UL)![]() Schafer, Valerie ![]() in Internet Histories: Digital Technology, Culture and Society (2018) Although the ARPANET was a United States-funded project that was deeply rooted in US post-war science and technology policies, it had an international dimension from its very early days. The memories of ... [more ▼] Although the ARPANET was a United States-funded project that was deeply rooted in US post-war science and technology policies, it had an international dimension from its very early days. The memories of Michel Elie and Gerard Le Lann are oriented towards their US experience. They testify to an early French presence in the ARPANET project at two stages of its history: in 1969–1970, when the first nodes came into activity, and in 1973–1974, when TCP, which evolved into TCP/IP and became the Internet’s flagship protocol, was defined, replacing NCP, which was at the heart of the ARPANET. They thus highlight crucial but different sides of the ARPANET’s genesis. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 164 (4 UL)![]() ; Schafer, Valerie ![]() in Hermès: Cognition, Communication, Politique (2015), 71 La communication a connu une patrimonialisation en amont du numérique, par la préservation de ses artefacts techniques ou de formes d’expressions politiques et médiatiques (discours politiques, écrits ... [more ▼] La communication a connu une patrimonialisation en amont du numérique, par la préservation de ses artefacts techniques ou de formes d’expressions politiques et médiatiques (discours politiques, écrits célèbres de la presse, émissions radiophoniques ou télévisées, etc.). Toutefois, le patrimoine nativement numérique semble engager une patrimonialisation élargie, prenant en compte des formes plus triviales et des composantes plus « ordinaires » de la communication, symptôme de l’intérêt contemporain grandissant pour l’objet communicationnel, dont nous posons l’hypothèse que le XXe siècle a préparé le terrain. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 85 (1 UL) |
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