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  Social, behavioral, and contextual influences on cognitive function and decline over the life course.Leist, Anja  ; in Leist, Anja; Kulmala, Jenni; Nyqvist, Fredrica (Eds.) Health and cognition in old age. From biomedical and life course factors to policy and practice. (2014) Maintaining cognitive function is a prerequisite for living autonomously in older age, and it is highly desirable to postpone cognitive decline for as long as possible. In order to understand how ... [more ▼] Maintaining cognitive function is a prerequisite for living autonomously in older age, and it is highly desirable to postpone cognitive decline for as long as possible. In order to understand how cognitive function is shaped across the life course, it is necessary to focus on life course influences on cognitive aging. The chapter gives a selective review of current knowledge on life course influences on later-life cognitive function with a particular focus on the most recent developments in research on cognitive reserve between 2008 and 2013. First, the theoretical framework of cognitive reserve and life course epidemiology is introduced. Then, an overview is given on life course influences that have been shown to shape later cognitive function, with a focus on important factors of social and behavioral nature, such as education, work environment, and social and physical activities. New research on contextual factors, such as neighborhood socioeconomic status, schooling laws and retirement policies is then presented. The chapter ends with prospects for further research. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 193 (7 UL)Socioeconomic inequalities in health of older Europeans - exploring the contribution of childhood conditionsLeist, Anja ; ; Scientific Conference (2013, November) Detailed reference viewed: 72 (2 UL) Time away from work predicts cognitive function - does education matter?Leist, Anja ; ; et alin Gerontologist (2013, November), 53(S1), 473-473 Detailed reference viewed: 85 (1 UL)Time away from work predicts later cognitive function: Differences by activity during leaveLeist, Anja ; ; et alin Annals of Epidemiology (2013), 23 Purpose. We sought to examine how different activities performed during employment gaps are associated with later cognitive function and change. Method. Five cognitive measures were used to indicate ... [more ▼] Purpose. We sought to examine how different activities performed during employment gaps are associated with later cognitive function and change. Method. Five cognitive measures were used to indicate cognitive impairment of 18,259 respondents to the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (age 50-73) in 2004/5 or 2006/7. Using complete employment histories, employment gaps of six months or more between ages 25 and 65 were identified. Results. Controlling for early-life socioeconomic status, school performance, and education, higher risk of cognitive impairment was associated with employment gaps described as unemployment (Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.18, 95 % Confidence Interval [CI] 1.04, 1.35) and sickness (OR = 1.78, 95 % CI 1.52, 2.09). In contrast, lower risk of cognitive impairment was associated with employment gaps described as training (OR = 0.73, 95 % CI 0.52, 1.01) or maternity (OR = 0.65, 95 % CI 0.57, 0.79). In longitudinal mixed effects models, training and maternity spells were associated with lower two-year aging-related cognitive decline. Discussion. Periods away from work described as unemployment or sickness are associated with lower cognitive function, whereas maternity and training spells are associated with better late-life cognitive function. Both causation and selection mechanisms may explain these findings. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 348 (129 UL)Sozioökonomische Unterschiede in Gesundheit der über 50-Jährigen in Europa – Niedriger elterlicher sozioökonomischer Status und kindliche Gesundheit als Risikofaktoren?Leist, Anja ; in Vögele, Claus (Ed.) 11. Kongress der Fachgruppe Gesundheitspsychologie. Selbstregulation und Gesundheit. Abstractband des Kongresses. (2013) Detailed reference viewed: 125 (3 UL)Type and duration of working-life non-employment spells predict cognitive function in old ageLeist, Anja ; ; et alin Gerontologist (2012), 52(S1), 676-677 Detailed reference viewed: 96 (4 UL) |
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