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   Laser welding of copper to aluminum with spiral trajectory and identification of excessive aluminum meltingMathivanan, Karthik  ; Plapper, Peter ; Mathivanan, Karthik in Journal of Laser Applications (2022) Laser welding of copper and aluminum is challenging due to the formation of complex intermetallic phases. Only a defined amount of Al and Cu can be melted because of the limited solubility of Al–Cu ... [more ▼] Laser welding of copper and aluminum is challenging due to the formation of complex intermetallic phases. Only a defined amount of Al and Cu can be melted because of the limited solubility of Al–Cu systems. Finding the optimum melting is critical for a strong joint. Optical emission during the welding process contains the metal vapor of Al metal that is being welded. This is a good indicator for monitoring the welding process. This research paper focuses on the optical emission of Al from the bottom sheet during welding of Cu (top) and Al (bottom) in overlapped configuration for a spiral trajectory. The emitted signal in the range of 395 nm (±3 nm) from the bottom sheet of aluminum is used to identify excessive Cu–Al welding. The tensile shear strength, microstructure, and welding signal in the time domain for optimum and excessive weld conditions are investigated. In this study, a technique using a photodiode is shown to identify the excessive melting of Al during the welding process in real time. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 88 (6 UL) LASER FUSION WELDING OF CU TO AL WITH SPIRAL TRAJECTORY AND MONITORING OF PROCESS SIGNALSMathivanan, Karthik Doctoral thesis (2022) Welding of Aluminium (Al) and Copper (Cu) in a dissimilar fashion is required for the manufacturing of solar thermal absorbers, battery modules and refrigeration applications. The high strength, thermal ... [more ▼] Welding of Aluminium (Al) and Copper (Cu) in a dissimilar fashion is required for the manufacturing of solar thermal absorbers, battery modules and refrigeration applications. The high strength, thermal and electrical conductivity of Cu combined with the lightweight property of Al material enable the high performance of the product. A laser is a precise tool, which can increase the productivity and quality of the welding process. Welding Al and Cu is considered difficult because of the formation of complex intermetallic phases which reduce the strength of the joint. Laser brazing from low melting Al sheet to Cu sheet is the traditional technique to reduce the intermetallic phases. This thesis focuses on irradiation of laser beam from copper sheet to aluminium sheet in overlapped configuration. The approach is to form a large amount of intermixing to obtain (Cu) solid solution and Al-rich phase Al+Al2Cu in the interface. By this approach, it was found that a fusion zone with a large number of good phases was formed. The intermetallic compounds Al2Cu,Al3Cu4,Al4Cu9 are intermixed and small. Such a microstructure is beneficial for joint strength. The characterization was done by light optical microscopy and scanning electron microscope. EDS analysis was used to estimate the composition and identify the phases. It was found that a beneficial Cu solid solution phase is present in the joint. To qualify the joint and identify the weld status, melting characteristics during laser welding by observation of the optical emission in Ultraviolet-visible wavelength was studied. The Al melting peak at 396 nm and Cu melting peak at 578 nm was found to correlate to the welding process parameters. The signals correlate to the actual melting of Cu and Al sheets, which was investigated by the cross-sectional images and the weld images on the top of the Cu-Al weld. Therefore, the possibility for real-time analysis to identify different welding conditions is shown. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 91 (12 UL) |
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