Externalisation de la politique migratoire et identité de l'Union européenne

in Benlolo, Myriam (Ed.) L'Union européenne et les migrations (in press)

Article 47 of the Charter in the Opinion procedure

in European Papers (in press)

This paper affirms that external relations are outside the scope of Article 47 of the Charter. This does not however mean that the principle of judicial protection and the right of access to an ... [more ▼]

This paper affirms that external relations are outside the scope of Article 47 of the Charter. This does not however mean that the principle of judicial protection and the right of access to an independent tribunal have only an internal EU law dimension. In Opinion 1/17, The Court of Justice could assess the CETA’s compatibility with the right of access to an independent tribunal without having recourse to Article 47 of the Charter, on the ground either of the principle of autonomy or of the compatibility with the substantive provisions of the common commercial policy. This paper argues that while judicial protection as part of the autonomy claim could meet some conceptual limits, promoting judicial protection as part of the common commercial policy could reinforce the perception that the Union is a credible and influential actor in international trade and in international procedural law. [less ▲]

Permanent investment courts and the EU legal order

in European Yearbook of International Economic Law (in press)

In the external action of the Union, the establishment of permanent investment courts is not only part of the common commercial policy, but also an expression of the objective to promote the rule of law ... [more ▼]

In the external action of the Union, the establishment of permanent investment courts is not only part of the common commercial policy, but also an expression of the objective to promote the rule of law and to act as an influential actor in international procedural law. Through its participation in agreements establishing a bilateral investment court system (ICS) and in the negotiation of the convention establishing a Multilateral Investment Court (MIC), the Union aims to promote its own standards of judicial protection while preserving the constitutional framework at the basis of the principle of autonomy. The present paper deals with the question of division of competences, especially in the context of the establishment of a MIC and in the allocation of international responsibility in Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) mechanisms. Moreover, it discusses the scope of fundamental principles of the EU legal order through the position of the Court of Justice in Opinion 1/17 and the analysis of the compatibility of the ICS with primary EU law. While the principles of conferral and of the autonomy of the EU legal order impose constraints to the external action of the Union, their scope is at the same time interpreted in a way to accommodate their guarantee with the EU’s objective to contribute to the major reform of the ISDS. In that way, the guarantee of the EU legal order’s constitutional requirements is not necessarily a limit to the efficiency of the Union’s external action [less ▲]

Chronique Principes du droit administrative européen

in Revue Française d'Administration Publique (2020)

Article 216(1) TFEU and the Union’s shared external competence in the light of mixity

in Common Market Law Review (2019), 56(2), 489-520

Case C-600/14, Germany v Council, (Amendment of the Convention concerning International Carriage by Rail –COTIF), Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber), of 5 December 2017, EU:C:2017:935. The COTIF case ... [more ▼]

Case C-600/14, Germany v Council, (Amendment of the Convention concerning International Carriage by Rail –COTIF), Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber), of 5 December 2017, EU:C:2017:935. The COTIF case gave the Court of Justice the opportunity to clarify the distinction between Article 3(2) TFEU and Article 216(1) TFEU and, thus, to address the question of facultative mixity. [less ▲]

Autonomy and EU Competences in the Context of Free Trade and Investment Agreements

in Bosse Platiere, Isabelle; Rapoport, Cecile (Eds.) Negotiation and Conclusion of the New Generation of Free Trade Agreements (2019)

Constitutional Issues of EU External Relations Law

Book published by Nomos (2018)

Une approche particulière du dialogue des juges au sein de l'espace économique européen

in Monjal, Pierre Yves (Ed.) Une approche particulière du dialogue des juges au sein de l'espace économique européen (2018)

The competence to conclude the new generation of free trade agreements: lessons from Opinion 2/15

in Chaisse, Julien (Ed.) China-European Union Investment Relationships (2018)

Opinion 2/15 addresses the question of the external competence of the EU to conclude a free trade agreement with Singapore (EUSFTA). The nature of the EU’s competence determines the conclusion of an EU ... [more ▼]

Opinion 2/15 addresses the question of the external competence of the EU to conclude a free trade agreement with Singapore (EUSFTA). The nature of the EU’s competence determines the conclusion of an EU-only agreement, or a mixed agreement, jointly by the Union and its Member States. The Court of Justice of the European Union held that the EU competence to conclude the EUSFTA is not exclusive, as long as provisions concerning non-direct investments and dispute settlement fall under the shared competence of the Union and its Member States. The Court of Justice made valuable contributions to the interpretation of the scope of the Union’s competence in the field of common commercial policy, comprising sustainable development provisions, as well as to the interpretation of implied external competences, and clarified the status of non-substantive provisions. However, uncertainty remains as far as the meaning and the impact of a shared competence are concerned. [less ▲]

L’UNION EUROPEENNE ET LES ACCORDS DE LIBRE-ECHANGE NOUVELLE GENERATION QUELLE EFFICACITE D’ACTION D’UNE UNION A COMPETENCE LIMITEE ?

in Annuaire Français des Relations Internationales (2018)

New generation of free trade agreements (CETA, TTIP, agreements with Singapore, China, Vietnam, Japan i.e.) are the expression of the objective of making the European Union a global international actor ... [more ▼]

New generation of free trade agreements (CETA, TTIP, agreements with Singapore, China, Vietnam, Japan i.e.) are the expression of the objective of making the European Union a global international actor. The external action of the Union is however dependent on the principle of conferral and the division of competences with its Member States. It results from Opinion 2/15 of the Court of Justice that the EU competence to conclude the free trade agreement with Singapore is not exclusive, as long as provisions concerning non-direct investments and dispute settlement fall under the shared competence of the Union and its Member States. The limits of the Union’s external competence and the conclusion of a mixed agreement jeopardise the effectiveness of the Union’s external action. However, the objective of an efficient external action allows a novel interpretation of the scope of the Union’s competence in the field of common commercial policy, comprising sustainable development provisions, as well as of the conditions of exercise of shared external competences. [less ▲]